Emerging Trends In Technical
Education- Future Challenges
St. Vincent Palloti College of Engineering and
Technology
Nagpur
24 th July 2005
Prof. M. U. Deshpande
Kanwal Rekhi School of Information Technology
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Greatest Achievements: 20th
Century
Electrification
Automobile
Airplane
Water Supply
Electronics
Radio TV
Agriculture
Mechanization
Computers
Telephone
Air conditioner &
Refrigeration
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Highways
Spacecraft
Internet
Imaging
Household Appliances
Health Technology
Petroleum/Petrochemic
als
Laser & Fibre Optics
Nuclear Technology
High performance
materials
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Global Higher Education
Trillion Dollar today
MIT alone has annual budget of $ 1+ Billion; Tutgers
1.5 Billion
Growing fast thanks to knowledge economy
Major US Institutions opening up campuses around
the world (may even be in India after 2005)
Australia with laser sharp focus is reaping the
benefits in India & China
Interesting numbers – 65,000 Indian students to
USA, 65,000 to rest of the world (2002) with $ 30K
per student is 3+ Billion dollars of “lost
opportunity”
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Indian Higher Education
A million students in engineering alone
Except a handful of Institutions many do not
have a “mind share” and naturally no “market
share”
Public Private partnership is the viable model
Too much central control makes them not play
the card well; not striving towards excellence;
“output” control lacking but full of “input”
control; many weak institutions are not
allowed to “die”; we need to grow still; not a
single world-scale Institution
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Opportunities for Indian Higher
Education
Can be “guru” to the world; world’s education
hub; teaching back office;
Software industry success “trio” (Q+Q+E)
applies to higher education too
Need to act quickly
At least start with IT Education; extend to
others (software industry started with core
software; today extends to ITES, Design,
Publishing, Medicine ….)
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Technical Education
Key Societal Enabler
Able and Competent Human Resource crucial
National Asset
Prime Factor of Production in Modern
Economy
Quality pre requisite for global
competition/massive expansion/fast changing
needs scenario
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Quality Assessment Initiatives
Relative Recent Phenomenon
Origin in Mass Manufacturing of Consumer
goods
Minimum Variance (SPC)
Least defects
Customer perception/expectation
CONFORMANCE – ADAPTABILITY – INNOVATION
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Can Quality be Quantified?
Excites strong emotions
Subjectivity – Objectivity
Measurement’s importance
Sensory perceptions
Sight/Sound/Taste/Touch/Smell/IQ-EQ
Issue is consistency and reliability amenability
to mass application.
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Globally Used Quality Indices for
Academic Institutions
Depth of course work
Staff Student Ratio
Applications/Seat
Pass Ratio
Alumni Achievements
Endowments
Library/BW
Laboratories
Reputation/Placement
Faculty Quality etc.
R&D Papers/Patents
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Good Features of Quality
Systems
1. Assessment: Multidimensional several
measurable aspects
2. Achievements: Of majority faculty students
3. Indices: Per capita not of aggregate groups or
cumulative
4. Outcome Indicators: Student learning added
competence
5. VALIDATION: BY USERS / PEERS
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Dale’s Cone of Experience
People Generally Remember
10% of what they read
20% of what they hear
30% of what they see
People are able to: (Learning Outcomes)
Read
Hear
*Define
*List
View Images
Watch Videos
50% of what they
hear and see
70% of what
they say and write
90% of what
They say as
They do a
thing
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*Describe
*Explain
Visit Exhibit/Sites
•Demonstrate
•Apply
•Practice
Watch a Demonstration
Design Collaborative Lesson
Participate in Hands-on Activity
Simulate, Model or Experience
Design/perform a Presentation Do “the real thing”
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
•Analyze
•Design
•Create
•Evaluate
Establishing New Learning Environments
Traditional ---
Incorporating --- New Environment
New Strategies
Teacher-centered instruction  Learner – centered
environments
Single sense stimulation  Multisensory stimulation
Single path progression  Multipath progression
Single Media  Multimedia
Isolated Work  Collaborative work
Information Delivery  Information exchange
Passive learning  Active/exploratory/inquiry based
learning
Factual/literal thinking  Critical thinking, informed
decision making
Reactive response  Proactive/planned action
Isolated, artificial context  authentic, real world
context
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Teaching Learning Process
Synergy of:
– Faculty
- Students
- Infrastructure
- DEP / Institution
NBA Focus on Process:
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Academic calendar
Syllabi Delivery
Evaluation Systems
Info access
Enablers of faculty/student initiatives
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Student Quality
Number of application/seat
Diverse background
Time to complete degree
Quality of practical training/Projects
Placement and Initial Salaries
No taking GATE / PG Courses
Alumni reputation/entrepreneurs
Foreign students
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Faculty Quality Indicators
Number of applications/position
Publications, awards, patents
Sponsored projects/consultancy
Retention/turnover
Teaching Quality Innovations
Public service
Industry Exposures
Career satisfaction levels
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Institutional Quality
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Strategic Planning
Interaction with Industry/Govt.
Resource Mobilization for better facilities
R&D and Training programs held
Interdisciplinary Initiatives
Perceived reputation
Student acceptability in Global Market
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Technology Status
Support services for catering to large student
groups
Faculty and student access to World
knowledge and Best Practices
Service to society through Faculty expertise,
Annual reports
Active well maintained public image through
Website and Links
Quality practices in house ISO/Six Sigma
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Teaching Process Fundamental:
Classroom dynamics
Processes and services to promote
Student Comprehension
Recall
Critical Thinking
Imaging Import /systems
- Documentation
- Graphics
- Graphing
- Multimedia
ICT Technologies
Better Education
Cost Effective
Value adding for average student
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Technology in Teaching &
Learning
Integration widely desired but difficult without
pervasive preparation.
Ownership by faculty/students/managements.
Only few enthusiastic individuals will not
ensure sustainability.
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
3 Keys to Technology Planning
& Management
Encourage and train faculty – critical mass
Support student productivity – learning
efficiency
Technology integrated curriculum
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Directions of Organized
Education
Engineering courses to move towards
• Course-credit / modular structure
• Elective in senior years
• Broad base to courses rather than
narrow specialization
• Emphasis on hands-on practical work
• Developing personality & enterprise
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Student Awareness Rucksack
1. Team working requirements
2. Communication & interpersonal skills
3. Standards unified/International
EURO/ISO/SI/TQM
4. Personal Management





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Change
Flexibility & Adaptability
Ability to work any time/place/site
Life long learning
Plan develop & execute career trajectory
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Holistic Engineering Practice
Systems thinking
 Inductive, integrative life cycle management
Critical thinking (extension of knowledge)
Learning to do good
 Sustainable/appropriate/safe designs &
process
Innovation coupled to world market place
 Political/environment/human issues with
technical
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Paradigms in Laboratory Work in
Engineering Education
Basic Nature and Purpose
 What should change
 What should remain
 Benchmarks
Human and Financial Resources
 For instruction and assessment
 For certification testing and R&D
 Management Structures
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Quality and Cost Concerns
Huge expansion of Technical Education
Lab provisions grossly inadequate
Misleading assessment in Practical marks
Expensive equipments and need for duplication
Cost centers/no resource generation
Staff – low quality high cost
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Nature and Purpose of Lab Work
Essential Scaffolding to evolving learning
structure
Reinforcement of Theory “concepts”
Awareness of Modeling the Abstract
To affirm on cause-effect relationship
Skill in measurements of physical variables
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Measurements in Science &
Technology
Lord Kelvin: When you can measure what
you are speaking about and express it in
numbers, you know something, ……
McNamara Fallacy: We tend to give too
much importance to what is measurable
rather than trying to measure the
important ……
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Laboratory Provision in Engineering
Curriculum
International Accreditation Criteria, ABET
Graduate to demonstrate ability
To design and construct experiment
Use tools of modern Engineering for Engineering
practice
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Categories of Lab Work
Curriculum support (UG)
Analytical Instrumentation

For exploration in state of Art Technologies
Research Lab for work in leading edge technologies
Testing, calibration, maintenance
To ensure reliability and sustainability
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Difficulties in Implementation
Large number of students and batches
Batch size 15-20
Two supervisors
Ensuring Learning / avoidance of harm
Insistence of daytime learning
Time table management difficult
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Opportunities in Third Party
Testing
Testing of components, products & systems
Conformance to standards / calibration
Laboratory accreditation NABL
Professional management qualified staff
Quality assurance systems in Lab
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Use of Technology in Lab Work
1. Audio video clips of working experiments
commentary by Faculty
2. Software simulation
But context of Real World needs to be
brought out
3. Safety and harm avoidance aspects
4. Database of standards / best practices
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Accreditation Abroad (contd.)
ECPD  ABET 1980 for Engineering
programs. Computer Science Accreditation
Board – 1984
CSAB merged in ABET 2001
Engineering council in UK, IEE / ICE, ImechE.
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Accreditation Abroad
Education Accreditation more than a century old
Oldest accreditation of Engineering program
U.S. 1932 ECPD
Accredited qualification as Prerequisite of
Professional License to practice. Hence
controlled by professional societies.
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Washington Accord
Accreditation Agencies of Developed World
agreement for recognition of accredited
program in respective countries for License to
Professional Practice
Original Six
USA, Canada, UK, Ireland, Australia, Newzeland
Now added: RSA, Hongkong
Provisional Signatory Status
Japan, Singapore, Germany, Malaysia
India applicant - Team visiting January 2005
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Washington Accord (Contd.)
Only UG Degree programs covered
Ready acceptance of respective country’s
academic requirements for entry to practice of
profession of Engineering.
Covers Quality Assurance of online and web
based instruction and programs
Imported/exported .
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
GATE – Global Alliance for
Transnational Education - 1996
Private Multinational Industry Initiative looking
for qualified manpower from developing
countries.
Originally founded by Jones International,
joined later by Coca cola, Ericsson etc.
Center for Quality Assurance in International
Education Washington DC
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Sample ABET – Outcome for
Engineering Students
Ability to apply knowledge of Maths, Science
and Engineering
Ability to design and conduct expert and
analyze and interpret data
Ability to design a system component or
process to meet desired needs
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Sample ABET – Outcome for
Engineering Students (contd.)
Additionals from 2005 onwards
Broad general education to understand impact
of Engineering solutions on society and globe
Life long learning ability
Knowledge of contemporary issues
Ability to use technics, skills and modern
engineering tools for engineering practice.
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Sample ABET – Outcome for
Engineering Students (contd.)
Additionals from 2005 onwards
Ability to function on multi disc team
Ability to identify, formulate and solve
engineering problems
Understanding a professional and ethical
responsibilities
Ability to communicate effectively
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Sample ABET – Outcome for
Engineering Students (contd.)
Program to possess assessment process with
documented results.
Also evidence that these results are used to
further develop and improve the program.
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Boundaryless Careers
Globalization and Economic restructuring
Traditional concepts of career affected
How to survive without job for life
No roadmap to guide firm’s fortune and
employee status or place in society
No stable organizational & occupational
structures
Personal initiative and mutual cooperation
Agency and communion manage own
arrangements of working with others.
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Silicon Valley
Boundarylessness – Key advantage
Individualistic open labour market
Dynamic Industry demanding
Constant innovation
Needs knowledge sharing. Delicate balance
sharing between cooperation and competition
Hewlet of HP – If you want to succeed here you
must be willing – to change jobs often
- talk to your competitors
- Take risk, even if it leads to failure
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Boundaryless Careers
Employees identify with their profession and not
their companies.
Job changing norms – Average 2-3 years
35% turn over
A colleague – Customer
Boss – Subordinate
Respect and authority through competence
Technical excellence and market share highest
regards – successful entrepreneurs
Key to success – Continuous learning through
relationships
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Silicon Valley
Collective actions
 Mutual interest
 Intellectual curiosity
 Problem solving leading to
Developing
 New Markets
 New Technologies
 Products/applications
People rub shoulders/share ideas
Social interaction replaces hierarchy central
planning
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Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB
Thank you.
7/17/2016
Prof. M.U. Deshpande, IITB