BPS-Statistics Indonesia
Towards SEEA Experimental Ecosystem Accounting in Indonesia:
Current Works, Main Challenges, and National Plans
44th Session of the United Nations Statistical Commission
February 25th 2013
KECUK SUHARIYANTO, M. SAIRI, AND WYNANDIN IMAWAN
1. INTRODUCTION




The Indonesian government has been implementing sustainable
development principles of the green economy stated as ProGrowth, Pro-Job, Pro-Poor, and Pro-Environment.
Pro-Environment: Indonesia has been part of REDD (Reducing
Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation).
REDD is a scheme which allows developed countries to give
compensation for forest sequestration of the developing
countries.
Indonesia has a commitment to reduce carbon dioxide emission,
which cause climate changes, to 26 % in 2020, and 41 percent
with international assistance.
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2. CURRENT WORKS
A. Environment Statistics
B. Integrated System of
Environment and
Economic Account
C. Case Study: Environmental
Degradation from CO2
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A. Environment Statistics
PUBLICATION
CONTENTS
1. Environment Statistics of Natural environment: situation of forest, fish resources, water
Indonesia
resources, biodiversities, mineral resources, natural disasters,
(Annual, since 1982)
solid waste, etc
Social environment: related to many dimensions of social
issues including social prosperity problems and social resilient
2. Statistics on Marine and
Coastal Resources
(Annual, since 2004)
Availability of mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass, fishery
related issues, sea water quality, and the situation of socioeconomic infrastructure among coastal villages
3. Indicator of Indonesia
Sustainable
Development
Combination of several data related to sustainable
development. Indicators used in line with recommendation
from Commission on Sustainable Development within the
Framework of Driving Force-State-Response (DSR). Data
including: poverty, governance, health related issues,
education, demography, atmosphere, land used, freshwater,
biodiversity, global economic partnership, consumption
pattern, etc.
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PUBLICATION
CONTENTS
4. Indicators resulted
from Survey on the
Behavior toward
Caring on Environment
(2012)
Identify the knowledge and behavior of household members
toward daily caring on environment.
5. Environment statistics
compiled from villagebased data collection
 Data collection related to several dimensions of
development, including data on environment (every 3
years)
 Data on environment disaster for example:
In 2011 of all 78,609 villages:
 7,521 villages experienced land slide,
 14,732 villages experienced flood;
 1,609 village with tide;
 554 villages experienced forest-fire;
 2,105 villages with dryness.
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B. Integrated System Of Environment and Economic
Account (SEEA Indonesia)
7,000,000
6,000,000
Million Rupiah
5,000,000
GDP
EDP
Green GDP
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source of Data
Data Type
Limitation
Ministry of Energy and
Mineral Resources
• Mineral resource
• Mineral production
Ministry of Forestry
• Forest area
• Timber production
Statistics Indonesia
• National account aggregates
Coverage is limited to 9
significant natural resources
in Indonesia: crude oil,
natural gas, coal, bauxite,
tin, gold, silver, nickel ore,
and timber wood
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C. Case Study: Environmental Degradation from CO2
1 .CO2 and CH4 EMISSION VOLUME ( TON )
Type of
No.
Product
emission
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
LULUCF
CO2
188,507,476 145,311,364
2
Energy
CO2
126,967,776 132,669,055 150,857,444 173,781,469 195,501,194 226,463,873
3
Agriculture
CO2
TOTAL
798,538
792,482
85,119,744 127,752,891 326,846,784
2010
849,882
890,344
972,887
99,452,582
953,581
CH4
129,341,628 127,267,330 125,226,299 123,218,001 127,120,266 131,146,115
CO2
316,273,793 278,772,905 236,827,073 302,424,707 523,320,869 326,870,041
2 .DEGRADATION FROM CO2 + CH4 EMISSION ( Trillion Rp. )
No.
1
2
3
Product
LULUCF
Energy
Agriculture
TOTAL
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2005
47,530
22,579
2006
34,530
22,267
2007
20,282
24,943
2008
33,794
30,108
2009
95,354
36,113
2010
24,818
36,249
6,111
5,668
5,565
5,835
6,506
5,808
76,231
62,476
50,800
69,747
137,985
66,884
7
Summary of Findings

Government must be aware about the increase of forest conversion and
depletion, and also the decrease of additional growth of forest outside
of Java.

Over exploitation of timber wood especially outside of Java is reflected
in the decrease of end of year inventory of timber wood.

Rate of depletion for some of mineral resources is exceeding the rate of
deposit discovery, so the end of year deposit resources is significantly
diminished (such as crude oil, natural gas, gold, and nickel ore).

Warning about over exploitation of crude oil, bauxite and tin because
the ratio of end of year deposit resource to production is pretty low.

Net Domestic Product and net accumulated capital become different
from the conventional National Account aggregates due to the decrease
of produced assets and also the decrease of non-produced
(environmental) assets.
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3. MAIN CHALLENGES
Data availability
Unstandarized of measurement and concept
Data scatters in various institutions  Coordination needs to be enhanced
Insufficient knowledge
Knowledge gap among staff
Need technical assistance in improving existing environmental account &
toward the development of ecosystem account
Institutional Challenges
Need to strengthen capability of statistical institution
Need to create more awareness among stakeholders on the important of
facts-based decision making pertaining to environment related issues and
its impacts
Need statistical advocacy to recognize the importance of doing data
analysis and researches on ecosystem accounting
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4. PLANS FOR MOVING FORWARD
LOW CARBON AND LESS HARZARDOUS WASTE
SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
MAINTAIN NATURAL CARRYING CAPACITY
•Resource use & environmental efficiency (water &
energy productivity, waste & emission intensity)
•Production, employment & expenditure relating to
environmental activities
•Environmental taxes, subsidies & similar transfers
•Environmental assets & their role in the economy
We are here
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Join steering
committee
• Statistics Indonesia
• National Development
Planning Board
• Ministry of Environment,
Agric, Forestry, Fishery
• Geospatial Inf. Agency
Commitment among
stakeholders to develop
ecosystem data
sharing/warehousing
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Launch ecosystem
indicators partnership
Initiate research to
develop ecosystem
indicators
Ensure data availability
and quality
• Include more ecosystem
query in subject matter area
data compilations
• Improving data gathering
and reporting
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THANK YOU –TERIMA KASIH
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Summary of findings
Summary Indicators
(1)
2005
(2)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
2,774,281
3,339,217
3,950,893
4,948,688
5,603,871
6,422,918
Net Domestic Product (NDP)
2,635,567
3,172,256
3,753,349
4,701,254
5,323,678
6,101,772
NDP 1 (Adjusted Depletion)
2,463,798
3,001,153
3,563,258
4,445,758
5,096,554
5,853,609
NDP 2 (Adjusted Degradation)
2,387,568
2,938,677
3,512,459
4,376,011
4,958,569
5,786,724
88.81
89.88
90.19
89.84
90.95
91.14
86.06
88.00
88.90
88.43
88.48
90.09
NDP 1 x 100
GDP
NDP 2 x 100
GDP
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