INDICATORS FOR THE FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION ON ENERGY SECURITY IN
THE PACIFIC
2010 & 2011
Background
In August 2010 at the 41st Pacific Islands Forum at Port Vila, Vanuatu, the Leaders endorsed the
Framework for Action on Energy Security in the Pacific (FAESP): 2010–2020 as the regional blueprint for
the provision of technical assistance to the energy sectors of Pacific Island countries and territories
(PICTs). FAESP encompasses the Leaders’ vision for an energy secure Pacific where Pacific people at all
times have access to sufficient sustainable sources of clean and affordable energy and services to
enhance their social and economic well-being.
The Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) led the development of the FAESP in collaboration with
the Council of Regional Organisations in the Pacific (CROP) agencies, partners and members. In February
2011, the EUEI PDF funded a consultant to support SPC in the development of the Implementation Plan
for Energy Security in the Pacific (IPESP) (2011–2015) and the identification of energy security indicators
for the FAESP. This led to the development of 36 energy security indicators and an agreed baseline year
of 2009.
The energy security indicators were then endorsed in April 2011, where SPC through continued funding
from EUEI PDF and through assistance from CROP agencies, development partners and national offices
developed country profile booklets for 14 PICs in 2012.
This document contains the experience encountered in the compilation of the country energy indicator
profiles and suggest changes to indicators for the compilation of the 2010 and 2011 energy security
indicator. It is intended that a review of the indicators be undertaken by a small group, which is planned
to lead to a stronger regional monitoring framework.
Indicators including Definition
It was agreed in the consultation workshop in February 2011 to use indicators that follow the OECD/DAC
definition according to which an indicator is: "A quantitative or qualitative factor or variable that
provides a simple and reliable means to measure achievement, to reflect changes connected to an
intervention, or to help assess the performance of a development actor". Thus an indicator defines how
performance will be measured along a scale or dimension, without specifying a particular level of
achievement. As the Energy Security Indicators are supposed to measure the overall impacts of
interventions by multiple stakeholder including donors it was also agreed to follow DAC interpretation
where indicators can have either a qualitative or quantitative target value. A typical example at macro
level would be grid connected electrification level defined as the percentage of the population
connected to an utility grid. With ongoing and pipelined projects in the area of rural electrification, the
level of electrification is expected to increase (in those countries that do not already have universal
electrification). The FAESP indicator would allow measuring the performance of a country’s energy
sector interventions on an aggregate basis (the sum of all impacts for a given country). The values for
performance indicators can also be aggregated to measure the progress by the entire region.
Some of the indicators suggested are unambiguous measures of progress; they clearly distinguish
between desirable and undesirable outcomes and developments. Social and environmental indicators
fall into this category, as they measure progress in equity and environmental quality. Other indicators
are not designed to distinguish between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ but rather describe and give an indication of
an aspect of energy use. Energy intensity for instance falls into this category. Increase in energy intensity
of the entire economy or an individual sector may indicate trends towards industrialization, whereas
falling intensity could be caused by developments in the service sector. I.e. such indicators need to be
read in the context of a particular economy. However, indicators taken together and in context, allowing
for inherent differences between countries, provide an acceptable measure of a country’s energy
system and its change over time.
A third category of indicators is purely qualitative in nature and can only be transformed into numerical
values by scoring. For such qualitative indicators (e.g. the state of energy sector regulation) both a
qualitative brief description and a scoring are presented. However based on the experience
encountered in the compilation of the 2009 baseline indicators, it was identified that the qualitative
measures were in most cases restrictive which makes scoring difficult to apply.
Data Acquisition and Processing
Most of the quantitative indicators listed below could not be directly extracted from existing data
and/or information such as statistics yearbooks or databases. Indicators used to construct the baseline
were collected and processed using the following methodology:
Step 1: Collection of raw data from within SPC
Step 2: Review of sources and identification of gaps
Step 3: Request to countries, development partners, CROP agencies and other key energy stakeholders
to assist in filling data gaps
Step 4: Storage of all relevant data
Step 5: Compilation of primary data sets in excel together with sources and assessment of data quality
(check of plausibility and consistency)
Step 6: Compilation of baseline indicator table for the 14 PICs.
Step 7: Compilation of the country profile booklets for the 14 PICs
All data used have been cross-checked for quality Weak data have been flagged in the excel sheet
containing the primary data sets.
Consultants specific Recommendations – April 2011
“At present the agreed energy security indicator set covers the four dimension of sustainable
development that aims to improve quality of life in a way that can be sustained, socially, economically
and environmentally, supported by the institutional structure of the country. Institutional aspects,
however important, are qualitative and are therefore not readily quantified as indicators. They should
nevertheless be retained, as a sound institutional structure is essential for a reliable and efficient energy
system including effective energy sector data management.” Gerhard Zeiroth - EUEI PDF funded
consultant
Listed are the specific recommendations provided by the consultant:

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Data gaps that are flagged in the raw data spread sheet should be filled in as soon as new data
become available (particularly with respect to petroleum sector data);
Data collection points should be firmly established in co-operation with the national energy
administrations and the respective statistics offices;
Reporting procedures should be established together with time lines;
After endorsement by the Energy Ministers a final version of the energy security will emerge
and it is recommended to construct profiles for all PICT accordingly;
Data on household energy expenditure is scanty and not readily available from census reports or
Household Income and Expenditure Surveys. It is recommended to re-design future surveys to
produce meaningful data for energy in con-operation with statistics offices and the SPC statistics
department.
Changes undertaken to selected indicators during the compilation of the 2009
baseline indicators for the country profiles – December 2012:
In the compilation of the energy security indicators for the second phase of activities funded by
EUEI PDF, a number of minor changes were made to some of the indicators. These were
identified during the discussion sessions of the in-country workshops. The following table
covers the changes that were made.
Table 1: selected changes undertaken in the 2009 baseline energy security indicators
Indicator
Indicator
Changes
Reasons
No
undertaken
5
9
MacroEconomic
Affordability
Changed
index to %
Energy
Intensity
Changed from
US$/GJ to MJ/US$
Carbon
Footprint
11
from Reporting in percentage is much easier to
understand compared to having decimal
numbers as an index
Reporting of energy intensities is mostly
available in reports (IEA, ADB) and described as
MJ/US$. For consistency in description,
changes were undertaken.
For consistency:
Ton – May refer American or imperial system
of measure. The American system short ton
Corrections changed
equals 907 kg whilst the imperial long ton
from tons to tonnes
equals 1016 kg.
Tonne – for consistency in reporting this is the
more correct metric system measure equalling
1000 kg
For consistency in the calculation of the energy security indicators, a number of changes on
sourced raw data were also undertaken to follow closely with referenced figures from the SPC
Pacific Regional Information System or PRISM (http://www.spc.int/prism/).
Listed below are some of the changes undertaken to update the energy security indicators for
the 14 FICs.
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Exchange rates - OANDA (http://www.oanda.com/currency/converter/)
Population – quote the country’s statistics office latest census or HIES report but use PRISM
country population projection.
Survey reports – base reports is always the census, HIES, HES, and DHS. We would like to include
questions in future to capture more comprehensive energy questions at household level.
GDP, imports and other trade data – to use figures from country national statistics offices. If not
available then to use referenced IMF, ADB or UN stats data.
Summary of recommendations from selected in-country workshops during the compilation of the baseline indicators in the second
phase of funding activities - September 2011 to July 2012.
Table 2: Selected comments and issues raised in compiling country energy security indicators during in country workshops
Country
Suggestion/recommendation
Fiji
1. 1) DATA COLLECTION FROM OIL COMPANIES: The FDOE has been finding it difficult in accessing data from oil companies
to find energy end use consumption sectors and as a result the latest available energy statistics report is for 2004. The main
reason Oil Companies are hesitant to release data is because it is commercially sensitive information. Some of the
recommendation that came from the discussion to address this issues include:
a. Using the Fiji Bureau of Statistics as the collection agent as they already have agreements in place with Oil Companies for
the collection of data.
b. The review of the Fiji Bureau of Statistics data collection form that is sent to Oil Companies to include the data needs of
FDOE.
c. The release of data directly to FDOE from Oil Companies for the period between 2005 till 2012 by then a revised Fiji
Bureau of Statistics form should be ready.
2. 2) DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTRY SEPECIFIC INDICATORS: From discussions, some of the indicators could be broken
further down to specific areas and the recommendations were that FDOE could take on the task of creating these indicators that
will support SPC’s Energy indicators but go into more detail on a national level.
Cook Islands
1) OVERALL ENERGY SECTOR COORDINATON : The REDD office will explore the overall energy sector governance
functions and coordination in the current review of the government functions.
2) GENDER INDICATORS : Gender is part of the Regional Energy framework however is no specific indicators for
gender in the energy security indicators. It is recommended that the Secretariat take into account gender when the
next review of the indicators is conducted.
3) LACK OF COORDINATION ON DATA COLLECTIONS : Cook Islands doesn’t not have a specific organization
coordinated energy data and information. It is recommended that future energy security indicator data collection
and information management coordinated via an appropriate authority.
Nauru
1) DEFINITION OF RURAL & URBAN AREAS: In Nauru there is no differentiation between rural and urban area. A
recommendation was made that for those indicators that specify rural and urban to have an alternative definition
specifying rural as low income earners and urban for high income earners.
2) PETROLEUM END USE CONSUMPTION: The Justice department issues licenses for retail fuel outlets and a
recommendation was that the criteria for fuel retailers be reviewed to include the requirement for fuel retailers to
keep record of which sectors they sell fuel, for example, land transport/vehicle use, fishing, etc.
3) END USED DEVICES: The establishment of regulations for the import of end use devices that improve fuel use for
transport and electricity generation as well as energy efficiency rating.
Solomon Islands
1) DEFINITION OF URBAN VERSUS RURAL
There was quite a lengthy discussion on the classification of urban and rural areas and its application in the Solomon
Islands. The participants agreed that in the provinces, the main town area is considered as a town since they have
access to basic services, including electricity generated by the Solomon Islands Electricity Authority, hospital, water
reticulation, government ministries and commercial activities including food crop markets and shops, similarly to what
is available in Honiara, the main urban/town area.
2) DEFINITION OF MODERN VERSUS TRADITIONAL
A clear definition of modern and traditional forms of energy was discussed to obtain a common understanding of the
two terms and that the baseline data is also aligned to the national context. The participants had a clear understanding
of modern forms of energy imported such as petroleum products which are not traditionally produced.
However, a bias approached against the use of kerosene as being modern applied since; the focus by the Energy
Division is to replace the use of kerosene lamps with that of grid electricity or solar power. Kerosene lanterns have
been used by the people for more than 30 years or so and traditionally considered as accessible but expensive.
Therefore, the participants recommended that kerosene use for lighting as well as cooking be considered as
traditional.
3) MONITORING AND EVALUATION: A proper institutional arrangement for the monitoring and evaluation of energy
project implemented by different stakeholders should be developed by the Ministry of Mines and Energy and Rural
Electrification to enable the collation of information and analysis for proper planning and rational decision making.
Vanuatu
1) ENERGY SECTOR REGULATION INDICATOR: Look at the definition and possibly introduce distinction between economic
and technical regulation. The indicator is more relevant to economic regulation so this should be made explicit. Look at the
point system for this indicator and consider whether the third level (3 points) is realistically achievable.
2) PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTION INDICATOR: This might need to be re-worded to remove “Independent Power
Producer” as in some countries there may be a big private sector contribution but through a different mechanism e.g.
concessions in Vanuatu.
3) ENERGY PORTFOLIO INDICATOR: The definition needs to be more specific to make it clear that this is Government
funds (sovereign loans and grant aid). It may be useful to indicate % split between grants and loans as loans may
dominate and distort the indicator / provide misleading information.
4) RENEWABLE ENERGY INDICATOR: Possibly remove biomass from the renewable energy indicator as there is no way
to accurately measure this. The indicator could be changed to “commercial” renewable energy.
5) ENERGY CONVERSION INDICATOR: May want to consider using GJ/kWh as units because different fuels used by
utilities vary in their energy content and therefore in kWh they can produce.
6) DISTRIBUTION LOSSES INDICATOR: Consider changing this to Technical & Non-Technical Losses to be clearer on what is
being measured.
7) OTHER CONSIDERATIONS ON INDICATORS
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Need to look at where a score of “Not Applicable” is more appropriate than a “0” score
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Might need to consider other scores for particular indicators, such as where a symbol for “Monopoly” might be useful
(e.g. Vanuatu, Nauru, Niue)
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Clarify traditional and modern energy in the energy access indicators
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Review and check definition of each indicator
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Participants asked for copies of the Energy Indicator Report to be widely disseminated. This could be done through the
internet, as well as the usual method of providing a copy to the DEMM
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DEMM. Participants suggested that the information needs to reach the general public and not just energy sector
stakeholders. This can be done through the national workshop to present the Report later in 2012.
8) MECHANISMS FOR DATA COLLECTION
There is a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the VNSO and the DEMM. The DEMM sources most of their data from
VNSO. The DEMM can be the entry point for request of energy data by organisations and individuals. Requests can be made from
DEMM to the VNSO for energy data.
For data collection, the main agency for energy data collection is VNSO who collect data from two main sources:
1) Primary data from surveys
2) Secondary data from customs (and others)
There is already a significant amount of energy data collected by the VNSO through these two mechanisms, including: Macroeconomic, Petroleum, Electricity, Rural energy
To increase energy data collection the following actions were suggested to be undertaken through the DEMM:
1. Add a limited number of energy specific questions to existing regular VNSO surveys e.g. census, household I&E
2. Use quarterly surveys of VNSO to collect additional energy data on specific areas
3. Use ad hoc surveys where needed for more detailed data and coordinate with VNSO for technical assistance on these.
Kiribati
1) DEFINITION OF URBAN VERSUS RURAL
Government services are being centralized to two main urban areas. The first is urban Tarawa, which has most of the
government agencies and has all government ministries and companies. Urban Tarawa is then divided into two main
island administrations/councils such as the Tarawa Urban Council (TUC) and the Betio Town Council (BTC). The second
urban area is Christmas Island which has a centralized administration center for the Line and Phoenix Group of islands.
2) Definition of Modern versus Traditional
Modern energy is defined during the workshop as energy sources that are available and efficient. Kerosene is
considered as traditional energy source for use in lighting as there are other modern forms of lighting sources such as
electricity and solar. In addition, kerosene is considered as a modern form of energy in cooking as not many household
use kerosene in the urban areas or even in the rural areas. Biomass is considered as a traditional form of energy for
cooking since it has been used over generations and readily available for cooking.
Palau
1) OPPURTUNITIES FOR ADDRESSING ACCURATE AND TIMELY DATA:
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Include energy security indicators in census questionnaires
Training and capacity building for statistics and planning
High turnover of staff and political interference – suggestion for Private Sector – holding of data and coordination
Central focus – should be with statistics, independent reports to President Office and strengthen links
Develop and train on Data Analysis and Uses
Review of existing legislations ( for grid connections)
National Energy Committee – re look at ways of data gathering
Awareness – Good understanding of different roles
to re look at coordination
i. Lead agency to be more proactive – find ways to do this. Energy team to take the lead
ii. One to one meeting – e.g. Petroleum companies before the proposed National meeting
iii. Timing of proposed workshops – Better development partners coordination
iv. Time – Half day(keep it interesting)
v. Participation – maybe invite relevant staff members – who should attend – not Chief Executive Officers who only
have limited time to sit in meetings
2) ACCESSING/SUBMISSION OF DATA FROM PETROLEUM TO STATISTICS
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Identify what sort of information statistics office collects
Meet with statistics and planning office to get specific information on data needs
Grants that comes in – identifying economic indicators to a data system
Identify where the higher office is and how to link – e.g. international office of MOBIL, etc
When quarterly reports are submitted a survey on energy indicators included
Register of Co-operation – Questions could be added to include data collection
Summary of experiences encountered in the compilation of the 2009 energy
security indicators.
Provided in table 3, is a more comprehensive account of the experience encountered
in the compilation of the 2009 baseline energy security indicators. The noted
experience surmises some of the faults or limitation of the indicators. It also provides
recommendations that could better capture selected indicators. The main
recommendations include:
1. Inclusion of clearer definition in the description of indicators to follow
explanations from referenced indicators including
a. Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development: Guidelines and
methodologies
b. Global tracking Framework – SE4ALL
c. PPA Power Utility Benchmarking indicators
2. Removal of scoring system for the quality indicators, however additional
aspects are included to better capture.
3. Inclusion of sub indicators
The revised energy security indicators are further summarized in table 4.
An excel database template (Annex 1) for the compilation of the energy security
indicators by country is also developed for assisting countries compile their respective
indicators. The template is currently being trialed on Vanuatu, Niue and the Cook
Islands.
10
Table 3: Summary of data compilation experience and recommended changes for the 2010 and 2011 energy security compilation.
No
Indicator
Description
Access to Energy
1
Electrification
Rate (%)
Tracks share of households
actually connected to a utility
grid. Widely used indicator but
not relevant for all PICTs as
some have already 100%
electrification
2
Access to
Small Scale
Power rural
(%)
Tracks share of rural households
with access to basic
electrification (solar, pico hydro,
small wind, community grid).
3
Access to
Modern
Energy rural
(%)
Tracks share of rural households
with access to modern cooking
and lighting. Covers all forms of
energy other than traditional
biomass
Reliability, Accuracy,
Limitations
Indicator reliable and
accurate as long as
utilities provide statistics
on number of total
accounts.
Indicator reliable and
accurate for governmentcontrolled projects.
Possible underestimates
as private sector outlets
also distribute equipment.
Data for indicator may not
always be available from
HIES of Census surveys.
Mostly measures the
share of households using
kerosene for cooking and
lighting.
Data for indicator may not
always be available from
HIES of Census surveys.
Mostly measures the
share of households using
kerosene for cooking and
lighting.
Data sources
Utility records,
Census data
Energy
administration
statistics, HIES
surveys, micro
surveys
Energy
administration
statistics, HIES
surveys, micro
surveys
Formula
Residential utility
accounts/(Total
Population/Household
Size)
Households with
access to non utility
electricity /(Total
Population/Household
Size)
Rural households with
access to lighting and
modern cooking fuels
standalone electricity
/(Total Rural
Population/Household
Size)
Rural households with
access to lighting and
modern cooking fuels
standalone electricity
/(Total Rural
Population/Household
Size)
2009 data compilation
experience
(1)Indicator in first expression
refers to overall electrification
(Grid and Off grid). (2) Population
and Housing Census report were
mainly relied upon from PRISM
and static’s office including DHS
and selected HIES reports were
applicable
Indicator compilation ok.
Population and Housing Census
report were mainly relied upon
from PRISM and static’s office
including DHS and selected
HIES reports were applicable
(1)Census data reports available
does not clearly separate HH
access to modern lighting and
modern cooking. Data
compilation for the 2009
indicators took the average
access of the two forms. (2)
Issues were also raised on
kerosene lighting and kerosene
stoves being included in this
indicator as being modern when
it has associated health risks.
Consideration for clean energy
recommended to be factored into
this indicator.
Suggestion/ recommendations
for follow-up indicators
Your comments
(1) For consistency in definition
comparison to other indictor
sources, the following indicator is
best described covering grid and
off grid access. (2) This means the
revised indicator will mean
combining indicator 1 & 2 together
in defining electrification rates. (3)
Inclusion of sub indicators could be
included with this indicator to
comprehensively capture access
based on a. grid access, mini grid
access and standalone systems
For clarity in definition the following
two indicators are to be redefined
as (1) Access to clean and modern
forms of lighting and (2) Access to
clean and modern forms of
cooking. Sub indicators could also
be included to look at it
comprehensively in terms of rural
and urban.
Tracks share of urban
Energy
Access to
households with access to
administration
Modern
modern cooking and lighting.
statistics, HIES
Energy urban Covers all forms of energy other
surveys, micro
4 (%)
than traditional biomass
surveys
General Comments:
The revised indicators for “Access to Energy” will be as follows:
1) Electrification rate; (Sub indicators for inclusion 1a) Grid connected electrification 1b)Access to mini-grids 1c) Access to stand alone systems)
2) Access to clean and modern forms of lighting; ( Sub indicators for inclusion 2a)Access to clean and modern lighting – rural 2b) Access to clean and modern lighting - Urban)
3) Access to clean and modern form of cooking; ( Sub indicators for inclusion 2a)Access to clean and modern lighting – rural 2b) Access to clean and modern lighting - Urban)
Of note the above indicators mainly covers access with respect to household level only.
Another area of importance that is not captured under “Access to Energy” is access to modern or quality energy services for the improved delivery of education services, health services and clean water access
targeting schools, health centres and community water access.
11
No
Indicator
Description
Reliability, Accuracy,
Limitations
Data sources
Formula
2009 data compilation
experience
Suggestion/ recommendations
for follow-up indicators
Your comments
Affordability
5
6
7
MacroEconomic
Affordability
(Index)
The indicator tracks fuel imports as
a percentage of GDP. The higher
the figure, the more vulnerable an
economy is towards world market
price volatility.
Electricity
Tariff
US$/kWh
Average tariffs for year (all tariff
categories i.e. residential,
commercial, industrial) Requires
averaging over year as tariffs in
most PICT are adjusted several
times in a year
Electricity
Lifeline (%)
Relation between average tariff and
lifeline tariff if a lifeline tariff exists
The indicator is reliable and
accurate as long as fuel import
data are available. GDP data
point normally published by IMF.
Its improvement is not
necessarily related to energy
sector performance but to
economic growth in general.
Reliable and accurate indicator
that reflects the affordability of
electricity for household,
businesses and industrial
consumers. Useful for a
comparison of countries. Tariff
structures however, vary widely
across the region.
Reliable and accurate indicator,
which is relevant to assess the
protection that low income
households enjoy through cross
subsidies.
Indicator is not very accurate as
it is based on sample surveys
(HIES) that often suffer from
understating of incomes and
other errors. Indicator is more
reliable if based on energy
focussed micro surveys and case
studies. HIES designs need
improvement to more accurately
bring out energy relevant data
IMF GDP data, IMF
Commodity price
data
Value Fuel
Imports/GDP in
current US$
Utility tariffs
reported via PPA
Average tariff for
year in the
respective tariff
categories
Utility tariffs
reported via PPA
Lifeline Tariff
US$/kWh/ Average
Electricity Tariff
US$/kWh (%)
Household
Energy
Average household expenditure for
Census data, HIES
Energy
Expenditure
energy per year as percentage of
surveys, case
expenditure/averag
8 Load (%)
average household income
studies
e household income
General Comments:
The revised indicators for “Affordability” will be as follows:
4) Macroeconomic affordability (%)
5) Average electricity Tariff; (Sub indicators for inclusion 5a) Customer tariff rates 5b) Electricity lifeline subsidy cost with a revised formula.
6) Household energy expenditure load - revised definition
(1)Indicator calculation ok and reliable. (2)Referenced unit for
macroeconomic affordability was represented in % instead of
index. (3)For consistency in reporting GDP data was primarily
Sourced from PRISM – SPC statistics with secondary sources
from ADB, IMF and UN stats.(4) Value fuel imports for
consistency was compiled based on mineral fuel import data from
statistics off data.
(1) Indicator calculation
(1) Maintain indicator but to include
reliable for most of the
sub indicators to capture customer
PICs when compiled in
tariff rates including other
overall average across the electricity tariff rates from outer
customer sectors.
islands
Compilation experience ok. However formula calculation is based
on lifeline tariff as a percentage of average tariffs of the three
customer categories. Considering that lifeline tariff is mainly
applied for the residential category, indicator would be best
looked at in terms of reporting from the utility companies.
Challenge experienced
was the statistical reports
in selected countries do
Need for clearer definition for
not provide clear
household energy expenditure
breakdown for associated
specifically describing targeted
expenditure to Electricity,
quantities e.g reference MDG
fuel for cooking. Transport
indicator on HH energy
operation cost and other
Expenditure load = “Share of
associated bus and taxi
household income spent on fuel
fare cost also included.
and electricity”
12
No
Indicator
Description
Reliability, Accuracy,
Limitations
Data sources
Formula
2009 data compilation
experience
Suggestion/ recommendations
for follow-up indicators
IMF GDP data,
National energy
statistics
GDP (US$) /(Annual
petroleum product
consumption + non
fossil electricity
(US$/GJ)
Indicator calculation for the 2009
Energy security indicator profile
booklets was reported based on
Energy use per unit of GDP
(GJ/US$). Changes in calculation
similar to MDG indicators.
No issues with referenced
indicator.
Utility billing records
Commercial electricity
billed/total electricity
billed
No major challenges faced in the
calculation of referenced
indicator.
No issues with referenced
indicator.
Your comments
Efficiency and Productivity
9
10
Energy
Intensity
US$/GJ
Tracks the GDP $ generated by
the use of a GJ of energy.
Indicator is widely used to
compare economies
Productive
Power Use
(%)
Tracks the share of commercial
and industrial use of electricity in
total supply
Accuracy can be
compromised by errors
and gaps in national
energy statistics. Changes
in indicator are not a
reliable sign of
improvements in energy
sector performance
Indicator reliable and
accurate. Has some
limitations as smaller
businesses may use
power under domestic
tariff (if lower than
commercial tariff)
Environmental Quality
11
12
Carbon
Footprint
(tonnes CO2)
Tracks total GHG emissions
using embedded carbon as a
measure (not UNFCC method)
Provides reliable indication
of contribution to global
GHD emissions and
demonstrates the
miniscule contribution that
PICTs make with regard to
global GHG production.
Reliable and accurate
indicator which provides
information on local
emission levels
National statistics
Diesel Fuel
Assesses the standard for
Quality (ppm
sulphur content of diesel fuel in
National
S)
ppm sulphur
Governments
General comments:
Indicators remain: For “Efficiency and Productivity” The indicators remains as follows:
7) Energy Intensity (MJ/US$)
8) Productive Power Use (%)
sum (all energy sector
GHG emissions)
10 ppm = 3; 50
ppm=2; 500 ppm plus
=1
Indicator calculation reliable - No
major challenges faced in the
calculation of referenced
indicator.
Indicator calculation reliable - No
major challenges faced in the
calculation of referenced
indicator.
No issues with referenced
indicator.
No issues with referenced
indicator.
For “Environmental Quality” the indicators remains as follows:
9) Carbon footprint
10) Diesel fuel quality
13
No
Indicator
Description
Reliability, Accuracy,
Limitations
Data sources
Formula
2009 data compilation
experience
Suggestion/ recommendations
for follow-up indicators
Your comments
Leadership, governance, coordination
13
Status of
Energy
Administratio
n (Score)
Assess the status the energy
administration has in respective
country
14
Energy
Legislation(S
core)
Assess the status the of energy
sector legislation in respective
country
15
Indicator does not
measure an
administrations
performance, but the
priority a national
government gives to its
energy sector. Might be
better described in
qualitative terms
Measures only the formal
legal framework, not the
level of enforcement.
Might be better described
in qualitative terms
‘Soft’ indicator, which aims
to measure how, decisions
and directions given at
regional or subregional
events translate into
practical action at national
level. Might be better
described in qualitative
terms
National
Governments
Energy Ministry = 3;
Energy Department =
2; Energy Office = 1
Scoring system seem to restrict
reporting and explanation of
reference indicator. There is
opportunity to cover a more
comprehensive description
covering functions and staff
number.
National
Governments
Updated Energy Act
= 3; Adopted Energy
Policy = 2; Subsector
Act or Policy = 1
Reference indicator seems to be
too broad. Scoring system better
replaced with description.
Remove the scoring system and
cover the qualitative indicator as a
description with key point sub titles
or questions to fully capture
indicator
There is opportunity for the
selected indicator to list all energy
related acts and policy as a check
to stock take all existing legislation
and policy.
Indicator measures the uptake of
decisions from regional &
international meetings into
national level only. Indicator does
not measure internal coordination
and relationship. Opportunity to
relook at the mention indicator
holistically
Remove the scoring system and
Co-ordination
Meetings lead to
cover the qualitative indicator as a
and
relevant national
description with key point sub titles
consultation(
Tracks outcome of regional or
National
action = 1; No action
or questions to fully capture
Score)
subregional events
Governments
=0
indicator
General Comments:
For the revised indicators, it would be more capturing if qualitative type indicators have their scoring system removed and instead have it as description covering key point topics and questions.
Indicators remain: For “Leadership, governance, coordination” remains as follows:
11) Status of Energy Administration (description cover 12a) Description of energy office in country 12b)Key responsibilities in office 12c)Number of energy staff)
12) Co-ordination and consultation(description to look into the level of co-ordination and involvement of the energy office locally and abroad)
13) Energy Legislations ( description to look into availability of energy and energy related acts, description of the acts, administration, key areas covered and linkages to other acts)
14
No
Indicator
Description
16
Energy Planning, Policy Regulation
Assesses the
state/quality of Energy
Planning. Distinguishes
between integrated
Energy
planning and subsector
Planning
(i.e. power, petroleum)
Status(Score) planning
‘Soft’ indicator, which aims to
measure if and how energy planning
is performed at national level. Does
not measure how planning translate
into practical action and/or
investments. Might be better
described in qualitative terms
National
Government
Reports,
Presentation of
plan
17
Energy
Sector
Regulation(S
core)
Useful to provide a measure of
progress towards regulator
independent from government or
regulated entities
National
Governments,
Energy Sector
Legislation
18
Enabling
Framework
for Private
Sector
Participation(
Score)
Assesses State of
Energy Sector
Regulation
Assesses progress
towards enabling
framework for private
sector participation
Reliability, Accuracy, Limitations
Reliable and accurate in measuring
the legal framework. Does not
measure actual investment from
private sector parties
Data sources
National
Governments,
Energy Sector
Legislation
Tracks share of
Private
electricity produced by
Accurate and reliable indicator which
Sector
Independent Power
describes the physical contribution
Utility records
Contribution
Producers under power
private sector operators make to a
reported via
19 (%)
purchase agreement
countries electricity supply
PPA
General comments:
Qualitative indicators to removes scoring systems but now included as a tabular description.
Formula
Whole of Energy Sector
Plan/Roadmap operational with
M&E framework = 3;
Subsector Plan operational
with M&E framework = 2;
Energy Sector Plans under
preparation = 1
Independent Whole of Energy
Sector Regulator established =
3; Whole of Energy Sector
Regulator established = 2;
Subsector Regulator
established = 1
Standard Power Purchase and
Petroleum Supply Agreements
operational = 3: Standard
Agreements for subsector
operational = 2; Standard
Agreements under preparation
=1
Total annual kWh supplied by
IPP/Total kWh send out
2009 data compilation
experience
Suggestion/recommendation
s for follow-up indicators
Reference indicator seems to
be too broad. Scoring system
better replaced with
description.
Remove the scoring system
and cover the qualitative
indicator as a description with
key point sub titles or
questions to fully capture
indicator
Qualitative Indicator broadly
measures regulation in the
energy sector - whether we are
looking at technical regulation,
or economical regulation etc.
Indicator could be better
measured by assessing
referenced regulative sectors
Similar thoughts to other
Qualitative indicators
Indicator calculation reliable,
however description of IPP
needs to be better explained
on proper classification –
distinguish between net meters
on part time sales to the grid
and IPP
Your comments
Remove the scoring system
and cover the qualitative
indicator as a description with
key point sub titles or
questions to fully capture
indicator
Definition of Indicator revised
with the inclusion of sub
indicators
Indicators for “Energy Planning, Policy Regulation”
14) Private Sector Contribution; (Sub indicators will include 15a)Share of electricity generation from IPPs 15b)Share of electricity generation from Net metering installations feeding into the grid seasonally or
part time.)
15) Energy Planning Status (definition remains but will be presented in tabular form to capture relevant information in the various planning documents.)
16) Energy Sector Regulation (definition remains but will be presented in tabular form to capture summarized information of in country regulation procedure in the electricity and petroleum sector)
17) Enabling Framework for Private Sector Participation ( definition revised and will be presented in tabular form to capture information across IPPS, Part time suppliers, and the residential sector)
15
No
Indicator
Description
Reliability, Accuracy,
Limitations
Data sources
Formula
2009 data compilation
experience
Suggestion/recommendations
for follow-up indicators
Indicator formula does not truly
measure fuel supply security 3.
days for a number of PICs. Need
for a revision of the formula 4.
calculation based on holding
volume instead of storage
capacity.
Indicator to have revised formula
based o two methods:
Holding days information based of
the petroleum companies
Calculated based on the formula Total liquid petroleum holding
volume (litres)/Average petroleum
product consumption per day
Only four countries were
identified where this indicator
was applicable to them.
Suggestion to remove this indicator
for now and have this all compiled
under renewable energy share.
Qualitative Indicator that focuses
at the assessment of the bulk
fuel procurement scheme. The
initiative is mostly on a standstill
in targeted PICs.
Recommendation of Indicator to
be assessed based on fuel supply
routes and supply contracts,.
Your comments
Energy Production and Supply - Petroleum
20
21
Fuel Supply
Security(Days
)
Fuel Supply
Diversity (%)
Measures the number of days a
country can keep operating in
case of a petroleum product
supply interruption.
Measures share of locally
produced fuel (biofuel or fossil)
as percentage of total supply
Reliable indicator widely
used to measure the
resilience/vulnerability of a
country in the event of an
energy crisis. Accuracy is
limited as the indicator
assumes that all storage is
full when a supply
interruption occurs. Also
uses the total storage
volume and total demand,
not individual products
Only relevant for countries
with fossil fuel production
and/or a local biofuel
industry. Reliable and
accurate if volumes are
reported correctly
Fuel Supply
Qualitative indicator which
Chain
describes supply routes,
Arrangement
Assesses control of countries
procurement methods and
22 s(Score)
over fuel supply chain.
regulation
General Comments:
The revised indicators for “Energy Production and Supply” will be as follows:
18) Fuel supply security
19) Fuel Supply Diversity
20) Fuel supply chain arrangements
Petroleum import
statistics, Petroleum
companies
information
Petroleum import
statistics, Local
production
companies
information
Petroleum import
statistics, Petroleum
companies
information
Size of total petroleum
storage (m3)/Average
petroleum product
consumption per day
Quantity of locally
produced fuels
(t)/Total imports +
local production (t)
Joint procurement
scheme operational =
2; Participation in
preparation of joint
procurement
arrangements = 1
Opportunities exist for the inclusion of additional petroleum indicators.
16
No
Indicator
Description
Reliability, Accuracy, Limitations
Data sources
Formula
2009 data compilation
experience
Suggestion/recommendations
for follow-up indicators
Indicator calculation
reliable, However 2009
analysis did not include
any contribution from
Biomass consumption.
Suggestion to include specific
major RE contributions. Biomass
consumption from the Household
level to be included as well.
Qualitative Indicator is
broadly expressed..
Opportunity to list or stock take RE
developments and studies
undertaken in country instead of
having a scoring system.
Similar thoughts to other
Qualitative indicators
Following indicator is
recommended to be removed and
instead merged with the Energy
planning status indicators.
Your comments
Renewable Energy
23
24
Renewable
energy share
(%)
Renewable
Resource
Knowledge(S
core)
Least Cost
RE
Development
25 Plan(Score)
General Comments:
Measures share of
renewable energy as
percentage of total supply
for a given year
Assesses the quality of
knowledge of national
renewable energy
potential
Assesses if data and
information on RE have
been translated into a
least cost development
plan that gives priority to
the most economical RE
resource or application
Reliable and accurate for utilities.
National totals may not be as
accurate as output of stand-alone
systems are normally not measured
or even counted and rely on
educated guesses
Qualitative but important indicator.
Knowledge of resources and
commercial potential of relevant RE
is a precondition for integrated
planning and efficient allocation of
investment resources.
Qualitative indicator that builds on
indicator 26. The existence of a least
cost development plan does not
mean that the plan is being followed.
Assessments at the level of individual
projects are necessary to prove this
National
statistics, utility
records
National
governments,
Development
Partners,
Regional
Organisations
Quantity of RE (GJ)/Total
Supply of Energy (GJ)
Comprehensive assessment
of all RE resources including
cost for each source = 3;
Comprehensive physical
assessment of all RE
resources = 2; Resource
assessments fragmentary
under way = 1
National
governments,
Development
Partners,
Regional
Organisations
Least Cost Development
Plan Operational = 2; Least
Cost Development Plan
under Preparation = 1
The revised indicators for “Renewable Energy” will be captured as follows:
21) Renewable energy share
22) Renewable Resource Knowledge (indicator description captured in tabular representation to stocktake all studies and assessment work undertaken in country.)
17
No
Indicator
Description
Reliability, Accuracy,
Limitations
Data sources
Formula
2009 data compilation
experience
Suggestion/recommendations
for follow-up indicators
Indicator calculation reliable - No
major challenges faced in the
calculation of referenced
indicator.
For consistency - Indicator name is
better replaced to Specific fuel oil
consumption to align with PPA
benchmarking reporting.
Your comments
Energy Conversion
26
27
28
Generation
Efficiency
(kWh/l)
Distribution
Losses (%)
Lost Supply
(SAIDI) Hours
Compares the amount of kWh
sold with the amount of kWh
send out from the power station
Reliable and accurate
indicator. May become
distorted when renewable
energy generation is not
separated
Reliable and accurate if
utilities keep good records.
Accuracy may be distorted
if unmetered supply (for
example street lighting)
exists.
Tracks Electricity Outage time
(hours of lost supply per
customer per year)
Internationally used
indicator for utility
performance. Reliable and
accurate if data are
available
Measures the annual average
fuel conversion efficiency for
diesel generation
Clean
Electricity
Measures share of renewable
Contribution
energies as percentage of total
29 (%)
electricity supply
General Comments:
Reliable and accurate
indicator sometimes also
used as a target for utilities
Utility records via
PPA
kWh send out/litre of
fuel used
Utility records via
PPA
kWh send out - kWh
sold/kWh send out
Utility
records/benchmarki
ng via PPA
Sum of all customer
interruption
duration/total number
of all customers
Utility records via
PPA
Quantity of RE kWh
injected into
system/Total Supply
of kWh send out
No major challenges faced in the
calculation of referenced
indicator. Data reference
compiled from PPA
benchmarking report.
No major challenges faced in the
calculation of referenced
indicator. Data reference
compiled from PPA
benchmarking report. Reporting
was changed to minutes instead
of hours.
Indicator calculation reliable - No
major challenges faced in the
calculation of referenced
indicator. Data reference
compiled from PPA
benchmarking report.
maintain
maintain
Maintain. Recommendations to
include sub indicators covering
clean electricity contribution to
GRID and OFF grid systems.
Opportunity to capture
The revised indicators for “Energy Conversion” will be captured as follows including selected additional indicators from the PPA benchmarking report.
23) Load factor
24) Capacity factor
25) Specific fuel oil consumption
26) Distribution losses
27) Lost Supply (SAIDI)
28) Clean electricity contribution; ( Sub indicators 29a)Share of RE as a % of Grid connected electricity generation 29b) Share of RE as a % of off-Grid connected electricity generation)
18
No
Indicator
Description
Reliability, Accuracy,
Limitations
Data sources
Formula
2009 data compilation
experience
Suggestion/recommenda
tions for follow-up
indicators
Your comments
End-use Energy Consumption
30
Retail Fuel
Prices (US$/l
US$/kg)
Tracks retail and wholesale fuel
prices for petroleum products
(diesel, petrol, MPK, LPG)
Data available from Pacific
Fuel Price monitor.
Reliability and accuracy
depends on reporting
quality by countries. Data
for LPG often missing
31
Legislative
Framework(S
core)
Assesses progress towards a
comprehensive legislative
framework for import of end use
devises
Qualitative indicator which
does not measure
enforcement of legislation
32
Appliance
Labelling(Sco Assesses state of appliance
re)
labelling
Energy data and information
Availability of
National
Energy
Balance(Scor
33 e)
General Comments:
Assesses availability of national
key energy data to SPC data
management unit and other
regional stakeholders
Qualitative indicator which
does not measure
enforcement of legislation
Full energy balance data
rarely available for PICT.
Indicator measures work
towards establishing such
energy balances
National records,
SPC fuel price
monitoring
National Records
National
governments,
Development
Partners, Regional
Organisations
National Records,
Utility Records
no major challenges faced
in the calculation of
referenced indicator. Data
compilation assessed
retail and whole sale
prices.
Qualitative Indicator
broadly expressed for
assessing EE frameworks.
Opportunity to also include
fuel prices in rural areas
Suggestion to list
individual end use energy
efficiency indicators for
assessment inn table
formats. Need to clearly
define indicator name
Compulsory Appliance Labelling
Operational = 2; Appliance
Labelling under preparation = 1
Similar thoughts to other
Qualitative indicators
Best described in tabular
format rather than scoring
Comprehensive data sets
covering energy input conversion
and end use available 6 months
after end of reporting year = 3;
Partial data set available within 6
months = 2; Partial data set
available within 12 months = 1
Similar thoughts to other
Qualitative indicators
Best described in tabular
format rather than scoring
Average fuel price per year
Comprehensive framework
covering transport, appliances,
buildings = 3; Legislative for one
subsector operational= 2;
Preparation of frameworks under
way = 1
The revised indicators for “End-use Energy Consumption” to include
29) Wholesale and retail fuel prices
30) Legislative framework supporting Energy efficiency initiatives
31) Appliance Labelling programme initiatives
32) Subsidy mechanism supporting tariff and fuel price setting at the residential level
The revised indicators for “Energy data and information” to include
33) Status on the availability of national energy balance
19
No
Indicator
Description
Reliability, Accuracy,
Limitations
Data sources
Formula
Indicator is not developed
for 2009 baseline but
provides a current (2011)
snapshot of the active
portfolios of relevant
stakeholders. In order to
be meaningful this
indicator needs to be updated on an annual basis
as old projects drop off
and new ones come on
line.
Grant and loan
commitments active
in a given year
Qualitative indicator
National Records,
Utility Records
Qualitative indicator
Energy
administration
Grant aid
commitments + Loan
commitments
Comprehensive set of
information covering
petroleum, utility and
government financing
= 3; Partial information
set available within 6
months = 2; Partial
information set
available within 12
months = 1
M&E framework in
place = 1 No M&E
framework = 0
2009 data compilation
experience
Suggestion/recommendations
for follow-up indicators
Qualitative Indicator broadly
expressed .Need to specifically
list types of commitments and
loans to add.
Recommendation to review
indicator and list type of funding
options – grants, low interest loans.
Similar thoughts to other
Qualitative indicators
Inclusion of table description
Similar thoughts to other
Qualitative indicators
Inclusion of table description
Your comments
Financing, Monitoring & Evaluation
34
Energy
Portfolio
(US$)
Availability of
Financing
Information(S
35 core)
Monitoring
Framework(S
36 core)
General Comments:
Tracks the flow of funding into
the regions energy sector
Assesses availability of national
energy financing information to
SPC and other regional
stakeholders
Assesses if there is a national
energy sector M&E framework in
place
The revised indicators for ”Financing, Monitoring & Evaluation” will be captured as follows:
34) Energy Portfolio; (Sub indicators will be included covering 34a)grant aid commitments 34b) low or no interest loan and 34c) Commercial loan)
35) Availability of Project Reporting ( activity and financial) Information
36) Monitoring Framework
20
Table 4: 2010 and 2011 Revised Indicators
No
1
1a
1b
1c
2
Indicator
Description
Access to Energy
Tracks share of households with access to
Electrification
some form of electrification. (Grid and off
Level (%)
Grid)
Grid connected Share of household connected to the national
electrification rate Grid.
Mini-grid
connected Share of Household connected to minigrids or
electrification community grids
Standalone
systems
Access to
modern forms of
Lighting (%)
Share of household owning standalone
systems - SHS, small petrol and diesel
gensets etc
Definition same as above but targeting rural
household only
3
Access to modern
lighting -urban
Access to
modern forms of
cooking (%)
Definition same as above but targeting urban
household only
Tracks share of households with access to at
modern forms of cooking. This excluding open
fire/traditional and kerosene stoves.
3a
Access to modern
lighting -rural
Definition same as above but targeting rural
household only
2b
3b
Access to modern
lighting -rural
Indicator reliable and accurate for the
Census reports. However censuses
are undertaken in 5 or 10 year
periods. Estimates will need to be
established for the other years relying
on utility annual reports, energy
surveys and other household surveys
undertaken by statistics office – HIES,
HES and DHS. Some country
census provide information on energy
aspects at population level, but some
only at household level
Data sources
Definition same as above but targeting urban
household only
Indicator reliable and accurate for the
Census reports. However censuses
are undertaken in 5 or 10 year
periods. Estimates will need to be
established for the other years relying
on energy surveys, reported energy
projects and other household surveys
undertaken by statistics office – HIES,
HES and DHS.
Indicator reliable and accurate for the
Census reports. However censuses
are undertaken in 5 or 10 year
periods. Estimates will need to be
established for the other years relying
on energy surveys, reported energy
projects and other household surveys
undertaken by statistics office – HIES,
HES and DHS.
Formula
Reviewer comments
Electrification rate =1a + 1b + 1c
1a = Grid connected household / total
household
Population &
household Census
reports.
Utility Annual
reports, energy
survey reports
Tracks share of households with access to
modern sources of lighting. This excludes
biomass, Kerosene lamps, Kerosene lantern,
and candle and coconut oil lamps.
Access to modern
lighting -rural
2a
Reliability, Accuracy, Limitations
Population &
household Census
reports. Energy
surveys, HIES,DHS,
surveys, micro
surveys
Population &
household Census
reports. Energy
surveys, HIES,DHS,
surveys, micro
surveys
1b = No. of HH connected to mini-grid
systems/ total household
1c = No. HH owning SHS, and
Generators/total household
Modem Lighting = Households
accessing (grid lighting + SHS+ Own
generators+ Coleman users+ Gas
users)/ total household
Clean and Modem Lighting rural =
Rural Households accessing (grid
lighting + SHS+ Own generators+
Coleman users+ Gas users)/ total Rural
household
Clean and Modem Lighting Urban =
Urban Households accessing (grid
lighting + SHS+ Own generators+
Coleman users+ Gas users)/ total
Urban household
Number of HH having ( rocket fired
cookers + LPG cookers + Electricity
cookers)/Total HH
Number of Rural HH having ( rocket
fired cookers + LPG cookers +
Electricity cookers)/Total rural HH
Number of Urban HH having ( rocket
fired cookers + LPG cookers +
Electricity cookers)/Total Urban HH
21
No
Indicator
Affordability
4
MacroEconomic
Affordability (%)
5
Average
Electricity Tariff
US$/kWh
5a
Residential- (1st
lifeline setting)
5b
Residential (2nd
lifeline setting)
5c
Residential- (3rd
lifeline setting)
5d
commercial
Description
Reliability, Accuracy, Limitations
Data sources
The indicator tracks fuel imports as a
percentage of GDP. The higher the figure, the
more vulnerable an economy is towards world
market price volatility.
The indicator is reliable and accurate
as long as fuel import data are
available. Its improvement is not
necessarily related to energy sector
performance but to economic growth
in general.
PRISM, Country
statistics office, IMF,
ADB, UN Statistics
Average tariffs for year (all tariff categories i.e.
residential, commercial, industrial) Requires
averaging over year as tariffs in most PICT
are adjusted several times in a year
Lifeline tariff if exist. The first setting is usually
targeted at low income users. For fixed tariff
customers the tariff rates remain the same.
Lifeline tariff if exist. The 2nd setting is usually
targeted residential tariff. For fixed tariff
customers the tariff rates remain the same.
Lifeline tariff if exist. The third and remaining
setting is usually targeted at high electricity
users. For fixed tariff customers the tariff rates
remain the same.
Tariff rates targeted at commercial customers
Tariff rates targeted at industrial customers
5e
Industrial
5f
Government
Tariff rates targeted at Government customers
5g
6
Electricity lifeline
subsidy
Household
Energy
Expenditure
Load (%)
Reviewer comments
Value Mineral Fuel Imports/GDP in
current US$
Average across all the tariff settings
Reliable and accurate indicator that
reflects the affordability of electricity
for household, businesses and
industrial consumers. Useful for a
comparison of countries. Tariff
structures however, vary widely
across the region.
Utility tariffs
reported via PPA
Average tariff for year in the respective
tariff categories
% share of tariff that is subsidised by the utility
company. Will need to enquire with the Utility
company what is the actual subsidy cost
absorbed by the utility based on their
operation and generation cost.
Share of household income spent on cooking
fuel and electricity
Formula
% share of tariff that is subsidised by
the utility company.
Indicator is not very accurate as it is
based on sample surveys (HIES) that
often suffer from understating of
incomes and other errors. Indicator is
more reliable if based on energy
focussed surveys and case studies.
HIES designs need improvement to
more accurately bring out energy
relevant data
HIES surveys, case
studies
Average energy expenditure( cooking
fuel + electricity bill)/average household
income
22
No
Indicator
Description
Reliability, Accuracy, Limitations
Data sources
Formula
Reviewer comments
Efficiency and Productivity
7
Energy Intensity
MJ/$US
Tracks the energy use per unit of GDP.
Indicator is widely used to compare
economies
8
Productive
Power Use (%)
Tracks the share of commercial and industrial
use of electricity in total supply
Accuracy can be compromised by
errors and gaps in national energy
statistics. Changes in indicator are not
a reliable sign of improvements in
energy sector performance
Indicator reliable and accurate. Has
some limitations as smaller
businesses may use power under
domestic tariff (if lower than
commercial tariff)
PRISM, Country
statistics office, IMF,
ADB, UN Statistics
Total final Energy
Consumption(TFES)/Total GDP
Utility billing records
Commercial & industrial electricity
billed/total electricity billed
National statistics
sum (all energy sector GHG emissions
from petroleum fuel)
National
Governments
10 ppm = 3; 50 ppm=2; 500 ppm plus =
1
National
Governments
Indicator to be described based on the
1. outline of energy office
administration structure in country
2. Key responsibilities covered by
energy office
3. Number of energy Staff
Environmental Quality
9
10
Carbon
Footprint
(tonnes CO2)
Tracks total GHG emissions using embedded
carbon as a measure (not UNFCC method)
Diesel Fuel
Assesses the standard for sulphur content of
Quality (ppm S)
diesel fuel in ppm sulphur
Leadership, governance, coordination
Assess the status the energy administration
has in respective country
11
12
Provides reliable indication of
contribution to global GHD emissions
and demonstrates the miniscule
contribution that PICTs make with
regard to global GHG production.
Reliable and accurate indicator which
provides information on local emission
levels
Indicator does not measure an
administrations performance, but the
priority a national government gives to
its energy sector. Might be better
described in qualitative terms
Status of Energy
Administration
Energy
Legislation
Assess the status the of energy sector
legislation in respective country
Measures only the formal legal
framework, not the level of
enforcement. Might be better
described in qualitative terms
National
Governments
Indicator assessed based on the
following
1. Provide a stocktake of energy
related legislated in country
2. Of the energy legislation identified
– provide
a. Brief description of the Act
b. Ministry or department that
administers the act
c. Key areas covered
d. Linkages to other act if
available.
23
No
13
Indicator
Description
Energy Planning, Policy Regulation
Energy Planning
Status
Assesses the state/quality of Energy Planning
in country.
Reliability, Accuracy, Limitations
‘Soft’ indicator, which aims to
measure if and how energy planning
is performed at national level. Does
not measure how planning translate
into practical action and/or
investments. Might be better
described in qualitative terms
Data sources
National
Government
Reports,
Presentation of plan
Formula
Reviewer comments
Indicator assess all the various
planning energy documents in country
looking at the following issues:

Implementation timeframe

Energy sector coverage

Office that administers

Existences of established
targets.

Inclusion of least cost
development plans
Indicator assess level of regulation in
the petroleum and power sector looking
at

Price setting

Method and approach taken
in price change submission

Standards

Regulator dependency






14
Energy Sector
Regulation
Assesses State of Energy Sector Regulation
Useful to provide a measure of
progress towards regulator
independent from government or
regulated entities
National
Governments,
Energy Sector
Legislation

Technical regulation
Licensing electricity
enterprises
Regulation of Public
Private Partnerships
Utility performance
System Expansion
and Resource
Planning
Environmental
Regulation
Labour
Regulation
24
No
15
16
16
a
16
b
17
18
Indicator
Enabling framework for
participation of selfgenerators from the
private sector
Private Sector
Contribution (%) to
Electricity Production
Electricity generated from
independent power
producers (%)
Description
Reliability, Accuracy, Limitations
Data sources
Assesses progress towards
enabling framework for private
sector participation
Reliable and accurate in measuring
the legal framework. Does not
measure actual investment from
private sector parties
National
Governments,
Energy Sector
Legislation
Formula
Indicator assess level of arrangement
taken in involving private sectors being
self-generators looking at the following:

Stock take on the number of
private suppliers

Legislation support

Policy and national planning
support

Standard agreements

Feed in -tariff setting
Reviewer comments
20 = 20a + 20b
20a = Total annual kWh supplied by
IPP/Total kWh send out
Electricity produced by net
Tracks share of electricity
metered installations feeding produced by Independent Power
into the Grid part-time or
Producers under power purchase
seasonally (%)
agreement
Energy Production and Supply - Petroleum
Accurate and reliable indicator which
describes the physical contribution
private sector operators make to a
countries electricity supply
Utility records
reported via PPA
20b = Total annual kWh supplied by net
metering/Total kWh send out
Petroleum Products Supply
Security(Days)
Measures the number of days a
country can keep operating in case
of a petroleum product supply
interruption.
Reliable indicator widely used to
measure the resilience/vulnerability of
a country in the event of an energy
crisis. Indicator assess the total
storage volume and total demand of
the critical fuel only – ADO, ULP and
DPK.
Petroleum import
statistics, Petroleum
companies
information
Fuel holding volume /Average
petroleum product consumption per day
Commercial Fuel Supply
Diversity (%)
Measures share of locally
produced fuel (biofuel or fossil) as
percentage of total commercial
supply
Only relevant for countries with fossil
fuel production and/or a local biofuel
industry. Reliable and accurate if
volumes are reported correctly
Petroleum import
statistics, Local
production
companies
information
Quantity of locally produced fuels
(t)/Total imports + local production (t)
25
No
19
20
21
Indicator
Description
Fuel Supply
Chain
Assesses control of countries over fuel supply
Arrangements
chain.
Renewable Energy
Renewable
energy share
(%)
Renewable
Resource
Knowledge
Measures share of renewable energy as
percentage of total supply for a given year
Assesses the quality of knowledge of national
renewable energy potential
Reliability, Accuracy, Limitations
Data sources
Qualitative indicator which describes
supply routes, procurement methods
and regulation. Might be better
described in qualitative terms
Petroleum import
statistics, Petroleum
companies
information
Formula
Indicator in assessing the fuel supply
chain arrangements also looks at the
following:

Stock take of Petroleum
companies In country;

Existence of fuel supply contracts

Petroleum storage facility and
pipeline ownership

Description of the supply chain
arrangements
Reliable and accurate for utilities.
National totals may not be as
accurate as output of stand-alone
systems are normally not measured
or even counted and rely on educated
guesses For most countries such info
is not available (and definitely not on
a yearly basis)
National statistics,
utility records
Quantity of RE (GJ)/Total Supply of
Energy (GJ)
National
governments,
Development
Partners, Regional
Organisations
Indicator assesses the level of
renewable energy knowledge by
individually assessing the various RE
source looking at the following:

Number of energy resource
monitoring sites

Number of energy resource
assessment sites undertaken

Listed number of sites identified
for monitoring

Number of feasibility study and
pilot projects undertaken

Number of potential sites
identified for RE power generation

Total potential RE installed
capacity
Qualitative but important indicator.
Knowledge of resources and
commercial potential of relevant RE is
a precondition for integrated planning
and efficient allocation of investment
resources. Might be better described
in qualitative terms
Reviewer comments
26
No
Indicator
Description
Energy Conversion
22
Electrical Load
factor (%)
Total actual electricity generation as a
percentage of theoretical generation at peak
demand setting.
23
Electrical
Capacity factor
(%)
Total actual electricity generation as a
percentage of theoretical generation at full
rated power setting.
25
Specific fuel oil
consumption of
thermal
generators
(kWh/l)
Electric Grid
transmission
Distribution
Losses (%)
26
Lost Supply
(SAIDI) - minutes
Tracks Electricity Outage time (minutes of lost
supply per customer per year)
27
Renewable
Energy
Electricity
Contribution (%)
Measures share of renewable energies as
percentage of total electricity supply in grid
and off grid sites
27
a
RE as a % of total
electricity supply
– GRID
connected
Measures share of renewable energies as
percentage of total electricity supply in grid
connected sites
27
b
RE as a % of total
electricity supply
– OFF -GRID
connected
Measures share of renewable energies as
percentage of total electricity supply in off grid
sites
24
Measures the annual average fuel conversion
efficiency for diesel generation
Compares the amount of kWh sold with the
amount of kWh send out from the power
station
Reliability, Accuracy, Limitations
Reliable and accurate indicator.
Higher the load factor of the power
station lesser will be the cost per unit
generated. Poor load factor means
inefficient use of plant and capital.
Reliable and accurate indicator. The
capacity factor is a measure of the
operating efficiency which indicates
the ability of a generating plant to
deliver at its full capacity. It is
indirectly an indicator of the reliability
of supply
Reliable and accurate indicator. May
become distorted when renewable
energy generation is not separated
Reliable and accurate if utilities keep
good records. Accuracy may be
distorted if unmetered supply (for
example street lighting) exists.
Internationally used indicator for utility
performance. Reliable and accurate if
data are available
Reliable and accurate indicator
sometimes also used as a target for
utilities
Data sources
Formula
Utility records via
PPA
Load factor = [Annual Generation
(MWh) * 100]/
[Peak generated load (MW) * Period
hours (8,760)]
Utility records via
PPA
Capacity Factor = [Annual Generation
(MWh) * 100]/
[Installed plant capacity (MW) * Period
hours (8,760)]
Utility records via
PPA
kWh send out/litre of fuel used
Utility records via
PPA
Utility
records/benchmarki
ng via PPA
Reviewer comments
kWh send out - kWh sold/kWh send out
Sum of all customer interruption
duration/total number of all customers
Utility records via
PPA
Quantity of RE kWh from Grid and off
grid connexion/(Total Grid Supply of
kWh send out + total off grid
generation)
Utility records via
PPA
Quantity of RE kWh injected into the
grid system/Total Supply of kWh send
out
Energy Office and
power utilities off
grid projects
Quantity of RE kWh injected in off grid
systems/Total generation of grid
connected system
27
No
Indicator
Reliability, Accuracy, Limitations
Data sources
28
End-use Energy Consumption
Wholesale &
Retail Fuel
Prices (US$/l
Tracks retail and wholesale fuel prices for
US$/kg)
petroleum products (diesel, petrol, DPK, LPG)
Data available from Pacific Fuel Price
monitor. Reliability and accuracy
depends on reporting quality by
countries. Data for LPG often missing
National records,
SPC fuel price
monitoring
29
Legislative
framework
supporting
energy
efficiency
initiatives in the
end use sector
Qualitative indicator which does not
measure enforcement of legislation.
National Records
30
31
Appliance
Labelling
Programme
Subsidy
mechanism
supporting tariff
and fuel price
setting at the
residential level
Description
Assesses progress towards a comprehensive
legislative framework for import of end use
devises
Assesses state of appliance labelling
Assess the types of subsidies applied at
electricity tariffs and fuel prices
Qualitative indicator which does not
measure enforcement of legislation
Qualitative indicator. Indicator assess
decision making applied to electricity
tariff setting and fuel price cost in the
event of high global fuel prices.
National
governments,
Development
Partners, Regional
Organisations
National
governments,
Formula
Reviewer comments
Average fuel price per year
Indicator in assessing supporting
legislation for EE initiatives will be
looking at three groups Household
appliances, Buildings and vehicles and
assessing the group based on the
following:

Advocacy activities

Tax and duty incentives

Regulation
Indicator in assessing appliance
labelling initiatives will mainly be
looking at refrigerators, freezers, air
conditioners and washing machines
and assessing the group based on the
following:

Major country of import

Status of labelling programme in
country

Key areas covered
Indicator assess the subsidy cost taken
up by government or the utilities for
Tariff and fuel prices looking at the
following:

Fuel duty and tax subsidies
applied for utility company

Losses absorbed by government
or companies as part of social
obligation in price setting

Planned intervention utility or fuel
company have in light of High
global fuel prices
28
Indicator
Description
Energy data and information
32
Status on the
availability of
national energy
balance.
Assesses availability of national key energy
data to SPC data management unit and other
regional stakeholders
Reliability, Accuracy, Limitations
Data sources
Comprehensive energy balance data
rarely available for PICT. Indicator
measures work towards establishing
such energy balances
National Records,
Utility Records
Grant and loan
commitments active
in a given year
Energy
administration
Formula
Reviewer comments
Indicator assess the availability of the
national energy balance by looking at
the status of energy availability of
various energy sector as follows:

Power sector

Small scale power - off grid

Petroleum sector

RE for heating and cooking

Energy balance
Financing, Monitoring & Evaluation
33
Energy Portfolio
(US$)
Tracks the flow of funding into the regions
energy sector
Indicator is not developed for 2009
baseline but provides a current
(2011) snapshot of the active
portfolios of relevant stakeholders. In
order to be meaningful this indicator
needs to be up-dated on an annual
basis as old projects drop off and
new ones come on line.
34
Monitoring and
Evaluation
Framework
Assesses if there is a national energy sector
M&E framework in place
Qualitative indicator
Grant aid commitments + low or no
interest Loan commitments +
commercial loan commitments
Indicator provides description of the
M&E framework in country looking at:

National Energy M& E framework

Project specific M&E

Presence of a national energy
team
29
30