PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
IN TURKEY
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
Contents
1-GDP Estimates
2-Revisions
3-Major Improvements
4-SNA Revision
5- Implementation process in Turkey
6- Main changes and actions to be taken
TurkStat
TurkStat
PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
GDP Estimates
•
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Turkey had been started
to calculate after the foundation of Central Statistical
Office.
•
Calculation of GDP are based on quarterly and annual data
compiled by short term and annual surveys conducted by
TurkStat.
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
GDP Estimates
Gross Domestic Product is estimated
expenditure and income approaches.
by
production,
The system consists of the following elements:
•
Value added by kind of economic activity at current and
constant prices,
•
•
Expenditure on GDP at current and constant prices,
GDP by cost components at current
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TurkStat
TurkStat
PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
Revisions
• Definitions, classifications and other methodological
improvements,
• Improvements in data sources,
• Improvements in data collection.
Historical revisions of Turkish National Accounts
• Base Year 1948 (Published in 1950)
• Base Year 1968 (Published in 1972)
• Base Year 1987 (Published in 1993)
• Base Year 1998 (Published in 2008)
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
Major Improvements
• Improvements to the commodity flow system
– The identification of goods used in intermediate consumption,
investment and household consumption was improved.
• Improvements in the methodology
– Some changes to concepts and definitions and calculating value
added at basic prices were introduced.
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
Major Improvements
• Improved Supply and Use tables for 2002, basis for benchmark
year
– The 2002 Supply-Use and Input-Output Tables were the first tables
compiled by the concepts, definitions and classifications of the ESA-95
• Financial Services
– Measurement of FISIM according to ESA 95 was applied.
– A portion of FISIM was allocated to final consumption.
– A portion of FISIM was allocated to intermediate consumption in GDP
by production approach.
– Measurement of Central Bank output was developed
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
Major Improvements
• Adoption of chain-linking method in constant price
estimation
– Chain-linking method in constant price estimation was adopted
– Unit value indices at constant price estimation of exports/imports of
goods were applied.
• Measurement at basic prices (GDP by Production
Approach)
– The VAT (and other taxes and subsidies on products) are now
shown as a separate component of GDP.
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
Major Improvements
• Classification systems based on ESA 95 and other
international standards
– New classification of industries (NACE) and private household
consumption (COICOP) are used.
– Reclassification of some components of GDP by industries is used.
• Final Consumption Expenditure of Households is given in
detail.
• Estimates for the non-observed economy were recalculated
using more detailed data.
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
SNA Revision
• The SNA is a statistical framework that details a set of
macroeconomic accounts.
• SNA-2008 serves as an update to The System of National
Accounts, 1993 (SNA-93).
• Revision at international level was followed by the
revision at European level (ESA-1995 to ESA-2010).
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
SNA Revision
The aims of the revision
• To update of the system to better meet the economic
development
• Smooth transition from previous system with not introducing
fundamental and extensive changes
• Harmonization with related handbooks
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
Implementation process in Turkey
• Questionnaires will be changed and developed according
to the requirements for implementation,
• To achieve the objectives in the implementation of new
SNA, TURKSTAT will pursue a general policy,
•
A detailed description of sources and methods of
compilation GDP will be prepared,
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
Implementation process in Turkey
• Institutional sector accounts will be prepared,
• Changeover to the new classifications for annual and
quarterly data will be realized,
• Backcasting of annual and quarterly GDP series will be
realized,
• Non-observed economy estimates will be improved,
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
Implementation process in Turkey
• Quarterly sector accounts will be developed,
• SUT and IOT tables will be compiled more frequently,
• National accounts database will be developed,
• Close cooperation with stakeholders will be improved,
• Number of trainings will be increased,
• Some projects have been proposed to Eurostat.
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
Main changes and actions to be taken
The main the main changes in SNA-08 with respect to SNA93 can be classified in 5 sections as
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Assets
Financial sector
Globalization
General government and public sector
Informal sector
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
Main changes and actions to be taken
Assets
• The changes by treatment of natural resources and licenses and
leases will be studied.
• Expenditures for weapon systems treated as capital formation and
assets will be investigated but is difficult to implement in short or
medium term.
• The concept of capital services is being investigated
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
Main changes and actions to be taken
Financial Sector
• Changes in treatment of financial derivatives and non-performing loans is
being investigated;
• Refined method of measurement of FISIM is being studied.
Globalization
• Clearly defined guidelines for the treatment of companies and units
operating in more countries is being investigated;
• Treatment of remittances from the movements of persons abroad is being
studied;
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
Main changes and actions to be taken
Globalization
• Recording according to principle of change in ownership of goods will be
investigated. The main issues are:
– Difficulty in obtaining source data
– Difficulty in distinguishing goods for processing from other goods in
external trade
– Treatment in supply and use table
• Recording of goods for processing and merchanting will be changed.
There are some issues raised, including:
– Lack of appropriate source data
– Difficulty with the conceptual notion of negative export
– Difficulty with coordination of balance of payment areas
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
Main changes and actions to be taken
General Government and Public Sector
• Additionally defined and clarified numerous principles due to
changes of operations and in accounting standards are being
investigated;
• Delineation of general government and public sector from other
sectors will be applied;
Informal Sector
• Informal sector and non-observed economy estimates will be
improved
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
Main changes and actions to be taken
• SNA-08 (ESA-2010) will be implemented in a medium or
long term in TurkStat.
• TurkStat plans to implement these changes and publish data in
2015. As a result of:
– Resource constraints
– Data limitations
– Methodological constraints
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PRIME MINISTRY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
TurkStat
TurkStat
Thank you...
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