Chapter 4 Rocks
What is a ________?
 It is a __________ substance that is made of one or more __________
Major Rock Groups
 Rocks are classified according to how they are __________.
 1. __________ Rocks – “__________ formed”
 2. __________ Rocks - “__________ rocks”
 3. __________ Rocks - “__________ rock”
Rock __________
 The __________ process of one rock type
changing into another rock __________.
Igneous Rocks
 Rocks that are formed from __________
(below) or __________ (above)
 Make up a large portion of the __________ .
Igneous Classification
 Based on composition and __________.
 Texture: the __________, shape, &
relationships of the mineral
__________ in a rock
 Coarse Grain - __________
crystals
 Fine Grain - __________ crystals
 __________ - full of holes because of gas bubbles
 Glassy - cools too __________ to form crystals
 Pyroclastic – __________ volcanic ash, cinders, & __________
 Composition
 __________ will cool and form mineral crystals at different __________.
 Geologists can identify __________ rocks based on the specific minerals in the
rock.
 Igneous rocks with __________ grain texture are made from lava (__________).
 Igneous rocks with __________ grain texture are made from __________ (Intrusive).
Sedimentary Rocks
 Rocks formed by the __________ & compacting of small rock __________.
How Are They Formed?
 As rocks are broken down by water & __________ (weathering/erosion,) the rock particles
(sediment) will sink to the bottom of a __________ source.
 Over a long period of time the sediment will build up in __________. The upper layers cause
pressure on the lower layers (compacting.)------ __________ process
 In other cases, chemicals within the sediment will “__________” the sediment together forming
a rock (cementing.)----- __________ process
Sedimentary Classification
 Grouped based on how the rock was formed & where the sediment came from.
 Clastic Rock (__________)
 Sedimentary rocks that are made of previously existing rock fragments.
 These rocks are named based on the size & shape of the rock fragments within
the main rock.
 EX: __________ & Shale
 Non-__________ Rock (__________)
 Includes rocks that were formed as a result of mineral __________ when water
evaporated. Ex: rock salt
 Includes __________ rocks such as coal & fossils
 Includes __________ rocks such as stalactites & __________.
 Includes microcrystaline __________ rocks EX: Limestone & __________
Metamorphic Rocks
 A rock that has changed in form because of heat, __________, and/or chemical reactions.
How Does the Rock Change?
 When a rock goes through a __________ it is called metamorphism.
 Metamorphism can affect __________ and/or sedimentary rocks that are deep within the
__________.
 Heat will cause the __________ within the rock to break down to form more heat __________
minerals.
 __________ will force the minerals to rearrange themselves.
 Chemicals within the rocks can alter or change the __________ make-up of the rock.
 __________ ----------Slate
 Granite----------__________
 __________ --------Marble
Metamorphic Classification
 Based on the arrangement of the __________ within the rock.
 __________
 Metamorphic rocks that have mineral crystals arranged in __________ layers or
bands.
 The rock tends to break along the __________.
 EX: __________, Gneiss, & __________
 Non-foliated
 Metamorphic rocks that are NOT banded and do NOT break into __________.
 EX: Marble & __________