United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) and African Centre
for Statistics at Economic Commission for Africa (ACS)
Distributive Trade Statistics in African context: Challenges
and good practices Nigerian situation
Presented by
Mrs. Oloyede Oluyemi
(National Bureau of Statistics, (NBS) Abuja, Nigeria)
During the workshop for African Countries on the
Implementation of International Recommendations for
Distributive Trade Statistics
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
27-30 May, 2008,
1
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION







Introduction
Legal Framework
Data sources
Production of Distributive Trade Statistics
(DTS)
Problems
Recommendations/Conclusion
End of Presentation
2
INTRODUCTION


Definition of distribution trade statistics (DTS)
DTS is an important economic activity
comprising wholesale, retail, export and
import i.e. sales without transformation of any
types of goods together with services
incidental to sales such as repair, installation
and delivery
3
INTRODUCTION CONT;

SCOPE

The target population are the establishments
that are into wholesale, retail, export/import and
other services that are incidental to sales such
as repair & installation and delivery and employ
10 persons and above

COVERAGE
 Coverage: Survey of Distributive trade under NISE
covers all the states of the federation including
Federal Capital Territory, Abuja
4
INTRODUCTION CONT;


REGULARITY
Survey of Distributive Trade has been conducted
on yearly basis since the year 2004 in which
emphasis is on quarterly data under National
Bureau of Statistics (NBS)/Central Bank of
Nigeria (CBN) and Nigeria Communication
Commission (NCC) collaborative survey of
Socio-Economic activities in Nigeria using an
infrastructure called NISE (National Integrated
Survey of Establishment)
5
INTRODUCTION CONT;





HISTORY OF DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE STATISTICS
The survey of distributive trade services started in
Nigeria in 1971, as a pilot survey.
The subsequent surveys were in 1972,1973 and 1985
Then, on annual basis till date with preceding year as
reference period
Quarterly survey of distributive trade began in 1998
6
LEGAL FRAME WORK

Nigeria Statistical Act May 2007 has two main clauses;
 Enforcing any person or group in the country to
comply with information requested for by the
authorized Statistical Agency- National Bureau of
Statistics (NBS) in Nigeria
 Making it mandatory for the Statistical Agency to keep
individual information of respondents secret
7
DATA SOURCES

Distributive trade statistics in Nigeria is from
statistical survey as classified in section G of
ISIC Rev.3
8
POST SURVEYS/COLLABORATIVE SURVEYS ON
DTS





2004 NBS/CBN/NCC Survey of Socio-Economic
Activities in Nigeria
2005 NBS/CBN/NCC Survey of Socio-Economic
Activities in Nigeria
2006 NBS/CBN/NCC Survey of Socio-Economic
Activities in Nigeria
2007 NBS/CBN/NCC Survey of Socio-Economic
Activities in Nigeria, analysis is on going
The overall objective of collaboration is to collect
statistics to facilitate the production of GDP and
monitoring economic performance of DTS in the country
9
PRODUCTION OF DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE
STATISTICS

Production of distributive trade statistics involves:

Sample frame

Survey Methodology
 Sample Design
 Survey Instruments
 Data Collection
 Monitoring
 Coordination
 Data processing
 Report writing
 Dissemination
10
DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE STATISTCS SAMPLING FRAME

We have three source from which we obtain DTS frame:







Value added Tax Register from Federal Inland Revenue
Cooperate Affairs Commission
National Bureau of Statistics
Frame is updated every 10 years in which sample are selected for the conduct of
distributive trade statistics survey
The latest Frame updating was conducted in 2004
Currently, the 2007 frame updating is in process due to abnormalities in 2004
Items for the new template are :






Establishment Number
Zone
Senatorial District
State
Local Government
Employment Size
11
DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE FRAME CONT;
 Nearest Town
 Establishment name
 Physical location
 Postal address
 Establishment phone number
 E-mail address
 Legal status
 Registration with CAC
12
DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE FRAME CONT;






Year of operation
Activity (name and code)
Product (name and code of 2 main product)
Import
Export
Sector
13
SAMPLE DESIGN




Establishments engaging 10 persons and above
Sample are selected proportion to size of
population in each state of the Federation
Large establishments are selected with certainty
Contribution to GDP
14
SURVEY INSTRUMENTS:





The Instruments are:
Questionnaire:
Questionnaire for the survey of DTS undergo
review every year
To meet the survey objectives,
questionnaires were reviewed based on
previous year experience
Editing Guideline
15
SURVEY INSTRUMENTS CONT;

Data Items:

DTS Questionnaire is usually divided into 13 sections
Section 1- Identification :
Name of establishment Physical location
Postal Address
Nearest Town
State
Local Government
Contact person telephone number
Year of commencement








16
DATA ITEMS CONT;







Type of ownership
Type of activity engaged in
Section 2: Employment
Section 3: Income
Section 4: Costs of Goods sold
Section 5: Cost of Operation
Section 6: Capital Expenditure
17
DATA ITEMS CONT;
Section 7: Source of working capital
Section 8: Profit/ Loss before tax
Section 9: Net Asset
Section 10: Working Capital
Section 11: Information and Communication
Technology
Section 12: Problems facing the
Establishment
Section 13: Certification
18
TRAINING



Before going to the field for data collection
training is always conducted at two levels:
Training of trainers (TOT) at Headquarters
which involved senior officers from NBS,CBN
and NCC
Training of field staff at state which also
involves Zonal Controllers, State Officers and
Supervisors and enumerators
19
DATA COLLECTION




Field work arrangement:
Arrangement is made on how data would be collected
within a given period of time
Monitoring/Retrieval
Objectives of monitoring
 To ensure good data quality
 To identify sources of errors and correct them
 To ensure the implementation of guidelines
 To measure the size of errors
20
DATA COLLECTION CONT;
COORDINATION
 Zonal Controllers and State Officers
coordinate the field work in their Zones
or States
 This is to meet up with the time line

21
DATA PROCESSING/ANALYSIS




Data processing and analysis is been done at the NBS
headquarters
Field editing is first carried out and followed by manual
editing and coding in the office on the retrieved
questionnaires.
The editing, basically involves correcting anomalies like
illegibility, unreasonable entries, arithmetic errors,
inconsistency, impossible magnitude and making
imputations where need be e.t.c
The next stage is data entry, followed by computer
editing/data cleaning, then tables generation.
22
DATA PROCESSING/ANALYSIS


Analysis
Analysis is made on the following economic
indicators:







Employment
Emolument of employees
Cost of goods sold
Value of sales
Gross Margin
Cost of Operation
Total working capital
23
OUTPUT

The output had been encouraging in the
above economic indicators except total
working capital that decreased by 35 percent
in 2006 compared to 2005 survey result
24
USES OF DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE
STATISTICS





Formulation of policy
Planning purposes
To study the trend of wages and salaries
earned
Changes in sales
Contribution to GDP
25
REPORT WRITING

Report is written on the tables generated by
Senior Officers of the subject matter division
26
DISSEMINATION STRATEGY








The data generated are available in both hard
and soft copies.
Through Press and Electronic media
Workshop organized to sensitize the public
Bulletin
Newsletters
CD
Internet
Flash disk
27
CURRENT STATUS


2007 Survey of Distributive Trade Statistics is
now at the analysis stage
There is an improvement in the response rate
28
ACHIEVEMENT



Improvement in DTS Frame
Frame updating
Continuity in data production
29
PROBLEMS







Delay/low response
Respondents not giving correct information
Problem of call-backs
Partial completion of questionnaires
Establishment don’t keep record
Surveys in Nigeria are capital intensive
Fear of taxation
30
Recommendations/Conclusion






Recently there is a lot of improvement in
generation of data in Nigeria
Efforts are been made to involve stakeholders
Bring in the umbrella agency
Development of State Statistical Year book for
administrative statistics
The constants need for users/Producers’ and suppliers
workshop
The enforcement of statistical act
31
End of Presentation
Thank U
32