Population and Housing
Census of Bhutan-2005
RESULT
HIGHLIGHTS
Office of the Census Commissioner
Langjophakha, Thimphu, Bhutan
Census Enumeration
• Census Enumeration Day on 30th and 31st May, 2005
• De facto method: includes all persons physically
found and present in an area at the reference time
of census enumeration.
• The Census Method based on the UN Principles and
Recommendations;
• The census included all persons irrespective of
nationality within the geographical boundary of
Bhutan.
Total Population
• Total Population
=634,982
• Male
• Female
=333,595
=301,387
• Urban
• Rural
=196,111
=438,871
• Floating Popn.
• Total Popn. Including Floating Population
= 37,443
=672,425
Population by Dzongkhag
Dzongkhag
Population
Percent
Bumthang
16,116
2.5
Chhukha
74,387
11.7
Dagana
18,222
2.9
3,116
0.5
Ha
11,648
1.8
Lhuentse
15,395
2.4
Monggar
37,069
5.8
Paro
36,433
5.7
Pemagatshel
13,864
2.2
Punakha
17,715
2.8
Samdrupjonkhar
39,961
6.3
Samtse
60,100
9.5
Sarpang
41,549
6.5
Thimphu
98,676
15.5
Trashigang
51,134
8.1
Trashiyangtse
17,740
2.8
Trongsa
13,419
2.1
Tsirang
18,667
2.9
Wangdue
31,135
4.9
Zhemgang
18,636
2.9
634,982
100
Gasa
All Dzongkhag
0.0
2.9
Zhemgang
Wangdue
Tsirang
2.8
Trongsa
2.8
Trashiyangtse
Trashigang
16.0
Thimphu
6.3
Sarpang
5.8 5.7
Samtse
8.0
Samdrupjongkhar
2.2
Punakha
2.4
Pemagatshel
Paro
1.8
Monggar
2.9
Lhuentse
Ha
Gasa
2.5
Dagana
12.0
Chhukha
4.0
Bumthang
Percent distribution of population across dzongkhags
20.0
15.5
11.7
9.5
8.1
6.5
4.9
2.1
2.9
0.5
Single Age Pyramid
Female
Male
No of Persons
Population Pyramid
Population pyramid by age & sex, Bhutan 2005
75 +
70-74
65-69
Male
60-64
Female
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
Percent of population
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
Population by Sex
Sex
Persons
Percent
Male
333,595
52.54
Female
301,387
47.46
Total
634982
100
52.5%
Male
47.5%
Female
Population by Area Residence
Area of Residence
Persons
Percent
Urban
196111
30.9
Rural
438871
69.1
Total
634,982
100.0
69.1%
30.9%
Urban
Rural
Zhemgang
Wangdue
Tsirang
Trongsa
Trashiyangtse
Trashigang
Thimphu
Sarpang
Samtse
Samdrupjongkhar
Urban
Punakha
Pemagatshel
Paro
Monggar
Lhuentse
Ha
Gasa
Dagana
Chhukha
Bumthang
Dzongkhag Population by Area of Residence
120.0
Rural
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
Three Most Populated Dzongkhags in Bhutan
Population (in persons & Percent)
120,000
100,000
16
80,000
12
10
60,000
98,676
40,000
74,387
60,100
20,000
0
Thim phu
Chhukha
Dzongkhag
Sam tse
Three Least Populated Dzongkhag in
Bhutan
Population (in persons & percent)
16,000
14,000
2.1
12,000
1.8
10,000
8,000
13,419
6,000
11,648
4,000
0.5
2,000
3,116
0
Gasa
Ha
Dzongkhag
Trongsa
Five Most Populated Urban Areas
90000
79,185
75000
45000
30000
20,537
9,199
15000
6,714
5952
Name of Dzongkhags
S/Jongkhar
Wangdue
Gelephu
Phuentsholing
0
Thimphu
Population in Numbers
60000
Population Density
Population Density = 16.36
Population Density
60
54
40
40
40
30
5
6
Bumthang
Dzongkhag
1
Lhuentse
Chhukha
0
Samtse
10
Gasa
20
Thimphu
Persons per sq. km
50
Spoken Language at Home (5yrs +)
Language
Dzongkha
Sharchhopkha
Lhotshamkha
Others
Foreign
Language
Percent
24
28
22
19
7
Others
19%
Dzongkha
24%
Foreign
Language
7%
Lhotsham
22%
Total Population 5yrs +
Sharchhop
28%
572597
90.18% of the Total Population
Religion
Religion
Persons
Percent
Buddhist
477898
75.3
Hindus
140323
22.1
Others
16761
2.6
Total
634982
100
Religion
Buddhists
Hindus
Others
477898
75%
140323
22%
16761
3%
Marital Status
Marital Status
Persons
Percent
Single
217054
43.2
Married
257502
51.3
Widowed
17531
3.5
Divorced
6929
1.4
Separated
2297
0.5
717
0.1
Living together
300000
Population (in persons &
Percent)
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
Single
Married
Widow ed
Divorced
Marital Status
Separated
Living
together
Dependency & Aging
Sex Ratio at birth(males to 100 females)
= 101
Overall Sex Ratio
= 111
Total dependency ratio
= 61 %
Child dependency ratio
= 53 %
Old dependency ratio
=
Aging index(lderly per 100 childre)
= 14
Median age of population
= 22
8%
MIGRATIION
In-migration & out-migration
Life-time inmigration
Life time outmigration
Net migration
Thimphu
54,685
14,915
39,770
Chhukha
24,951
9,471
15,480
Sarpang
17,997
12,252
5,745
Trashigang
7,105
23,802
-16,697
Zhemgang
3,519
12,028
-8,509
Monggar
5,418
12,871
-7,453
Dzongkhag
In-migration & out-migration
Urban-Rural migration
• Urban – Rural
• Rural – Urban
= 19,992 persons
= 111,770 persons
• Net Migration (Urban)
= 91,778
Population outside Bhutan
Total Persons
Sex
8979
Male
Female
6424
2559
Number of Persons Outside Bhutan
6905
7000
Population in Numbers
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
183
222
495
354
820
0
Australia Thailand
Nepal
USA
Countries
Others
India
EDUCATION
Literacy Rate by Residence and Sex (6 yrs +)
Total persons
Literate
Illiterate
Male
Female
= 558,522
= 332,194 (59.5 %)
= 226,328 (40.5 %)
Urban
Literate =203,868 (69.1%)
Illiterate =91,123 (30.9%)
Literate
Illiterate
Rural
=128,326 (48.7%)
=135,203 (51.3%)
Literate
Illiterate
=131,387 (75.9%)
=41,643 (24.1%)
Literate
Illiterate
=200,807 (52.1%)
=184,685 (47.9%)
Pe rc e nt lit e ra t e a nd illit e ra t e b y re s id e nc e a nd
sex
Literate
Illiterate
75.9
80
70
69.1
59.5
52.1
60
50
48.7 51.3
47.9
40.5
30.9
40
24.1
30
20
10
0
B huta n
Urba n
R ura l
M a le
F e m a le
Literate population by Sex
Sex
Persons
Percent
Male
203,868
61.4
Female
128,326
38.6
Total
332,194
100.0
70
61.4
60
50
38.6
40
30
20
10
0
Male
Female
Literacy Rate by Area and Sex
70
60
50
62.7
59.3
40.7
37.3
40
30
20
10
0
Urban
Rural
Male Female
54.8 54.6 56.3
All Dzongkhags
Zhemgang
59.7
Wangdue
55.6 55.0
Tsirang
Trongsa
Trashiyangtse
54.6
57.8
Trashigang
80.0
Thimphu
60.8
Sarpang
50.2
Samtse
Samdrupjongkhar
46.8
58.3
Punakha
55.0
Pemagatshel
62.4
Paro
51.3
Monggar
63.1
Lhuentse
66.2
Haa
Gasa
60.0
Dagana
Chhukha
Bumthang
Literacy Rate by Dzongkhag
73.3
64.7
59.5
50.2
40.0
20.0
0.0
Distribution of Urban Literate Population
45.00
40.0
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
17.4
20.00
15.00
3.6
1.9
Zhemgang
Tsirang
Trongsa
Trashigang
Thimphu
Sarpang
Samtse
Samdrupjongkhar
Punakha
Pemagatshel
Paro
1.6 1.4 0.8
Wangdue
3.7
1.5 1.2 1.4
Monggar
Lhuentse
Haa
Gasa
Dagana
1.2 0.2 1.4 0.8
Chhukha
0.00
2.1
Bumthang
5.00
6.0
4.9 5.1
3.8
Trashiyangtse
10.00
0.0
3.9
2.6
Zhemgang
5.7
Wangdue
Tsirang
2.7
3.2
Trongsa
3.8
Trashiyangtse
9.8
Trashigang
6.5
Thimphu
5.6
6.3
Sarpang
9.6
Samtse
8.0
Samdrupjongkhar
2.3
Punakha
3.2
Pemagatshel
9.3
Paro
Monggar
3.3
Lhuentse
Haa
Gasa
3.4
Dagana
Chhukha
4.0
Bumthang
Distribution of Rural Literate Population
12.0
10.0
5.1
3.4
0.5
HEALTH
Fertility
Number of Live Births
Total Fertility Rate
=12,538
= 2.6
Total births past 1 year by sex
4500
Live births
4000
3500
Male
3000
Female
2500
Total
2000
1500
1000
500
0
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
Age group of mother
40 - 44
45 - 49
Mortality
Crude Mortality Rate (CMR) per 1000 live birth
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) per 1000 live birth
Number of Deaths
1000
Figure 5.8: Number of deaths for different age groups
900
800
700
Male
Female
Both sex
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Age in years
= 21.4
= 40.1
=4,498
Population growth
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
= 20
Crude Death Rate(CDR)
= 7
Natural Growth Rate
= 1.3%
Migration rate
= 2.0%
Overall Growth Rate
= 3.3%
Delivery Attended by Health Personnels
100.0
100
90
80
70
50.3
49.7
60
49.1
50
50.9
40
30
24
25
26.2
24.7
20
Both attendance
10
Not attended
0
Male
Attended
Female
Both sex
Main Source of Drinking Water
•
- Piped water within house
- Piped water outside house
- Spring river pond
= 28,615 (22.7%)
= 77,529 (61.5%)
= 18,054 (14.3%)
F igure 8.6: P e rc e nt o f ho us e ho lds by driking wa te r fa c ilitie s
Pip ed wat er wit hin ho us e
80
Pip ed wat er o ut s id e ho us e
70
Sp ring / river/ p o nd
60
Ot hers
50
40
30
20
10
0
Urba n
R ura l
Sanitation
Toilet facilities
- Independent flush toilet inside house
- Pit latrine
- Independent flush toilet outside house
- No toilet facilities
= 23,338 (18.5%)
= 62,806 (49.8%)
=12,036 (9.5%)
= 12,747 (10.1%)
Percent of households
by type of toilet facilities
N o t oi l e t f a c i l i t y ,
10. 1
Ot he r s , 0 . 7
I nde pe nde nt f l us h
t oi l e t i ns i de hous e ,
18. 5
I nde pe nde nt f l us h
t oi l e t out s i de hous e ,
9. 5
Sh a r e d f l u s h t o i l e t
out s i ds hous e , 7 . 7
V I D P l a t r i ne out s i ds
hous e , 3 . 2
P i t l a t r i ne , 4 9 . 8
Long dr op l a t r i ne
i ns i de hous e , 0 . 5
Visit to health facility
•
Number of Households Who visited a health facility in the past
one year:
- Yes
= 113,342 (89.9%)
- No
= 12,773 (10.1%)
120,000
113,342
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
12,773
20,000
0
Yes
No
Reasons for not visiting health facility
- Not ill (no need)
= 9,754 hhlds (76.4%)
- Too far
= 1,590 hhlds (12.4%)
- Prefer home treatment = 405 (3.2%)
Disability
Disability
Cases
Percent
Seeing
5906
23.5
Speaking
4479
17.8
Hearing
8985
35.7
Moving
4370
17.4
Mental
1394
5.5
Disabilities
Population (percent & persons)
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Seeing
Speaking
Hearing
Moving
Types of Disabilities
Mental
Disability by Age Group
LABOR &
EMPLOYMENT
Labor & employment (age 15 and over)
Total labor force
Economically active
Economically inactive
= 425,023 persons
= 256,895 persons
= 168,123 persons
Economically active
Employed
Unemployed
= 249,030 (96.9%)
= 7,865 ( 3.1%)
Percent of economically active & inactive population
70.0
Male
63.5
61.3
60.6
Female
60.0
50.0
40.0
36.5
39.4
38.7
30.0
20.0
10.0
Employed
Unemployed
Economically Inactive
Employment Status
Percent Employed & Unemployed by Sex and Area
96.4
92.4
97.4
97.9
97.1
96.7
Employed
3.6
7.6
2.6
2.1
Urban Male Urban Female Rural Male Rural Female
2.9
3.3
Male
Both areas
Female
Unemployed
Sector of Employment
Agricult
ure
Mining
/Quarri
ng
Manu
factur
ing
Electric
ity/gas/
water
Construct
ion
Retail/
Whole
sale
Trade
43.62
1.14
1.96
1.65
12.40
2.71
Hot
el/R
esta
uran
t
Transp
ort/Co
mmuni
cation
Financ
e/Insu
rance
Public
admini
stratio
n/secu
rity
1.61
3.24
0.92
7.02
Educati
on
3.15
Healt
h
servi
ces
Others
(Not
classifie
d
above)
1.01
19.57
Employment Status 18 years and above
120
100
98.2
96.6
97.7
80
60
40
20
3.4
2.3
1.8
Urban
Rural
Unemployed
Employed
Unemployed
Employed
Unemployed
Employed
0
Both Areas
HOUSEHOLD &
HOUSING
CHARACTERISTICS
Type of Household
Number of regular households
Average persons per household
Type Households
Regular
Institutional
Transient Population
100
= 126,115
= 4.6 persons
Population (in numbers)
Percent
580,336
91.49
45,744
7.2
8,902
1.4
91.49
80
60
40
20
7.2
1.4
0
Regular
Institutional
Transient
Head of Household
Households
Percent
Male Headed
71.8
Female Headed
28.2
28.2%
71.8%
Male Headed
Female Headed
Head of the Household by Dzongkhag
House Occupancy Status
80,000
70
70,000
60
50
50,000
40
40,000
30
30,000
20
20,000
10
10,000
0
Total Households
Percent
0
Owner
Occupied
Rented
housing
Rent free
housing
Others
74,508
28,296
21,332
1,979
59
22.4
16.9
1.6
Percent
Number of Housholds
60,000
Roof Material
• Roof material for housing
– CGI/ metal roof
– Shingles/wood
– Bamboo roof
65.4
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
Bamboo
Straw/
leaves
Wood
0.5
1.2
2.9
Others
6.8
Slate
3.1
Mud
0.0
7.6
CGI/ Metal
10.0
12.6
Concrete/
brick/ stone
•
= 82,432 hholds (65.4%)
= 15,852 hhlds (12.6%)
= 8,539 hhlds (6.8%)
Roof material by Residence
100.0
83.2
80.0
Concret e/ brick/ st one
CGI/ Met al
57.6
60.0
Mud
Wood
St raw/ leaves
40.0
Bamboo
Slat e
20.0
Ot hers
0.0
Urban
Rural
Wall Material
–
–
–
–
Concrete/brick/stone
Mud wall
Wood wall
Bamboo wall
50.0
=
=
=
=
57,351
26,603
19,581
15,994
hhlds
hhlds
hhlds
hhlds
(45.5%)
(21.1%)
(15.5%)
(12.7%)
45.5
40.0
30.0
21.1
20.0
15.5
12.7
10.0
Bamboo
Straw/
leaves
Wood
Others
2.1
0.3
Mud
Concrete/
brick/ stone
0.0
CGI/ Metal
2.8
Wall Material by Residence
70
60
Concrete/ brick/ stone
CGI/ M etal
M ud
Wood
Straw/ leaves
Bamboo
Others
50
40
30
20
10
0
Urban
Rural
Major Source of Cooking Fuel
Source
Households
Percent
Electricity
56615
30.6%
Firewood
69013
37.3%
LPG
47375
25.6%
Percent ho useho ld s b y so urce o f co o k ing f uel
37.3
40
30.6
30
25.6
20
10
6.1
0.4
So lar and
o t her
users
LP G users
Firew o o d
users
Kero sene
users
Elect ricit y
users
0
Major Source of Lighting
Source
Households
Percent
Electricity
72,063
57.1
Kerosene
46,064
36.5
80000
72063
70000
60000
46064
50000
40000
30000
3284
3195
Solar
10000
Firewood
20000
122
169
382
836
Others
Candle
Personal
Generator
LPG
Kerosene
Electricity
0
Communication and Media Facilities
Facilities
Househo
lds
Radio/tape player
83,183
TV/Video
35,420
Telephone
21,597
Mobile
phone
13,703
Computer
3,219
Internet
1,564
Ownership of Assets
Assets
Households
Land/plot
House/
building
81,392
61,507
Livestock
Business
Vehicle
51,908
7,558
12,764
Fridge
19,175
Washing
machine
4,598
Machinery
3,220
Households Walking Distance from Motor Road
Time Taken
Households
Percent
Less than 1 hr
89088
70.6
Within 1-4 hrs
18635
14.8
4 hrs or more
18392
14.6
90000
70.6
80000
70000
60000
50000
89088
40000
30000
20000
10000
14.8
14.6
18635
18392
0
Less than 1 hr
Within 1-4 hrs
Households
Percent
4 hrs or more
Happiness at the National Level
Not very happy
3%
Very happy
45%
Happy
52%
State of Happiness
Not Very Happy
Happy
Very Happy
Urban
1034
21,191
16,086
Rural
3094
43,849
40,861
Bhutan
4128
65,040
56,947
Happines by Area of Residence
55.3
60
50
46.5
51.6
49.9
45.2
42.0
40
30
20
Urban
Rural
Not
very
3.3
Happy
Not
very
Happy
Very
happy
Not
very
Happy
Very
happy
0
3.5
2.7
Very
happy
10
Both areas
KADIN CHHEY