DESIGN OF THE VIBRATION FILTERING PEN TRACER
A Project
Presented to the faculty of the Department of Mechanical Engineering
California State University, Sacramento
Submitted in partial satisfaction of
the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
in
Mechanical Engineering
by
Vamshi Vayunandan Reddy Nyalakonda
SUMMER
2012
© 2012
Vamshi Vayunandan Reddy Nyalakonda
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
ii
DESIGN OF THE VIBRATION FILTERING PEN TRACER
A Project
by
Vamshi Vayunandan Reddy Nyalakonda
Approved by:
____________________________________, Committee Chair
Akihiko Kumagai
_______________________
Date
iii
Student: Vamshi Vayunandan Reddy Nyalakonda
I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University
format manual, and that this Project is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to
be awarded for the Project.
___________________________________, Department Chair
Susan L. Holl
Department of Mechanical Engineering
iv
______________
Date
Abstract
of
DESIGN OF THE VIBRATION FILTERING PEN TRACER
by
Vamshi Vayunandan Reddy Nyalakonda
While getting old many people face a lot of health problems in their lives. Mostly the
problems faced by them are physical problems. One of the main physical problems faced
by them is a Tremor Disease. A Tremor is a type of shaking movement of one or more
parts of the body.
Many Tremors don’t have any cure. Treatment for Tremor depends upon the accurate
diagnosis of the cause. Some of the tremors will respond to the treatment in the
underlying condition. In the psychogenic tremor case while treating the patients can
cause the tremor to disappear. Several forms of tremors can be treated by a symptomatic
drug therapy. Tremor patients have difficulties in performing the most common, daily
tasks. Tremor is one of the mostly found “Common abnormal involuntary movements”
and can affect any part of the body like hands, legs, arms, vocal cords, trunk, head and
face. But tremors could mostly occur in the hands.
The Vibration Pen Tracer is a devise which is used to scan the hand written characters
and patterns of Tremor patients. By using a Computer and a Processing Software the
v
scanned hand written image is processed and then it is converted into a much smoother
hand written pattern. The Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer is designed by using
SolidWorks. The Prototype serves the purpose of scanning the hand written characters
and converts it into a smoother hand written pattern.
____________________________________, Committee Chair
Akihiko Kumagai
_______________________
Date
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Firstly I would like to thank my Masters Project Advisor Prof. Dr. Akihiko Kumagai for
giving me this opportunity to do this unique project. Prof. Dr. Akihiko Kumagai helped
me in this project by providing me with many sources of information. He was always
available for contact through Email and Phone. He helped me with all the questions that
came across during the Project. I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Yong S. Suh as I have
learned SolidWorks from his course.
Finally I would like to thank my family, friends and the Mechanical Engineering
Department who encouraged and helped me in completing this project successfully. I am
really thankful for the support provided by them.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Acknowledgements
vii
List of Figures
ix
Software Specifications
xii
Chapter
1. INTRODUCTION
1
2. DESIGN OF THE VIBRATION FILTERING PEN TRACER
2
3. PART AND ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS
31
4. CONCLUSIONS
43
References
44
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures
Page
1.
Figure 1: VFPT 3D CAD Assembly…...……………………………………… 4
2.
Figure 2: Base Shell…………………………………………………………… 6
3.
Figure 3: Guide Rail…………………………………………………………… 7
4.
Figure 4: Slide………………………………………………………................. 8
5.
Figure 5: Lead Screw…………………………………………………………... 9
6.
Figure 6: 6627T11 Stepper Motor………………………………………..……. 10
7.
Figure 7: Motor Bracket…………………………………………………...…… 11
8.
Figure 8: Scanner Beam………………………………………………...……… 12
9.
Figure 9: VU Point Scanner…………………………………………………… 13
10. Figure 10: Pen Slide………………………………………………………….... 14
11. Figure 11: Lead Screw Pen Slide…………………………….………………… 15
12. Figure 12: Lead Screws Big................................................................................. 16
13. Figure 13: 57105K14 Gear…………………..……………………………….... 17
14. Figure 14: Bracket for X-Axis Motor………………………………....……….. 18
15. Figure 15: 7880K18 Gear Pen Slide………………………………...…………. 19
16. Figure 16: Pen…………………………………………………………..……… 20
17. Figure 17: 97431A240 Retainer Ring……………………………………….…. 21
18. Figure 18: Paper Base………………………………………….………………. 22
ix
19. Figure 19: Bracket for Scanner…………………………………………….…… 23
20. Figure 20: 91735A102; 4-40 X .25IN PHIL PAN HD MACH Screw………… 24
21. Figure 21: 91735A101; 4-40 X .3125 IN PHIL PAN HD MACH Screw……... 25
22. Figure 22: Bracket for Y-Axis Motor……….…………………………………. 26
23. Figure 23: Shaft Coupling…………………………………………………….... 27
24. Figure 24: 93085A825; 10-32 X .25 IN PHIL FLAT HD MACH Screw……... 28
25. Figure 25: 96877A198; 4-40 PHIL FLAT HD MACH Screw………………… 29
26. Figure 26: Pen Rack……………………………………………………………. 30
27. Figure 27: The Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer Assembly……………………... 31
28. Figure 28: Base Shell………………………………………………………….. 32
29. Figure 29: Guide Rail………………………………………………………….. 33
30. Figure 30: Slide………………………………………………………………... 34
31. Figure 31: Motor Bracket………………………………………………...……. 35
32. Figure 32: Scanner Beam……………………………………………...………. 36
33. Figure 33: Pen Slide.……………………………………………………..……. 37
34. Figure 34: Bracket for X-Axis Motor……….……………………………..….. 38
35. Figure 35: Pen Rack…………………………………………………...……….. 39
36. Figure 36: Paper Base………………………………………………..………… 40
37. Figure 37: Bracket for Scanner…………………………………..…………….. 41
x
38. Figure 38: Bracket for Y-Axis Motor……….………………………...…….… 42
xi
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS
1. The initial requirement to open the CAD files is SolidWorks 2010-2011.
2. Operating System: Windows 7 or Windows Vista.
3. System Requirements: 4GB RAM and 2.3 GHz processor speed.
4. This Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer works only for A4 size paper.
xii
1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
An unintentional trembling or shaking movements in the human body are called as
Tremors. Tremor is one of the mostly found “Common abnormal involuntary
movements” and can affect any part of the body like hands, legs, arms, vocal cords,
trunk, head and face. But tremors could mostly occur in the hands. Tremors can be seen
in middle aged and older people, but anyone can have tremor [1].
We can say Tremors can occur in any person. It happens because of nerve diseases like
Parkinson’s disease, you can get Tremors because of so many reasons like use of certain
medications, heavy drinking (as heavy drinking leads to nerve cell breakage and can
cause Tremor). Some people inherit Tremors from their elders and some Tremors have no
known cause [1]. Other types of Tremors include intake of excess of caffeine, and
Cigarette smoking can temporarily worsen the situation. Tremor can be seen in every
person while moving their hands and the main reasons are stress, fear, and anger [2].
Tremors mostly don’t have a cure. This not life threatening but they are embarrassing and
it is really heard to perform daily tasks. But medication and Treatment can relieve them
but that depends on the cause, and surgical procedures can also help in reducing tremors
and they improve muscle control [1].
2
Chapter 2
DESIGN OF THE VIBRATION FILTERING PEN TRACER
In this Project SolidWorks is used to design The Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer.
Basically, The Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer is a device which is used to scan the hand
written characters and patterns of Tremor patients. By using a Computer and a Processing
Software the scanned hand written image is processed and then it is converted into a
much smoother hand written pattern.
This project deals with designing the mechanical hardware portion of The Vibration
Filtering Pen Tracer. The Processing software for the hand written pattern can be bought
from some websites. This Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer works only for A4 size paper.
Structure of the Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer:
The Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer consists of Base Shell, Guide Rail, Slide, Lead Screw,
Stepper Motor, Motor Bracket, Scanner Beam, VU Point Scanner, Pen Slide, Lead Screw
Pen Slider, Lead Screw Big, Gear, and Bracket for X-Axis Motor, Gear for Pen Slide,
Pen, Paper Base, and Bracket for Scanner, Bracket for Y-Axis Motor, Shaft Couplings,
Pen Rack, and Pen Holder.
Motors and Screws are used off the shelf, they can be bought from the below website:
http://www.mcmaster.com/ [3].
Concept and Working of the Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer:
3
A clip board with a paper and transparency on it is given to a Tremor patient (Fig.1).
Tremor patient writes on the paper (Fig.2). Remove the transparency (Fig.3). Then the
hand written paper is kept on the Paper Base of “The Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer
(VFPT)” device (Fig.4). The VFPT device has two Guide Rails. Each Guide Rail consists
of a Lead Screw on it. A belt is connected in between the Lead Screws by using Gears.
Lead Screws helps the two Slides to move the VU Point Scanner on the top of Paper
Base. VU Point Scanner is a hand held scanner, this is an off-the-shelf product. The
Scanner is connected to the Computer using a USB Cable.
4
Figure 1: VFPT 3D CAD Assembly
5
The scanned image is send into the Computer for the processing. By using of the
Processing software the hand written pattern image is processed (The Code for
Processing Software is not written in this Project, Processing Software can be bought
from other third party companies). Here the Processing Software processes the hand
written pattern into much smoother hand written pattern. After processing Computer
sends command to The Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer (VFPT) device to write the
smoother patter onto the A4 Paper on Paper Base.
The Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer (VFPT) device uses Guide Rail, Slide, Lead Screw
and Stepper Motors for the X, Y, and Z Axis movements. Three Stepper Motors are used
for VFPT device; all three Stepper Motors are taken off the shelf.
After receiving the commands The Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer (VFPT) device moves
the Pen accordingly on the X, Y, and Z Axis and writes the smooth written pattern onto
the A4 Paper on Paper Base.
6
Figure 2: Base Shell
Base Shell is like the basement for Assembly of the Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer, all the
assembly resides on the Base Shell. Base Shell is made of a material called as Lexan
(Polycarbonate). Lexan is a type of plastic. I used Lexan as Base Shell as it is the impact
resistant material and has less weight. Two Guide Rails and Paper Base are placed on the
Base Shell.
7
Figure 3: Guide Rail
Guide Rail is a device which is used to move through a path; we are using two Guide
Rails, both of same sizes. Guide Rail is made using Stainless Steel Material. Here Guide
Rail is used for movement of Slide.
8
Figure 4: Slide
Slide helps in carrying the VU Point Scanner. It slides on the Guide Rail. Slide is made
with a material called as Delrin. Delrin has low friction coefficient and has a good
abrasion resistance [4].
9
Figure 5: Lead Screw
A Lead Screw is a threaded rod which provides a linear motion when a rotational motion
is applied. Lead Screw is used in the movement of Slide. Here Lead Screw gets the
rotational motion from a Stepper Motor. Lead Screw is made of Stainless Steel.
10
Figure 6: 6627T11 Stepper Motor
Stepper Motor is electronic motor in which every rotation is divided into number of steps.
Stepper Motor has an excellent torque at low speed; it is inexpensive and has a longer
life. This particular model was taken because it has a tangential force of 2.42lbs on its
shaft.
Product Specifications:
Torque = 0.19in.-lbs
Shaft Diameter = 0.157″
So, Shaft Radius = 0.157″/2 = 0.0785″
Hence Force = Torque/Radius = 0.19/0.0785 = 2.42lbs
2.42lbs of Force is enough for driving The Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer.
11
Figure 7: Motor Bracket
Motor Bracket is used for holding the Stepper Motor in the same place. It is made of
Stainless Steel. Motor Bracket holds the Stepper Motor by tightening some screws onto
Base Shell.
12
Figure 8: Scanner Beam
Scanner Beam is used to hold the VU Point Scanner with the help of a Bracket. And it
also works as Guide Rail for the Pen movement. Scanner Beam is made with a material
called Lexan.
13
Figure 9: VU Point Scanner
VU Point Scanner is a portable hand held scanner from the Magic Wand Portable
Scanners. VU Point Scanner is taken off the shelf. It helps to scan the Paper and then the
scanned image is send to the computer for processing.
14
Figure 10: Pen Slide
Pen Slide is used to carry the Pen. It slides on the Scanner Beam. Slide is made with a
material called as Stainless Steel.
15
Figure 11: Lead Screw Pen Slide
Lead Screw Pen Slide is used in the movement of Pen Slide. Here Lead Screw Pen Slide
gets the rotational motion from a Stepper Motor. This is made of Stainless Steel.
16
Figure 12: Lead Screws Big
Lead Screw Big is used in the movement of Slide. This Lead Screw is longest in all the
Lead Screws used. Here Lead Screw Big gets the rotational motion from a Stepper Motor
by the use of rotation of a belt and gear. Lead Screw is made of Stainless Steel.
17
Figure 13: 57105K14 Gear
Gear is a toothed wheel which is used in driving mechanism. Here Gear is used to drive
the Lead Screws by using the torque generated by Stepper Motor. Gear is made of
Stainless Steel. 57105K14 Gear is taken off the shelf.
18
Figure 14: Bracket for X-Axis Motor
Bracket for X-Axis Motor is used to hold the Stepper Motor with the Scanner Beam. It is
made with Stainless Steel.
19
Figure 15: 7880K18 Gear Pen Slide
Gear is a toothed wheel which is used in driving mechanism. Here Gear is used to drive
the Pen Rack by using the torque generated by Stepper Motor. Gear is made of Stainless
Steel. 7880K18 Gear Pen Slide is taken off the shelf.
20
Figure 16: Pen
Any size Pen can be used as the Pen Holder can be adjusted accordingly with Pen Size.
21
Figure 17: 97431A240 Retainer Ring
Retainer Ring is the component which is designed for creating a shoulder for holding
components in place. Usually retainer shoulder is made use when the ring is attached
itself into the bore or shaft by snapping into the groove [5]. Here The Retainer Ring is
used as a shoulder in between Stepper Motor and the Lead Screw. Retainer Ring is made
using Stainless Steel.
22
Figure 18: Paper Base
Paper Base sits directly on the Base Shell. Paper is placed on the Paper Base. Only the
A4 size paper can be placed on it. Paper Base is made using a material called as Lexan.
23
Figure 19: Bracket for Scanner
Bracket for Scanner is designed for holding the VU Point Scanner onto the Scanner
Beam. Bracket for Scanner is made with Stainless Steel.
24
Figure 20: 91735A102; 4-40 X .25IN PHIL PAN HD MACH Screw
91735A102 .25IN PHIL PAN HD MACH Screws are used in between Slide and Scanner
Beam. 91735A102 .25IN PHIL PAN HD MACH Screws are taken off the shelf. They are
made by Stainless Steel material.
25
Figure 21: 91735A101; 4-40 X .3125 IN PHIL PAN HD MACH Screw
91735A101 .3125 IN PHIL PAN HD MACH Screws are used in between the Stepper
Motor and Bracket for Y-Axis. 91735A101 .3125 IN PHIL PAN HD MACH Screws are
taken off the shelf. They are made by Stainless Steel material.
26
Figure 22: Bracket for Y-Axis Motor
Bracket for Y-Axis Motor is used to hold the Stepper Motor onto Scanner Beam. This
Stepper Motor helps in the Pen Rack movement. Bracket for Y-Axis Motor is made using
Stainless Steel.
27
Figure 23: Shaft Coupling
Usually a Coupling is used to connect two shafts together for power transmission. Here
Shaft Coupling is used as a coupling in between Stepper Motor and Lead Screw. By
using Shaft Coupling the Stepper Motor drives Lead Screw. Shaft Coupling is made of
Stainless Steel.
28
Figure 24: 93085A825; 10-32 X .25 IN PHIL FLAT HD MACH Screw
93085A825 .25 IN PHIL FLAT HD MACH Screws are used to hold the Guide Rail onto
Base Shell. 93085A825 .25 IN PHIL FLAT HD MACH Screws are taken off the shelf.
They are made by Stainless Steel material.
29
Figure 25: 96877A198; 4-40 PHIL FLAT HD MACH Screw
96877A198 -40 PHIL FLAT HD MACH Screws are used for holding Paper Base onto
Base Shell. 96877A198 -40 PHIL FLAT HD MACH Screws are taken off the shelf. They
are made by Stainless Steel material.
30
Figure 26: Pen Rack
Pen Rack is used to hold the Pen. And simultaneously it helps Pen in the Z-Axis
movement. Pen Rack consists of Pen Holder, Pen Holder can be adjusted according to the
Pen size. Pen Rack is made using Stainless Steel.
31
Chapter 3
PART AND ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS
Part And Assembly Drawings from 3D Designs of SolidWorks can be seen in the
following Chapter.
Figure 27: The Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer Assembly
32
Figure 28: Base Shell
33
Figure 29: Guide Rail
34
Figure 30: Slide
35
Figure 31: Motor Bracket
36
Figure 32: Scanner Beam
37
Figure 33: Pen Slide
38
Figure 34: Bracket for X-Axis Motor
39
Figure 35: Pen Rack
40
Figure 36: Paper Base
41
Figure 37: Bracket for Scanner
42
Figure 38: Bracket for Y-Axis Motor
43
Chapter 4
CONCLUSIONS
The purpose of this project is to design The Vibration Filtering Pen Tracer (VFPT) device
for people with Tremor disease. VFPT Parts and Assembly were designed using
SolidWorks. By using the drawings provided a working prototype can be made. This
VFPT works only for A4 size paper.
Future Work:
In future VU Point Scanner of VFPT device can be replaced by a Graphic Designed
Tablet [6]. So instead of writing on an A4 paper, Tremor Patient writes on a Graphic
Designed Tablet. There is no need of VU Point Scanner, as the hand written pattern from
the Graphic Designed Tablet can be send to Computer. The Computer then writes the
smoother patter onto the A4 paper on the Paper base by using VFPT controlling the
movement of the Pen on X, Y, and Z Axis.
44
REFERENCES
[1] Tremor Fact Sheet NINDS. “NIH Publication No. 06-4734” June 2006 [Online]
Available: < http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tremor/detail_tremor.htm>
[2] Health Guide NYTIMES. 19 June 2008 [Online]
Available: <http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/tremor/overview.html>
[3] McMaster-Carr is a supplier to Industrial and Commercial facilities [Online]
Available: < http://www.mcmaster.com>
[4] Delrin Material. “Direct Plastics” [Online]
Available: < http://www.directplasticsonline.co.uk/delrin.html>
[5] Retaining Rings. “American Ring and Tool Company” [Online]
Available: < http://www.americanring.net/rings_retaining_overview.aspx>
[6] Graphic Design Tablet [Online]
<http://www.outletpc.com/lf7684.html?gclid=CNmQ8OX_t7ACFQbznAodK3XF7Q>