1: What two disciplines had an influence on early psychology?
Anthropology and history
Biology and medicine
Philosophy and biology
2: Who founded the very first psychology laboratory?
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
3: What were the two earliest schools of thought in psychology?
Humanism and behaviorism
Cognitivism and psychoanalysis
Structuralism and functionalism
4: Biopsychology is:
The study of how biological processes impact the mind and behavior.
study of animal behavior.
lifespan.
The
The study of human growth and development across the
: When did psychology first emerge as a separate discipline?
In ancient times
During the 17th-century
In the late 1800s
6: What concept was critical to the school of thought known as psychoanalysis?
Conditioning
The unconscious mind
Self-efficacy
7: Which psychologist was one of the strongest advocates of behaviorism?
William James
G. Stanley Hall
John B. Watson
8: Students are asked to complete a survey on how much sleep they got before a big
exam. Researchers then compare their test scores with how much sleep each student
got before the test. The amount of sleep students reported is the:
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Extraneous variable
9: What type of research is needed to determine a cause-and-effect relationship
between two or more variables?
Correlational studies
Longitudinal studies
Experimental studies
10: A theory is a well-established principle that has been developed to explain some
aspect of the natural world. A theory arises from repeated observation and testing and
incorporates facts, laws, predictions, and tested hypotheses that are widely accepted.
True
False
11: _________________________ is a study that takes place over a period of time.
Cross-sectional research
Longitudinal research
Correlational research
12: A positive correlation indicates that as one variable goes up, the other variable
also ________________.
Goes up
Goes down
Stays the same
13: The first step in the scientific research method is to:
Collect data
Perform statistical analysis
Form a testable hypothesis
14: Out of the following correlations, which indicates the strongest relationship?
-0.95
0.23
0.79
15: The area of psychology that seeks to understand how the brain affects behavior is
known as:
Cognitive psychology
Biopsychology
Behavioral psychology
16: Which type of neuron transmits information from the brain to the muscles of the
body?
Sensory neurons
Interneurons
Motor neurons
17: Once an electrical impulse reaches the end of an axon, it crosses the synapse via:
Terminal buttons
Neurotransmitters
Dendrites
18: The endocrine system is composed of glands throughout the body that secrete:
Hormones
Plasma
Enzymes
: Which of the following structures is NOT part of the endocrine system?
Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland
Appendix
20: Which area of the brain is associated with reasoning, motor skills, higher lever
cognition and expressive language?
The temporal lobe
The frontal lobe
The occipital lobe
21: Which area of the brain connects with many other regions of the brain and is
responsible for controlling hunger, thirst, emotions, body temperature regulation and
circadian rhythms.
Hypothalamus
Midbrain
Cerebellum
22: These drugs inhibit the function of the central nervous system and are among the
most widely used drugs in the world.
Stimulants
Psychedelics
Depressants
23: In classical conditioning, the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus is
known as the:
Conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Unconditioned response
24: In operant conditioning, the removal of an unfavorable events or outcomes after
the display of a behavior is known as:
Negative reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
Negative punishment
25: The information we are currently aware of or thinking about is known as:
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
26: This type of memory retrieval involves reconstructing memory, often utilizing
logical structures, partial memories, narratives or clues is known as:
Recall
Recognition
Recollection
27: Organizing information in memory into related groups is known as:
Chunking
Collecting
Clustering
28: This theory of forgetting suggests that some memories compete and interfere with
other memories. When information is very similar to other information that was
previously stored in memory, problems are more likely to occur. What is this theory
called?
Decay theory
Interference theory
Failure to store theory
29: Research has shown that students who study regularly remember the material far
better than those who did all of their studying in one marathon session.
True
False
30: The debate over the relative contributions of inheritance and the environment is
one of the oldest issues in both philosophy and psychology. This question is referred
to as:
Early experience vs. later experience
vs. nurture
Continuity vs. discontinuity
Nature
31: According to Freud, personality is mostly established by what age?
5
15
25
32: Freud believed that the pleasure-seeking energies of the _______ becoming
focused on different areas during development.
Ego
Id
Superego
33: In Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the stage focused on
children developing a greater sense of personal control through toilet training, food
choices and toy preferences is known as:
Trust versus mistrust
and doubt
Integrity versus despair
Autonomy versus shame
34: Which psychologist developed social learning theory, suggesting that people can
learn new information and behaviors by watching other people?
Jean Piaget
Albert Bandura
Kurt Lewin
35: According to Piaget, the process of taking in new information into our previously
existing schema is known as ________________.
Assimilation
Accommodation
Equilibration
36: The stage of cognitive development in which children begin thinking logically
about concrete events, but have difficulty understanding abstract or hypothetical
concepts is known as:
The sensorimotor stage
operational stage
The preoperational stage
The concrete
37: This type of personality theory suggests that individual personalities are
composed broad dispositions.
Behavioral theories
Trait theories
Humanist theories
38: Which types of traits dominate an individual's whole life, often to the point that
the person becomes known specifically for these traits?
Cardinal traits
Central traits
Secondary traits
39: In Sigmund Freud's theory of personality, the component of personality that is
responsible for dealing with reality is known as the:
Id
Ego
Superego
40: What is at the peak of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Social needs
Esteem needs
Self-actualizing needs
1. What is it called when a person takes material into their mind from the
environment?
A. recall
B. classification
C. accommodation
D. assimilation
E. stage
2. Which of the following represents that strongest correlation?
A. +.23
B. -.10
C. -.44
D. +.55
E. +.89
3. Which is NOT a step in the scientific method?
A. test hypothesis
B. gather information
C. revise
D. generate hypothesis
E. none of the above
4. The difference between reality and self-concept is called
A. modeling
B. shaping
C. incongruence
D. behavior rehearsal
E. none of the above
5. Role playing social situations or behaviors is called
A. behavior rehearsal
B. shaping
C. incongruence
D. modeling
E. none of the above
6. What is it called when a person has consistent fear of a serious disease?
A. arachnophobia
B. hypochondria
C. phobia
D. obsessive-compulsive disorder
E. manic depressive illness
7. Which of the following created the client-centered theory of psychology?
A. Jean Piaget
B. B. F. Skinner
C. Alfred Kinsey
D. Ivan Pavlov
E. Carl Rogers
8. Hallucinations and delusions are a symptom of which disorder?
A. hypochondria
B. schizophrenia
C. arachnophobia
D. insomnia
E. obsessive-compulsive disorder
9. Who conducted the Baby Monkey experiment?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Jean Piaget
C. Mary Ainsworth
D. Harry Harlow
E. Lawrence Kohlberg
10. Which of the following studied temperament?
A. Mary Ainsworth
B. Harry Harlow
C. Sigmund Freud
D. Alfred Kinsey
E. Lawrence Kohlberg
11. Cocaine is a ____________?
A. sedative
B. barbituate
C. hallucinogen
D. cannabis
E. stimulant
12. Which of the following became famous for his experiments with dogs and
conditioning?
A. Alfred Kinsey
B. Ivan Pavlov
C. Carl Jung
D. B. F. Skinner
E. Jean Piaget
13. When a person experiences unexpected panic attacks it is called
A. bipolar disorder
B. insanity
C. panic disorder
D. obsessive compulsive disorder
E. post-traumatic stress disorder
14. When a person has anxiety about panic attacks in social or embarrassing
situations, they have _______?
A. agoraphobia
B. bipolar disorder
C. claustrophobia
D. arachnophobia
E. post-traumatic stress disorder
15. When a person experiences extreme stress with biological and psychological
symptoms following a traumatic event it is called:
A. bipolar disorder
B. post-traumatic stress disorder
C. panic disorder
D. schizophrenia
E. agoraphobia
Clep Practice Test Answer key
1) D
2) E
3) E
4) C
5) A
6) B
7) E
8)B
9) D
10) A
11) E
12) B
13) C
14) A
15) B