KNOWLEGDE, AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE TO RECREATIONALCTIVITIES AMONG
ORTHOPAEDIC PATIENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN TEACHING HOSPITAL
[UITH],ILORIN,KWARA STATE
BY
DR E.O.MORAKINYO
HUMAN KINETICS AND HEALTH EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, IBADAN
AND
T.O IBRAHEEM
PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT,
UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, ILORIN
Abstract
This study examined the knowledge and awareness of recreational activities among
orthopedic patients of the university of Ilorin Teaching hospital [UITH].It employed the use of descriptive
survey research method and sixty-three orthopedic patients were selected through random sampling
technique. A self structured and validated Likert type questionnaire was employed in data collection
with reliability valued of 0.78r while the chi-square (x2) statistic was the major statistical tools used for
the data analysis. The three hypotheses set in the study were rejected at 0.05 level of significance. The
results revealed that orthopedic patients in the UITH have knowledge and aware of recreation
equipment, facilities and programmes available in the hospital. Thereafter recommendations were
made which include, educating the orthopedic patients on how to manage their ailment through
exercise and recreation.
Introduction
Recreation has traditionally been described as an activity or experience voluntarily
chosen and carried on within one’s leisure, either because of the satisfaction or pleasure it provides or
for other important values or benefits for the participants (Anejo, 2006). Bucher and Krotee(2002)
explained that recreation services are concerned with those activities in which a person participates
during hours other than work. They imply that the individual has chose certain actives in which to
engage voluntarily because of inner self-motivating desire. Such participation gives him/her a satisfying
experience and develops physical, social moral mental and aesthetic qualities contributing to a better
existence.
However, a dynamic and positive approach increasingly important in healthful living thereby
prompting people with disability to participate in recreation nowadays as therapy or treatment to
relieve or heal physiological and physiological disorder. United Nation (1981) defined disability as the
limitation in an individual’s capacity to perform activities which are generally accepted as basic
components of daily living such as self age, sex and social role as a result of physical or mental functional
limitation, it also includes the matter of the individual adjustments to his limitation.
Historically, Salami (2003) Citing Scruton (1998) asserted that sports for the differently
disabled could be traced to 1888 when the sport club for the deaf was formed in Berlin. Even since,
several sporting activities have been organized all over the world for the physically and visual handicaps.
The sports and games of the para-olympic games include, archery, athletic (track and field), basketball
cycling, fencing, judo, bowling, gymnastic, shooting, snooker, swimming, table-tennis, tennis, volleyball,
wrestling and yachting. The para-olympic is for the elite athletes with physical and visual impairment all
over the world.
To alleviate disabilities and promote health through participation in regular exercises and
recreation activities, the untied state Department of Health stipulating and highlighting some
physical exercise to alleviate handicapping conditions. Pertinently in Nigeria according to
Ademokoya and Oyewumi (2004), the Nigeria government has taken giant steps in assisting the
handicap people by establishing the first schools for the blind, Gindiri, Plateau state 1953, the
establishing of special schools for the blind and the deaf persons in Orji River, Enugu state and
Ibadan, Oyo state in 1960s and establishment of tertiary institutions such as Federal College of
Education (Special) Oyo, Oyo state with Physical Education curriculum and establishment of
physiotherapy sections in the country Teaching Hospitals.
Mull, Bayless, Ross and Jamiession (1997)and Folawiyo(2001) opined that although the primary
purpose of recreation is to provide a variety of activities so that the need and interest of the entire
population (able, disabled, ill, aged, disadvantaged and handicapped) are met as far as practicable and
possible. It serves as a valuable tool in rehabilitation process or for the purposive intervention in some
physical, emotional and social behavior
Bucher and Krotee (2002) established that the goals of having persons with disabilities
participate in the least restrictive environment and enjoy the regular recreational sports programmes is
challenging. Ademuyiwa (2003) supported that the exercising the affected part will give life to part for
free and frequent circulation of blood, which will in turn introduce or give the needed oxygen to the
area for; the normal functioning.
Ademuyiwa (2003) further suggested activities for improvement of the orthopedic
handicapped people as, normal dancing activities with uncomplicated patterns, throwing, catching,
bouncing and rolling of balls, while the player is graced to his wheel chair or supported by his crutches in
a standing position. Other activities include light bag punching, modified gymnastic activities,
participating in running and jumping events. Engaging in swimming, but it has to be with support in
water.
In order to achieve its rehabilitative objectives, Mull, et al (1997) stressed that, processes and
considerations such as environmental conditions, nature of activities, supervision and the type of
participants and fitting (selection, conduct) of the sports activities to them are very important.
Therefore, it is pertinent at this juncture to assess the awareness of orthopedic patients
on recreation, knowledge on the benefits of recreation and their attitude towards participation in
recreational activities to alleviate their health problems
Statements of the problem.
Salami (2002) observed that the general attitude of people towards the disabled person
is governed by stigmatization. Also, research effort of salami (2003) revealed that most often, the
disabled find it most difficult to take part in sporting activities because they are ashamed of their
handicap or afraid of being injured.
It is observed that university of Ilorin Teaching Hospital UITH Ilorin has befitting
physiotherapy laboratory for the orthopedic patients to improve on the anatomical ailments, inspite of
this provision, a few numbers of these patients regularly visit this laboratory.
Hypotheses
1. Knowledge of the orthopedic patients in university of Ilorin Teaching Hospital on recreation has
no significant difference on their involvement in recreational activities
2. Awareness of the orthopedic in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital has no significant on their
involvement in recreational activities.
3. Attitude of the orthopedic patients in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital has no significant
difference on their involvement in recreational activities.
Methodology
The research design adopted for the study was a descriptive research design.
Random sampling technique was used to select sixty-three (63) respondents out of eighty two (82)
patients that can participate in the study due to severity of their conditions.
The instrument for this was a self-developed and structured questionnaire on a 4-point
Likert format duely validated by experts in the field of physical and Health Education and Education
Evaluation. The instrument was pre-tested using 20 patients from University Teaching Hospital
Ibadan.
The pre-test result produced a test-retest reliability estimate (two weeks internal) of 0.78r
using Coach’s coefficient alpha value.
Data was collected by the researcher and two trained research assistants. The data collected
was processed using the chi-square the chi-square (x2) at the 0.05 level of significance.
RESULT
Table 1:-x2 table on knowledge of orthopedic patients in UITH Ilorin and their
involvement in recreational activities.
S/N
ITEMS
SA
A
D
SD
TOTAL
X2
ASSP
DECISION
VALUE SIG.
Recreation is worth
1.
While activities one
Engages during
42
8
8
5
66.66%
12.70 12.70% 7.94%
45
6
63
100%
36.492
000
Rejected
000
Rejected
Leisure hours
2.
Recreation can be
Both out door and 71.43%
7
5
9.52% 17.46% 7.96%
63
100%
40.095
in door
3.
Recreation and be
32
Used as theraphy to 50.97%
12
12
7
19.05% 17.46% 19.05
63
100% 39.667
000
Rejected
physical disorder
Total
119
26
63%
13.8
17
17
14.3% 9%
189
100%
N=63, df=2, P≤0.05, cri. Value 15.3
Table 1 showed the response to knowledge of the orthopedic patients on their involvement
in recreation. It is deduced from the table that 63% of the respondents strongly agreed while 9%
strongly disagreed to the knowledge of recreation. The chi-square value observed on the three items
were 36.492,40.095 and 39.667 respectively higher than the critical value of 15.3. Therefore reject the
hypothesis which stated that knowledge of the orthopedic patients in UITH Ilorin has no majorly of the
respondents had the knowledge of recreation and prompted them to participate actively in it.
Table II x2 table on the of orthopedic patients in UITH Ilorin and their involvement in
recreational activities.
S/N
ITEMS
4
SA
A
SD
TOTAL
X2
ASSP
VALUE
SIG
32.429
000
DECISION
The physiotherapy
Lab of UITH Ilorin is
Well equipped
5
35
14
The physiotherapy- 36
Time schedule for
Physical activities
10
4
63
55:6% 22.2% 15.9% 6.9% 100%
12
Pists are competent 57.1% 15.9%
6
D
22
15
34.9% 23.8%
10
4
6.4% 1005
14
12
2.2% 19.1%
Rejected
63
38.524
000
63 38.
524
000
100%
11.857 000
Rejected
Rejected
Accepted is
adequate.
Total
93
49.2%
41
34
189
21.7%
18%
10.6%
100%
N=63, df=2, p≤0.05, cri. Value 15.3
On the awareness of orthopedic patients about recreation which prompted their
involvement in it. 49.2% of the respondents strongly agreed of the awareness while 10.6% strongly
disagreed the chi-square obtained on the three items were 32.429, 38.524, 11.857 which two out of the
three were greater than the critical value of 15.3 connoting that the null hypothesis of no significant
difference between the awareness of orthopedic patients and their involvement in recreation was
rejected. Showing the fact that through the awareness they had about recreation and where to engage
in it majorly of the respondents participated.
Table III –X2 table on attitude of orthopedic patients and their involvement in recreational activities.
S/N
ITEMS
SA
A
D
SD
TOTAL
X2
ASSP
DECISION
VALUE SIG
7
The provisions
36
12
8
7
Made encourage 57.1% 19.1% 12.7% 7.5%
63
100%
26.57
000
Rejected
Patients visit
Physiotherapy
1
Lab regularly
8 physiotherapy
Improvement got
43
10
6
Through it makes 68.3% 15.9% 9.6%
4
63
6.35%
100%
For continuous
30.95
000
Rejected
000
Rejected
2
Participation
9 it is good
52
3
Recreate regularly 82.5% 4.8%
Total
131
25
5
7.9%
19
69.3% 13.2% 10.1%
3
4.8
63
100%
14
63
1.4%
100%
16.92
N=63, df=2, P≤0.05, critical value= 15.3.
Table III revealed the attitude of the respondents to the recreational activities. 69.3% of them
strongly agreed to the positive change in their attitude to recreation while 7.4% strongly disagreed the
chi square value of 26.571, 30.952 and 16.921 were observed on the three items respectively which
stated that attitude of orthopedic patients in UITH Ilorin has no significant difference in their
involvement in recreational sports was rejected. Thus, their awareness and knowledge of recreation
changed their attitude participation in recreational activities.
Discussion
Recreation is believed to have enormous benefits to those who participate in it. It was revealed
in the study that awareness of recreation by majorly of orthopedic patients in University of Ilorin
Teaching Hospital prompted their love and participation in recreational activities in the Hospital
physiotherapy laboratory.
This corroborated by the assertion of Ademuyiwa (2003) that an increasing awareness among educators
and other concern citizen prompt the need to assist the physically challenged individual by designing a
number of programmes to alleviate the problems. Money, Okpala and Ezomoh (2004) buttressed that
this is done in order to extend the numerous benefits of taking part in sporting activities to the
physically challenge people.
It is however showed from the results of findings that awareness of recreation exposed
majority of the respondents to knowledge of it invariably encouraged them to participate in it. This is
contrary to the observation of Oloyede (2004) that Nigerians are not yet properly oriented to the
importance of recreation fitness as vital instrument of maintain organic fitness. Therefore Awosika
(1987) postulated that the concept of wellness through participation in sports either competitive or
recreational should be brought to a national focus as a form of health promotion and an area of
preventive medicine.
Awareness and knoeledge of recreational positively changed the attitude of orthopedic
patients in UITH Ilorin towards recreation as revealed from the study. This is in line with the view of
Adegun (2005) that, the health level of an individual is determined by the type of relating to health. The
activities and behaviors of an individual’s of an individuals are pointers to his or her attainment in
health. Therefore, Ibrahim (2004) asserted that physical exercise and recreation contribute to
attainment and maintenance of physiological and psychological vitality.
Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusion are made.
1.Knowledge of recreation was identified as a significant variable determining orthopedics patients
involvement in recreation.
2.Awareness of recreational equipment and facilities was found to significantly
Determine orthopedic patients involvement in recreation.
3.Knowledge and awareness of recreation also found to significantly assisted orthopedic
Patients develop positive attitude to recreation.
Recommendations
1. There is urgent need to educate orthopedic patients on how to manage
Their ailment through exercise and recreation equipment by visiting physiotherapy section
Of the hospital.
2. There should be enlightenment on available recreational equipment,
Facilities and progammes available for the physically challenged patients.
3.Physically challenged or orthopedic patients should develop positive attitude recreation and exercise
for optimum physiological and psychological development.
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