US Spring EOC Review Test
Cold War and Post-Cold War analyze the origins, dynamics, and consequences of the cold war tensions between the United
States and the Soviet Union ... Historians looking back at our time will note the consistent restraint and peaceful intentions of
the West. They will note that it was the democracies who refused to use the threat of their nuclear
monopoly in the forties and early fifties for territorial or imperial gain. Had that nuclear
monopoly been in the hands of the Communist world, the map of Europe—indeed, the world—
would look very different today. And certainly they will note it was not the democracies that
invaded Afghanistan [in 1979] or suppressed Polish Solidarity or used chemical and toxin warfare
in Afghanistan and Southeast Asia....
— President Ronald Reagan, speech to the British House of Commons, June 8, 1982
Which attitude about Cold War rivalries is expressed by President Ronald Reagan in this
speech?
(a) Actions taken by communist nations to secure their borders have brought stability
to Europe. (b) The United States has made no attempt to pursue peaceful coexistence with
communist nations. (c) Efforts to reduce the nuclear arms race have resulted in lower defense spending.
(d) Communist nations, not western demo
cracies, have threatened world peace. ... Just over a month ago, General Secretary Gorbachev [of the Soviet Union] and I met for the
first time in Geneva. Our purpose was to begin a fresh chapter in the relations between our two
countries and to try to reduce the suspicions and mistrust between us. I think we made a good
beginning. Mr. Gorbachev and I spent many hours together, speaking frankly and seriously about
the most important issues of our time: reducing the massive nuclear arsenals on both sides,
resolving regional conflicts, ensuring respect for human rights as guaranteed under international
agreements, and other questions of mutual interest. As the elected representative of the American
people, I told Mr. Gorbachev of our deep desire for peace and that the American people do not
wish the Soviet people any harm....
— President Ronald Reagan, January 1, 1986
One major issue that dominated United States–Soviet relations at this time was the
(a) war in Southeast Asia
(
(b) use of apartheid in South Africa
(c) danger of nuclear destruction
(d) threat from al Qaeda in the Middle East The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT), signed by President Richard Nixon with the
Soviet Union, was an effort to advance the foreign policy of
(a) détente
(b) imperialism
(c) brinkmanship
(d) globalization
US Spring EOC Review Test
What is the main idea and indication illustrated in this photo
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Americans enjoyed leisure living
Only government staff were secure should a nuclear attack happen
Americans were eager to help create nuclear weapons
There was a fear in the US during the early years of the Cold War
Which action has come to symbolize the end of the Cold War?
(e) (a) establishing the Peace Corps
(f) (b) achieving a truce in the Korean War
relations with China
(c) tearing down the Berlin Wall
(d) improving United States
assess the new role of the United States as a world leader (Students’ knowledge should
include, for example: the Marshall Plan and NATO.) The creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) illustrates a commitment to
the concept of
(a) colonialism
(b) mutual defense
(c) isolationism
(d) human rights The principal goal of the United Nations has been to
(a) develop military alliances around the world
(b) encourage expansion of international trade
(c) promote peaceful solutions to world problems
(d) regulate the use of atomic energy
US Spring EOC Review Test
Source: Dorman Smith, Phoenix Gazette, 1949 (adapted)
Which statement most accurately expresses the main idea of the cartoon?
(a) American taxpayers hope the Marshall Plan will quickly stabilize Europe’s
economy. (b) The Marshall Plan will limit Europe’s economic recovery. (c) Europe will not take advantage of the Marshall Plan. (d) The Marshall Plan will bankrupt the American taxpayer. “... There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, that would advance
dramatically the cause of freedom and peace. General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek
peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek
liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev,
tear down this wall!...” — President Ronald Reagan, June 12, 1987
President Reagan was calling for the end of the
(a) nuclear arms race
(b) Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
(c) division of Berlin, Germany
(d) Warsaw Pact ... We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth
from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new
generation of Americans—born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter
peace, proud of our ancient heritage—and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of
those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are
committed today at home and around the world....
To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass
misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is
required—not because the communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but
because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few
who are rich....
US Spring EOC Review Test
— President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961
According to this quotation, President Kennedy wanted to
(a) assert United States leadership in world affairs (b) follow a policy of neutrality (c) adopt appeasement as a foreign policy (d) abandon the policy of containment Which foreign policy action by President Kennedy was intended to relieve the human suffering
described in this quotation?
(a) creating the Peace Corps (b) authorizing a naval blockade of Cuba (c) meeting with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev in Vienna (d) negotiating the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty analyze the implementation of the foreign policy of containment, including the Truman
Doctrine In the years immediately following World War II, United States foreign policy was primarily
focused on
(a) securing peace in the Middle East
(b) containing the spread of communism
(c) sending volunteers to developing countries
(d) maintaining neutrality in world conflicts
summarize the causes and effects of the Red Scare (Students’ knowledge should include,
for example: McCarthyism, House Un-American Activities Committee, nuclear weapons,
the Arms Race.) “Attorney General Palmer Deports 249 Foreigners” (1919)
“Nixon Accuses Alger Hiss of Espionage” (1948) “Rosenbergs Executed for
Treason” (1953)
Each of these headlines demonstrates that during the 20th century
(a) the rights of the accused were expanded (b) membership rose dramatically in groups considered to be subversive (c) censorship was a primary policy of the govern- ment (d) fear of communist activities prompted govern- ment actions Between 1946 and 1954, the House Committee on Un-American Activities and Senator Joseph
McCarthy attracted public attention by investigating
(a) allegations of communist influences in government (b) civil rights violations against African Americans (c) corruption by companies in the defense industry (d) war crimes of German and Japanese officials McCarthyism in the 1950s is most closely associated with
US Spring EOC Review Test
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
claims that communists had infiltrated the federal government efforts to prevent pro-communist govern- ments in Latin America formation of the Warsaw Pact passage of the Interstate Highway Act draw conclusions from external confrontations with communism (Students’ knowledge
should include, for example: the Berlin blockade, the Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs, the
Cuban Missile Crisis, Korea, Vietnam War.); Which action has come to symbolize the end of the Cold War?
(a) establishing the Peace Corps
(b) achieving a truce in the Korean War
(c) tearing down the Berlin Wall
(d) improving United States relations with China
Which newspaper headline would have appeared after the breakup of the Soviet Union?
(a) “Russian Troops Invade Afghanistan”
(b) “Poland and Hungary Join NATO”
(c) “President Carter Announces Camp David Agreement”
(d) “President Nicaragua”
The Cuban missile crisis was effectively ended when the
(a) Soviet Union agreed to withdraw weapons from Cuba (b) Bay of Pigs invasion removed Fidel Castro from power (c) Cuban authorities signed new trade agree- ments with the United States (d) United States announced the formation of the Alliance for Progress The Berlin airlift was used during the Cold War to
(a) rescue people fleeing West Germany (b) prevent a communist takeover of Greece and Turkey (c) overcome a blockade created by the Soviet Union (d) support peacekeeping efforts by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
The creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) illustrates a commitment to the
concept of
(a) colonialism
(b) mutual defense
(c) isolationism
(d) human rights
The major reason the United States became involved in the Korean War was the
(a) threat of communism spreading throughout Asia (b) need to prevent war between China and the Soviet Union (c) demand by the United States for Korean natural resources (d) desire to limit Japanese expansion US Spring EOC Review Test
Which of the following BEST explains the primary reason why the placement of Soviet missiles
in Cuba created a problem for the United States was because
(a) the presence of missiles in Cuba would lead to Cuba gaining an upper hand in the Space
Race
(b) the geographic location of Cuba meant that a Soviet attack was physically possible
(c) the presence of missiles in Cuba would prevent the US from attacking the Soviet Union
(d) the presence of missiles in Cuba would prevent the US from attacking Cuba
Source: Thomas A. Bailey, A Diplomatic History of the American People, Prentice
Hall, 1980
Which conclusion is supported by the information provided on this map?
(a) The United Nations could have won the war by sending its troops across the Yalu
River.
(b) South Korea was never in danger of being defeated by North Korea.
(c) The war did little to alter the territorial division of Korea.
(d) China refused to aid North Korea.
The perceived threat of communist influence in the United States during the 1950s prompted
Congress to
(a) ban foreign students
(b) repeal loyalty oaths
(c) deport citizens who were communists
(d) investigate suspected communist sympathizers
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) provided congressional support for
(a) withdrawing from the United Nations
(b) expanding the Alliance for Progress
US Spring EOC Review Test
(c) escalating military action in Vietnam
(d) reestablishing trade with Cuba
analyze the impact of Sputnik and the Space Race Which of these events related to space exploration occurred first?
(a) Neil Armstrong walking on the Moon
(b) development of the space shuttle
(c) John Glenn orbiting Earth
(d) launching of Sputnik
KENNEDY WARNED OF SPACE SETBACK
Task Force Says Soviet Will Probably Orbit Man First — Asks Reorganization
By W. H. Lawrence
Special to The New York Times.
PALM BEACH, Fla., Jan. 11
— A task force on space programs warned President-elect John F.
Kennedy today that the United States was lagging behind the Soviet Union in ballistic missiles
and outer- space exploration.
The group said that the lag in developing powerful booster rockets made it “very unlikely that we
shall be first in placing a man into orbit around the earth.” Source: New York Times, January
12, 1961 (adapted)
President Kennedy responded to warnings like this by
(a) promising to explore Mars and other nearby planets (b) asking Congress to fund the Hubble telescope (c) pledging to put a man on the Moon within a decade (d) joining the Soviet Union in building a space station Which event marked the beginning of the space race with the Soviet Union?
(a) U-2 spy plane incident
(b) launch of Sputnik
(c) Berlin airlift
(d) creation of the space shuttle program
analyze the reasons for the political protests of the Vietnam War BUT HOW TO LET GO — GRACEFULLY
US Spring EOC Review Test
Source: Vaughn Shoemaker, Chicago American, 1965 (adapted)
What is the principal message of this cartoon?
(a) The United States is afraid of a united Vietnam. (b) Other nations in Southeast Asia might fall to communism. (c) President Lyndon B. Johnson is finding it difficult to exit Vietnam. (d) President Lyndon B. Johnson is worried about a communist attack on the United States. evaluate the role of technology in the Information Age