Mongolia country experience
Gender Equality Monograph
based on the 2010 Population and Housing
Census
Ms.Tsogzolmaa, Analyst
Ms. Lkhagvadulam, Analyst
NSO of Mongolia
2013.04.19
CONTENTS
• Brief about censuses in Mongolia
• Main analysis of census results on gender
perspective:
–
–
–
–
Changes in age and sex composition
Gender disparities in households and families
Gender disparities in internal migration
Education and school enrollment
SEX RATIO
1390.8
1363.9
2010
1195.5
1178.0
2000
1023.3
1020.7
1989
796.1
798.9
1979
600.2
597.4
1969
1963
1956
425.2
420.3
2044.0 thous
Two millionth citizen of Mongolia was born in 1988.
1595.0 thous
Average annual
population growth
rate was 2.9 during
these years, highest in
the 20th century.
1197.6 thous
1017.1 thous
One millionth citizen of Mongolia was born in 1962.
845.5 thous
98.8
1944
95.7
1935
367.4
370.8
100.9
317.3
330.2
99.7
99.8
387.8
371.3
1918
2754.7 thous
2373.5 thous
98.5
100.3
99.4
509.1
508.0
98.1
Average annual
population growth
rate was 0.3 during
war years, lowest in
the 20th century.
754.2 thous
738.2 thous
104.1
647.5 thous
Female
Male
6th out of 14 monographs based on the
2010 PHC
• Done by external researchers;
• 2nd monograph on Gender
Equality based on census
results;
• Objectives:
• Monitor and assess the
implementation of the
National Programme for
Gender Equality ;
• Capture gender disparity in
the population age, sex
composition, households and
families, education and
employment;
Population, births and deaths, by sex, by
census years
Population (thous.)
Births
Censuses
Male
Female
Total
Total
2754.7
1363.9
1390.8
98.1
Resident
2647.5
1314.0
1333.6
98.5
Abroad
107.1
50.0
57.2
87.4
2000
2373.5
1178.0
1195.5
1989
2044.0
1020.7
1979
1594.4
1969
2010
Sex ratio
Male Female at birth Total
Sex ratio
Total
Deaths
63 270 32 299 30 971
Sex ratio
Male Female at death
104.3 18 293 10 781
7 512
143.5
98.5 48 721 24 832 23 889
103.9 15 472
8 683
6 789
127.9
1023.3
99.7 73 593 37 591 36 002
104.4 17 000
9 421
7 579
124.3
798.3
796.1
100.3 60 233 30 826 29 407
104.8 15 375
8 333
7 042
118.3
1188.3
592.3
596.0
99.4 46 849 23 753 23 096
102.8 13 905
7 342
6 563
111.9
1963
1017.2
508.0
509.1
99.8 40 250 19 813 20 437
96.9 12 168
6 218
5 950
104.5
1956
845.5
420.3
425.2
98.8 26 825 13 807 13 018
106.1 10 573
5 224
5 349
97.7
1944
759.1
371.3
387.8
95.7
-
-
-
-
1935
738.2
370.8
105.6 12 083
6 006
6 077
98.8
1918
647.5
330.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
367.4
100.9 13 700
7 037
6 663
317.3
104.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
Population age sex pyramid 2000, 2010
75+
70-74
Female
Male
65-69
60-64
2000
55-59
2010
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
0
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
Key indicators for population age and
sex composition
Indicators
Total
Share of population
0-14
28.0
15-64
68.1
65+
3.8
Total
100.0
2010
Male
Female
Total
2000
Male
Female
Total
Change
Male
Female
28.7
68.1
3.3
100.0
27.4
68.2
4.4
100.0
35.8
60.8
3.5
100.0
36.3
60.8
2.9
100.0
35.2
60.8
4.0
100.0
-7.8
7.4
0.4
-
-7.7
7.3
0.3
-
-7.9
7.4
0.4
-
Dependency ratio
0-14
65+
Total
41.1
5.6
46.7
42.1
4.8
46.9
40.1
6.5
46.6
58.9
5.7
64.6
59.8
4.8
64.6
57.9
6.6
64.5
-17.8
0.0
-17.8
-17.7
0.0
-17.7
-17.8
-0.1
-17.9
Median age
25.7
25.1
26.2
21.6
21.2
22.0
4.1
3.9
4.2
Agean index
60+
65+
20.4
13.7
17.2
11.3
23.7
16.2
14.6
9.7
12.8
8.0
16.5
11.4
5.7
4.1
4.4
3.3
7.2
4.8
Population sex ratio, by age groups,
2000, 2010
0-4
110.0
75+
5-9
100.0
10-14
90.0
80.0
70-74
15-19
70.0
60.0
65-69
20-24
50.0
60-64
2010
2000
25-29
2010
55-59
30-34
50-54
35-39
45-49
40-44
Difference between male and female life expectancy at birth was
5.7 years in 2000, however, it has increased to 7.3 years in 2010.
Sex ratio of urban and rural population, by
age groups, 2000, 2010
Urban
Rural
110.0
140.0
130.0
100.0
2000
90.0
120.0
2010
110.0
2010
100.0
80.0
2000
90.0
70.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
60.0
50.0
50.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Sex ratio of urban population reached 94.4 in 2010, down by 1.2
pp since 2000, whereas, sex ratio of rural population reached 108,
up by 5.4 pp.
Difference between number of urban and
rural population, by age groups
Urban
75+
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
8 000
Rural
Female
Male
2000
2010
3 000
2 000
7 000
12 000
75+
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
Male
Female
2000
2010
10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000
0
2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000
In 2000, females outnumbered males by 21.8 thousand in urban
areas, which has increased 1.7 times in 2010.
In rural areas, males outnumbered females by 12.8 thousand in
2000 and it has increased 2.5 times between 2000-2010.
Number and percentage of households,
by sex of head of HH and types of HH
Number
Percentage
Variables
Total
Total
Male
Female
Total
Single
Male
Female
Total
Nuclear
Male
Female
Total
Extended Male
Female
Total
Composite Male
Female
2000
541 149
452 704
88 445
35 410
21 177
14 233
340 590
302 713
37 877
150 431
117 210
33 221
14 718
11 604
3 114
2010
713 780
560 224
153 556
75 917
42 278
33 639
445 048
380 296
64 752
177 898
127 071
50 827
14 917
10 579
4 338
2000
100.0
83.7
16.3
100.0
59.8
40.2
100.0
88.9
11.1
100.0
77.9
22.1
100.0
78.8
21.2
2010
100.0
78.5
21.5
100.0
55.7
44.3
100.0
85.5
14.5
100.0
71.4
28.6
100.0
70.9
29.1
2010/2000
(%)
31.9
23.8
73.6
114.4
99.6
136.3
30.7
25.6
71.0
18.3
8.4
53.0
1.4
-8.8
39.3
Single parent households, by residence,
2000, 2010
National total
75+
Urban
Male
Female
70-74
75+
Rural
Female
Male
75+ Male
70-74
65-69
2000
60-64
65-69
65-69
60-64
2010 55-59
60-64
55-59
50-54
50-54
50-54
45-49
45-49
45-49
40-44
40-44
40-44
35-39
35-39
35-39
30-34
30-34
25-29
55-59
30-34
25-29
25-29
20-24
20-24
20-24
15-19
5 000
0
5 000
10 000
15-19
15 000
5 000
Female
70-74
15-19
0
5 000
2 000
10 000
1 000
0
1 000
There were increases in the number of single parent households in all
age groups, particularly in the age group 40-54.
2 000
3 000
Percentage of single parent families, by employment
status and residence, 2000, 2010
Male headed single parent
2010
families
Total
Urban
Rural
37.9
62.1
34.7
65.3
44.5
Urban
Rural
39.8
33.8
Unemployed
55.5
47.4
60.2
66.2
52.6
Total
43.2
56.8
Urban
43.3
56.7
Rural
42.8
57.2
Employed
Male headed single parent
families
2000
Total
Female headed single
parent families
Employed
Female headed single parent
families
Total
43.5
56.5
Urban
41.2
58.8
Unemployed
Rural
47.4
52.6
Number of Migrants by sex ratio, timing of
migration, and thousand persons, 2000, 2010
2000
2010
Lifetime
1 097.6
SR=106.0
610.7
SR=109.6
181.4
SR=101.9
79.0
SR=118.8
Five year
migration
One year
migration
317.7
SR=102.0
114.2
SR=114.8
In 2000, 47.7 percent of lifetime migrants were female, while this
percentage has slightly increased to 48.5 percent in 2010.
Differences between male and female migrants
who migrated for over a year in urban and
rural areas, by age groups, 2010
65+
60-64
Female
Male
55-59
Urban
50-54
Rural
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
Difference in number of males and females who born in
or migrated to current aimag and capital, 2000, 2010
2010
Male
Foreign
Gobisumber
Orkhon
Darkhan-Uul
Umnugobi
Bayan-Ulgii
Dundgobi
Selenge
Bulgan
Sukhbaatar
Khentii
Dornogobi
Uvs
Bayankhongor
Tuv
Dornod
Ulaanbaatar
Khovd
Gobi-Altai
Uvurkhangai
Zavkhan
Arkhangai
Khuvsgul
4 000
Female
2000
Male
8 123
Female
8 913
37 796
Born
Currently
residing
Born
Currently
residnig
3 000
2 000
3 578
1 000
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
21 785
1 000
0
1 000
6 629
2 000
3 000
Foreign
Orkhon
Darkhan-Uul
Uvs
Bayan-Ulgii
Gobisumber
Zavkhan
Dundgobi
Selenge
Sukhbaatar
Khentii
Khovd
Umnugobi
Tuv
Bayankhongor
Bulgan
Arkhangai
Dornogobi
Uvurkhangai
Dornod
Gobi-Altai
Khuvsgul
Ulaanbaatar
4 000
Number of aimags with non-migrant males has increased between two
censuses. More females now live in urban areas.
Economic activity of population aged 15 and above,
by migration status, sex, and percentage, 2010
56%
44%
Total
50%
50%
61%
63%
50%
50%
37%
50%
62%
65%
39%
65%
38%
Economically
active
(SR=121.5)
61%
57%
50%
35%
39%
43%
35%
Economically
inactive
(SR=71.8)
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
Total
Lifetime
Moved in
5 year
1 year
Males are more economically active than females, especially among
recent migrants.
Age and sex pyramid of children dropped out
of school, 2010
Male
Female
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
2 500
1 500
500
500
1 500
2 500
63 percent of school dropouts was among boys and 37 percent among
girls.
Number of children aged 6-15 dropped out of school, by
sex and regions, 2010
3 500
Male
3 000
Female
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
Western
Khangai
Central
More boys drop out of school in all regions.
Eastern
Ulaanbaatar
Educational levels of population aged 15 and above,
by sex, and percentage, 2010
Doctorate
Master
0.2
0.2
2.0
1.4
Female
Male
22.5
High education
Specialized
secondary
Vocational
16.5
8.0
5.4
3.0
3.6
37.1
38.1
Secondary
17.2
Basic
Primary
23.1
9.9
11.7
More women have higher education. More men have lower educational
attainment.
Population aged 15 and above acquiring education
higher than specialized secondary, by age groups
50.0
45.0
Male
2000
40.0
35.0
Female
2000
30.0
25.0
20.0
Female
2010
15.0
10.0
Male
2010
5.0
0.0
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60+
Higher education attainment of women than men may influence the
decline in fertility and growing tendency for women to be independent
from men.
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ATTENTION
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26th Population Census Conference
Organized by the Association of National
Census and Statistics Directors of
America, Asia and Pacific
www.ANCSDAAP.org
Hosted by the NSO Mongolia
Date: June 26-28, 2013
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Theme: Census Analysis and Dissemination
Welcome to Mongolia