UGANDA BUREAU OF STATISTCS
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS IMPROVEMENTS AND 2008
SNA IMPLEMENTATION STATUS – UGANDA CASE
Samuel Echoku – Uganda Bureau of Statistics
Outline of Presentation
Introduction
National Accounts data improvements
SNA 2008 Adoption Status
Rebasing challenges and future NAS improvements
Introduction
National Accounts production dates back to 1950
First publication was made in 1957 titled “The Geographical Income of
Uganda 1950-56
Second Publication made in 1961 titled “ The Gross Domestic Product of
Uganda 1954-56”
Between early 1970’s to 1988 the official statistical system almost came
to a complete collapse
From the late sixties to 1988 GDP measured at only constant prices
Between late sixties and 1988 (almost twenty years) the base period was
1966
Introduction Cont’d
Rejuvenation of the National Accounts System started with the
production of the 1989 and 1992 Input-Output Tables
The 1989 and 1992 input-output tables were then followed by the
2002 SUT
And now the 2009/10 SUT
In close to fifty years we’re now doing our fifth rebase of the
National Accounts,
This is our fourth rebase of National Accounts since 1988
The 1997/98 rebase had neither input-output tables nor SUT
benchmark. The major new data set at that time was only the
1997 UNHS.
Introduction Cont’d
Since 2002 rebase the bureau has adopted the recommended
Supply and Use Tables Approach for the base year benchmark
data.
Other major changes at the Bureau on NA include the publication
of the quarterly GDP which is now into its second year
NAS Improvement rebase Data
Trade and transport margins study
Non-Profit Institutions Survey
National Livestock Census – 2008
Uganda Census of Agriculture
Uganda National Household Survey 2009/10
Uganda Business Inquiry 2009/10
Income and Value Added Tax returns for 2009/10
Process Started with the development of the 2009/10 Supply and
Use Tables (SUT)
SNA 2008 Status in National
Accounts Rebase
Adopted SNA 2008 recommendations
Basic adjustments done towards SNA 2008 migration:
Reclassification of Uganda Business Inquiry (UBI), external trade,
VAT and other data sets into ISIC rev 4
development of the 2009/10 Supply and Use Tables (SUT)
In addition the UBI classified ancillary establishments according to
their own principal activity,1993 SNA treated it as an auxiliary unit
of the establishment it served
Extended financial services
consideration
In SNA 2008 financial services have been enlarged in consideration
of the increase in financial services other than the financial
intermediation, specifically financial risk management and liquidity
transformation.
We need to examine the gaps and assess the availability of data for
the sub-sectors of the financial corporation sector as follows:
i.
Central Bank
ii.
Deposit-taking corporations except the central bank,
iii.
Money market funds (MMFs),
iv.
Non-MMF investment funds,
v.
Other
financial
intermediaries
except
insurance
corporations and pension funds (ICPFs),
Extended financial services
consideration – cont’d
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
Financial auxiliaries,
Captive financial institutions and money lenders,
Insurance corporations (ICs) and
Pension funds (PFs). There are schemes currently in
operation beside NSSF some times they are done by
commercial banks. We need the data in order to
include them in the financial services
Central bank output
Central bank Output treatment
Services produced by the central bank are identified in three broad
groups,
i.
ii.
iii.
financial intermediation,
monetary policy services and
supervisory services - overseeing financial corporations.
For Uganda’s case we hope to retain the cost approach for
measuring the output of the central bank, reasons:
i.
The monetary services that represent non market production are the
core function on the Bank
ii.
Secondly the supervisory and financial intermediation services
operations cannot be isolated from the other operations of the
central bank in terms of intermediate consumption and value added
Central bank output
central bank Output treatment
i.
Borderline cases, such as supervisory services may be treated as
market or non-market services depending on whether explicit fees
are charged that are sufficient to cover the costs of providing such
services.
FISIM
UBOS follows the recommended 2008 SNA approach for computing
FISIM that is:
calculate the output of FISIM on loans (VL) and deposits (Vd)only,
using a reference rate (rr).
Assuming that these loans and deposits attract interest rates of rL
and rd respectively, the output of FISIM is calculated according to
the formula (rL - rr) VL + (rr - rd) Vd.
Only Loan disbursement is available by economic activity for the
purpose of FISIM allocation..
Question: is it in order to allocate FISIM based on loan
disbursement ?
Data on valuation of output for own
final use
Data on valuation of output for own final use by households and
corporations is conspicuously absent in the National Statistical
System (NSS). The coverage of the household surveys does not
include capital goods (that small tools such as knifes, sauce pans,
wheel barrows, canoes etc)
Costs for valuation of the output of goods and services produced for
own final use by households and corporations should partly be
based on the return to capital.
The Data on output of goods and services produced for own final
use by households and corporations should be captured through
surveys and census.
Data gaps towards inclusion of R&D in the asset boundary
1993 SNA treated output of research and development as
intermediate output, the 2008 SNA now treats it as capital formation.
Data is required on output of the R&D so that it is capitalized as
“intellectual property products”
•
Exception is when the activity does not entail any economic
benefit to its producer (assumed to be the owner) in which case
it is treated as intermediate consumption.
R&D valuation requires capturing all the output data from
economically beneficial research and development.
Question –
• How do we obtain this data especially when it is a subsidiary
function?
•
How is the valuation done by the source?
Other data issues in asset
boundary expansion
The SNA 2008 extends the assets boundary and government GCF to
include expenditure on weapon systems
We did not implement the 1993 SNA treatment as gross fixed capital
formation of all expenditures by the military on fixed assets of a kind
that could be used for civilian purposes of production.
The Bureau will require data on purchase of military weapon systems
that are seen to be used continuously in the production of defence
services, even if their peacetime use is simply to provide deterrence.
Other data issues in asset
boundary expansion
The data should be disaggregated into military weapon systems for
continuous use and for single use because, Single-use items, such as
ammunition, missiles, rockets, bombs, etc., delivered by weapons or
weapons systems are treated as military inventories
military weapons, and vehicles and equipment whose sole purpose
was to launch or deliver such weapons, were not treated as gross fixed
capital formation but as intermediate consumption.
The data readily available is not be disaggregated enough to serve the
requirements above.
Assets classification to consider
Within buildings and structures, a category has been added for land
improvements. This replaces the 1993 SNA term "major
improvements to non-produced non-financial assets". The costs of
ownership transfer on all land are to be included with land
improvements.
The information, computer and telecommunications (ICT) equipment
has been included as a new category under machinery and
equipment,
Weapon systems are recognized as produced assts and classified
separately,
The term "intangible fixed assets" has been renamed as "intellectual
property products". The word "products" is included to make clear
that it does not include third party rights which are non-produced
assets in the SNA,
R&D products are included within intellectual property products.
Rebasing challenges and
proposed future improvements
Some SUT development and
rebasing challenges
the UNHS has no provision for capturing data on the production of
own account capital goods that would feed into capital formation.
Classified nature of military expenditure made it had to access the
data,
the process of isolating the consumed military equipment from the
component of capital accumulation requires detailed data
Informal nature of a big chunk of the economy complicates the
process of developing institutional accounts.
Separation of the activities of the head office as recommended in
the SNA 2008 could not be done because the data was not
separated from the establishment data
Some recommendations for
future Improvements
Establishment
Surveys
of
continuous
Trade
in
Services
Development of the data sources from within the
bureau and other MDA.
Increase the staff levels to meet the work load
currently only 5 permanent staff
Increase strategic training of the staff so that they can
be able to handle the associated tasks.
Compute government consumption of fixed capital
Some recommended future
Improvements
Increased use of the income and VAT tax data for the large
and formal enterprises data needs
Need to establish and strengthen annual agricultural
surveys, forestry surveys (planted forests inclusive) and
fishing (including aquaculture)
Conduct censuses or surveys of fruit trees currently not
captured in the production side and GFCF as
recommended in the SNA 2008
Steps should be taken to ensure the central bank data
(including BOP, monetary statistics and other financial
institutions statistics) and GFS adequately serve the
needs of National Accounts
Thank You
For listening