The Australian Coastal Sediment
Compartments Project
Methodology and Product Development
GEOSCIENCE AUSTRALIA
RECORD 2015/25
A. McPherson, M. Hazelwood, D. Moore, K. Owen, S. Nichol and F. Howard
Department of Industry, Innovation and Science
Minister for Resources, Energy and Northern Australia: The Hon Josh Frydenberg MP
Assistant Minister for Science: The Hon Karen Andrews MP
Secretary: Ms Glenys Beauchamp PSM
Geoscience Australia
Chief Executive Officer: Dr Chris Pigram
This paper is published with the permission of the CEO, Geoscience Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2015
With the exception of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms and where otherwise noted, this product is
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Geoscience Australia has tried to make the information in this product as accurate as possible.
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ISSN 2201-702X (PDF)
ISBN 978-1-925124-86-6 (PDF)
GeoCat 84574
Bibliographic reference: McPherson, A., Hazelwood, M., Moore, D., Owen, K., Nichol, S. & Howard, F.
2015. The Australian Coastal Sediment Compartments Project: methodology and product development.
Record 2015/25. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/Record.2015.025
Geoscience Australia acknowledges support from the Australian Government Department of Climate
Change and Energy Efficiency (now Department of Environment) and the Bushfire and Natural
Hazards CRC.
Contents
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................1
2 Background ...........................................................................................................................................2
3 Development of the Coastal Sediment Compartments .........................................................................7
3.1 Baseline Data Sets ..........................................................................................................................7
3.2 Compartment Boundary Points ........................................................................................................8
3.3 Landward and Seaward Boundaries ..............................................................................................10
3.4 Compartment Data Model ..............................................................................................................10
3.5 Construction of Compartment Polygons ........................................................................................12
3.6 Quality Assurance ..........................................................................................................................12
3.7 Product Revision ............................................................................................................................13
4 References ..........................................................................................................................................18
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The Australian Coastal Sediment Compartments Project
1 Introduction
This document captures the decision-making and technical processes involved in generating the
coastal sediment compartment data sets for Australia. The Australian Coastal Sediment
Compartments Project was undertaken by Geoscience Australia with the aim of generating and
delivering a series of discrete spatial units (compartments) in the Australian coastal zone at several
spatial scales. The compartments are intended to provide a framework for integrating data and
information relevant to sediment movement systems in the Australian coastal zone, and the
geomorphic processes that drive them. Such data and information provide a fundamental baseline
necessary for benchmarking predictions of shoreline response to sea-level rise and other met-ocean
processes under varying climate scenarios. In turn, such information is therefore critical to the
development of fit-for-purpose adaptation planning and management instruments. By contributing to a
robust, nationally-consistent, process-based coastal classification, outputs of this project provide a
conceptual framework to support coastal management at a range of scales, and guide the selection of
approaches for modelling shoreline response.
The compartments data sets have been generated through the combined experience of an expert
panel of coastal scientists. The compartment boundary points along the coastline are typically defined
by prominent geological or geomorphic features and were identified by the expert panel as being
potentially significant for sediment movement processes in the coastal zone. The attributes contained
in these data sets relate to the boundary points only and thus the compartments themselves do not
have any data or information attributed to them. The compartments provide a framework within which
consideration can be given to the implications of coastal engineering works and other management
and planning decisions (Thom, 2014).
In this document, we present a high-level description of the methodology applied to create the coastal
sediment compartments down to the regional (primary) and sub-regional (secondary) level, along with
information regarding the spatial analysis and quality assurance processes used to generate the
data sets. This methodology has not included a systematic analysis of sediment movement. For a
more detailed explanation of the compartments methodology the reader is referred to Eliot et al.
(2011a, b), while further contextual information can be found in Thom (2014).
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2 Background
At a workshop hosted by the Commonwealth Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency
(DCCEE) in Canberra on 17 February 2011 an initial broad-scale compartmentalisation of the Australian
coast was developed (Ian Eliot, pers. comm. 2011). This compartmentalisation was subsequently revisited and progressed during a technical workshop hosted by Geoscience Australia in Canberra from
16-18 October 2012, which brought together the team of Australian coastal science experts listed below.

Prof. Bruce Thom – University of Sydney and the Wentworth Group

Prof. Andy Short – University of Sydney

Prof. Colin Woodroffe – University of Wollongong

Dr. Ian Eliot – University of Western Australia

Mr. Chris Sharples – University of Tasmania

Dr. Brendan Brooke – Geoscience Australia

Dr. Scott Nichol – Geoscience Australia
The technical workshop had the goal of creating regional (primary) and sub-regional (secondary) scale
coastal sediment compartments and generating and capturing relevant attribute information relevant to
each compartment. The initial step in achieving this involved sub-dividing the Australian coastal zone
into a hierarchical set of broad-scale spatial units defined using a number of scale-dependent
environmental criteria (Table 2.1). Figure 2.1 shows the broadest scale Coastal Realms, while
Figure 2.2 shows the Coastal Regions and Figure 2.3 the Coastal Divisions.
Table 2.1. Criteria used to generate broad-scale sub-divisions of the Australian coastal zone.
Dataset
Criteria
Scale
Coastal Realms
Climatic processes: tropical versus temperate
Oceanic processes: wave- versus tide-dominated
1:5 000 000
Coastal Regions Major geological divisions
Major met-ocean processes
Orientation of the coastline
1:1 000 000
Coastal Divisions Major geological structures
1:250 000
Major process boundaries
Orientation of the coastline
Areas with recurring patterns of landform and geology
This initial process was followed by further sub-division of the Australian coastal zone into regional
(primary) and sub-regional (secondary) scale compartments (see Development of the Coastal Sediment
Compartments). These spatial units provide a framework within which sediment movement and other
geomorphic processes can be considered or assessed at a range of management scales and
timeframes (cf. Eliot et al., 2011a, b; Thom, 2014) (Figure 2.4). At these primary and secondary
compartment scales additional tools, such as the National Coastal Geomorphology Classification (Griffin
et al., 2010; Hazelwood et al., 2013), may be applied in order to better characterise compartments or to
aid in prioritising future work.
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Figure 2.1. Coastal Realms for the Australian continent.
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Figure 2.2. Coastal Regions for the Australian continent.
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Figure 2.3. Coastal Divisions for the Australian continent.
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Figure 2.4. Coastal sediment compartment scale, application and management timeframes (from Thom, 2014).
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The Australian Coastal Sediment Compartments Project
3 Development of the Coastal Sediment
Compartments
For the purposes of this project the technical workshop defined a coastal sediment compartment as:
… a component of the geological framework of the coast. It is an area of the coast bounded
alongshore by large geologic structures, changes in geology or geomorphic features exerting control
on the planform of the coast. Compartments contain a particular land system or landform association
depending on the scale at which they are being described.
The process of creating the primary and secondary compartments involved the following steps:

Identification of the relevant baseline reference data sets.

Assessment of the baseline data followed by identification and capture of appropriate compartment
boundary point locations along the coastline at both primary and secondary scales.

Determination of the landward and seaward boundaries for both primary and secondary
compartment scales using available topographic and bathymetric data.

Development of the compartment data model and attribution with data from the coastal science
experts.

Generation of the primary and secondary compartment polygons. NOTE: Secondary
compartments sit within primary compartments and do not overlap primary compartment
boundaries.

Application of spatial quality assurance on the data sets, including the creation of topology and
validation of attribute data.
3.1 Baseline Data Sets
Several national- to regional-scale data sets were used during the workshop to aid in identifying
compartment boundary points along the coast or for defining onshore and offshore extents of the
compartments.
1. Australian Government (2012). Surface Geology of Australia, 1:1 000 000 scale.
http://www.ga.gov.au/metadata-gateway/metadata/record/gcat_cd5137e8-b52f-5266-e04400144fdd4fa6/Surface+Geology+of+Australia+data+package+2012+edition. Last accessed 25
August 2015.
2. Australian Government (2011). Smartline maps compiled for the Inventory of Potentially Unstable
Coastal Landform Types for the National Shoreline Geomorphic and Stability Mapping Project.
http://www.ga.gov.au/metadata-gateway/metadata/record/gcat_7973a710-4049-494a-bf98393a9b2e306c/Geomorphology_Smartline_WMS. Last accessed 25 August 2015. [see Sharples
et al. (2009)].
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3. Australian Government (2008). NATMAP Digital Maps 250K 2008 – Australia mosaic.
http://www.ga.gov.au/metadata-gateway/metadata/record/gcat_e354c6fb-14c7-2442-e04400144fdd4fa6/NATMAP+Digital+Maps+250K+2008+-+Australia+mosaic. Last accessed 25 August
2015.
4. Australian Government (2006). State coastal waters from: Australian Maritime Boundaries
Geoscience Australia, Canberra http://www.ga.gov.au/nmd/products/thematic/ambis.jsp.
Superceded by Australian Government (2014). Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage
Act 2006 - Australian Maritime Boundaries 2014a (AMB2014a) - Geodatabase.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/25/5539E03D9B3DE. Last accessed 25 August 2015. [see Alcock et al.
(2014)].
5. Australian Government (2009). Australian Bathymetry and Topography Grid.
https://www.ga.gov.au/products/servlet/controller?event=GEOCAT_DETAILS&catno=67703. Last
accessed 25 August 2015. [see Whiteway (2009)].
6. Australian Government (2011). Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM)-derived 1 Second
Digital Elevation Model Version 1.0
https://www.ga.gov.au/products/servlet/controller?event=GEOCAT_DETAILS&catno=72759. Last
accessed 25 August 2015.
7. Australian Government (2006). A guide to the Integrated Marine and Coastal Regionalisation of
Australia Version 4.0. Commonwealth Department of Environment and Heritage, Canberra.
http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/guide-integrated-marine-and-coastal-regionalisationaustralia-version-40-june-2006-imcra. Last accessed 25 August 2015.
3.2 Compartment Boundary Points
Major changes in geology and lithology along the coast were identified from the Surface Geology Map
of Australia (1:1 million scale). Landsat 7 imagery was interrogated to assess any association between
geological changes and geomorphic features, and to identify stand-alone geomorphic features
representing a marked change in coastal character.
Table 3.1 lists the four criteria (in priority order) used to establish the boundary points for the coastal
sediment compartments. These criteria do not change between the different levels of the compartment
hierarchy; only the scale at which they are applied varies. For example, primary compartment
boundary points can be readily identified at scales between 1:250 000 and 1:100 000 while secondary
boundary points are identified at scales between 1:100 000 and 1: 25 000.
Table 3.1. Criteria used to determine the boundary points for the primary and secondary coastal sediment
compartments (modified after Eliot et al., 2011a, b).
Priority Feature
1
Gross lithological/geological changes (e.g. transition from sedimentary to igneous rocks).
2
Geomorphic (topographic) features characterising a compartment boundary (often bedrock-controlled)
(e.g. peninsulas, headlands, cliffs).
3
Dominant landform types (e.g. large cuspate foreland, tombolos and extensive sandy beaches versus
headland-bound pocket beaches).
4
Changes in the orientation (aspect) of the shoreline.
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The starting point for the identification of the boundary points was the western tip of Cape York and
progressed in a clockwise direction around the continent. In order to logically include Tasmania (and
its islands) the numbering of the continental boundary point ended at the tip of Wilson’s Promontory
and re-commenced at the northern tip of Flinders Island. At the completion of the clockwise
identification of the Tasmanian boundary points, the continental sequence was restarted at the next
boundary point west of Wilson’s Promontory.
Once the primary compartment boundary points were identified, they were co-located on the Smartline
data set (http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/coastal/introduction.jsp) to ensure, where possible, meaningful
alignment with known coastal properties already recorded in that data set. The process outlined above
was repeated to identify the secondary compartment boundary points. The primary and secondary
compartment boundary points are presented in Figure 3.1. It is important to note that the identification
of secondary compartment boundary points is based largely on the presence of, or changes in,
landforms types (e.g. barrier systems, embayments, etc.).
Figure 3.1. Primary and secondary compartment boundary points for the Australian continent.
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3.3 Landward and Seaward Boundaries
In the original product development the landward and seaward boundaries were independently
derived from separate data sets - the 1 second SRTM-derived Hydrological Digital Elevation Model
and the Australian Bathymetry and Topography Grid (Whiteway, 2009), respectively. For consistency,
the onshore boundaries for both primary and secondary compartments were chosen arbitrarily rather
than being indicative of any natural system boundaries.
For the primary compartments, the onshore boundary was established at the 50 m topographic elevation
contour derived from the 1 second SRTM-derived Hydrological Digital Elevation Model. This was
considered to be the approximate onshore limit of terrestrial sediment supply to the coastal zone at the
primary compartment scale. The onshore boundary for the secondary compartments was the 25 m
topographic elevation contour derived from the same elevation data set. This contour represents the
approximate limit of terrestrial sediment supply to the coastal zone at the secondary compartment scale.
For the primary compartments, the offshore boundary applied was the 130 m isobath derived from the
Australian Bathymetry and Topography Grid. This isobath is as per the WA coastal compartments
defined by Eliot et al. (2011a, b), and represents the lowest position of the sea level during the Last
Glacial Maximum (approximately 20 000 years BP), and provides an indication of the extent of the
continental shelf subsequently inundated by sea-level rise (Eliot et al., 2011a, b). In the Coral Sea and
the Torres Strait where the ocean depth does not reach the 130 m contour, Australia’s internationallyrecognised Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundary was substituted.
The offshore boundary for the secondary compartments was also the same as that used in WA by
Eliot et al. (2011a, b), namely the 50 m isobath, and was similarly derived from the Australian
Bathymetry and Topography Grid. This depth was used to ensure that sediment exchanges between
the shore-face and the nearshore environment during storms was included. In the Coral Sea and the
Torres Strait where the ocean depth does not reach the 50 m isobath, Australia’s internationallyrecognised Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundary was substituted.
3.4 Compartment Data Model
The coastal sediment compartment data are stored as feature classes within an ESRI file
geodatabase and include two distinct data types:

point data – the spatial location of the physical compartment boundary on the coastline, guided by
the Smartline data set (scale 1:100 000); and

polygon data – the spatial area enclosed by the boundary points and the landward and seaward
boundaries.
To ensure consistency and to avoid data duplication, a shared data model was developed for the point
data (Table 3.2) while separate (yet similar) data models were developed for each of the primary
(Table 3.3) and secondary (Table 3.4) polygon data sets.
At the conclusion of the October 2012 technical workshop, Geoscience Australia compiled the primary
and secondary point data into an ESRI geodatabase applying the data model shown in Table 3.2. This
data set was supplied to the coastal science experts in Google Earth .kml file format while the
accompanying data model was supplied as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for initial quality assurance,
and to enable the experts to enter attribute data for each point. The compartment point data was
divided by State and Territory and circulated to the coastal science experts based on their particular
areas of knowledge.
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Table 3.2. Data model for primary and secondary coastal sediment compartments boundary point data.
Field Name
Description
ID_Sequential
Unique identifier (sequential in a clockwise direction from Cape York, Qld).
Name
Name assigned to boundary point (location name derived from the Gazetteer of Australia,
where appropriate). This location opens (is the starting point) of a compartment. A secondary
point will coincide with a primary point at a primary compartment boundary.
Description
Summary description of the attributes of the boundary point.
Geology
Description of the geology recorded at the boundary point (taken from the 1:1 000 000 Surface
Geology data set).
Geomorphology Generalised description of geomorphic feature(s) (often bedrock-controlled) determining the
selection of the boundary point location (e.g. bedrock headland).
Landforms
More detailed geomorphic description of the boundary point (e.g. narrow wave-cut platform
backed by cliffs), sometimes accompanied by information regarding adjacent landform types
Aspect
Change (if any) in coastline azimuthal orientation at the boundary point.
Criteria
Dominant criteria determining the presence of the boundary point (i.e. geologic, geomorphic
feature/change, aspect change).
Table 3.3. Data model for primary coastal sediment compartments polygon data.
Field Name
Description
ID_Sequential Unique identifier (sequential in a clockwise direction from Cape York, Qld).
Name
Name assigned to primary compartment.
Start
Location name of boundary point that starts (opens) the primary compartment.
End
Location name of boundary point that ends (closes) the primary compartment.
Division
Name of the coastal division to which the primary compartment belongs and within which the
majority (or entirety) of the primary compartment resides.
ID_Primary
Unique identifier composed of concatenated State/Territory (alpha) and a Primary Compartment
number (2 digit numeric) e.g. WA01. Numbering occurs in a clockwise direction around the
continent, with each State/Territory commencing with a compartment numbered 01 (e.g. NSW01,
NT01, etc.).
Table 3.4. Data model for secondary coastal sediment compartments polygon data.
Field Name
Description
ID_Sequential Unique identifier (sequential in a clockwise direction from Cape York, Qld).
Name
Name assigned to secondary compartment.
Start
Location name of boundary point that starts (opens) the secondary compartment.
End
Location name of boundary point that ends (closes) the secondary compartment.
Primary
Name of the primary compartment within which the secondary compartment resides.
ID_Secondary Unique identifier composed of concatenated State/Territory (alpha) and Primary Compartment
number (2 digit numeric), with a decimal point separating this from the Secondary Compartment
number (2 digit numeric - sequential within the Primary Compartment) e.g. QLD01.01. Numbering
occurs in a clockwise direction around the continent, with each State/Territory commencing with a
compartment numbered 01 (e.g. NSW01.01, NSW01.02, etc.).
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3.5 Construction of Compartment Polygons
In January 2013, Geoscience Australia received the compartment point data from the coastal science
experts. This data was then appended to the primary and secondary point feature classes. The
primary and secondary polygon feature classes were generated by a semi-automated process that
created individual compartments from manually constructed boundaries (break lines) passing through
the boundary point on the coast (Figure 3.2).
Extensive metadata has been generated which captures the processes involved in the creation and
quality checking of the data sets. This metadata accompanies the spatial data and the reader is
referred to the data sets and accompanying metadata for further details. A summary of the steps
involved is provided below.

Generation of selected contours from the elevation/bathymetry data.

Conversion of the contours (lines) to polygons to create compartment onshore/offshore envelopes.

Extraction of the area between the onshore and offshore polygon for each of the primary and
secondary compartment limits.

Creation of the break lines that pass through the primary and secondary points with consideration
for sediment transport controls (e.g. onshore topography) (Figure 3.2).

Creation of the primary and secondary compartments as derived from the national primary and
secondary compartment envelope and the break lines.

Creation of unique State-based identification numbers for each primary and secondary polygon

Quality checks to ensure that:

break lines pass through boundary points;

primary points have a coincident secondary point;

primary break lines have a coincident secondary break line;

neighbouring compartments have coincident boundaries;

onshore and offshore limits of the primary and secondary compartment polygons match the
contour lines from which they are derived.
3.6 Quality Assurance
Upon completion of the primary and secondary compartment polygon data sets in 2013, an extensive
manual quality-control process was undertaken to ensure that:

the location of the polygon boundary was coincident with the compartment boundary point and the
Smartline;

the boundary shape and location was consistent with the landscape features (e.g. the boundary
did not cut across offshore islands);

the correct data from the coastal experts was attributed to the correct polygon; and

logical and spatial consistency was maintained (e.g. topology checks).
The completed first draft of the Australian Coastal Sediment Compartments geodatabase was
circulated to the coastal science experts and representatives from a number of State and Territory
government agencies in 2013 for further comment and feedback.
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Figure 3.2. Example of a manually-constructed (secondary) compartment boundary (break line). Note that the
break line is approximately perpendicular to the seaward and landward boundary contours, with modification
onshore to reflect the drainage catchment divide.
3.7 Product Revision
In 2015 the primary and secondary point and polygon data sets were reviewed and revised following
feedback from stakeholders. This revision was supported by the Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC
Project “Resilience to clustered disaster events on the coast: storm surge”. The aim of the project is to
quantify the impact and risk of coincident and clustered disasters on the coast, with an initial focus on
storm surge, associated erosion and reshaping of the coastline and the resulting inundation and
damage to buildings and infrastructure.
Location names in the point and polygon attribute fields were checked against the 2012 Gazetteer of
Australia (Australian Government, 2012) and edited as necessary.
To improve consistency and enhance reproducibility, the decision was made to re-create the primary
and secondary compartment data sets using a revised set of landward and seaward boundaries
generated from a single consistent dataset - the 250 m Australian Topography and Bathymetry Grid
(Whiteway, 2009). Elevation and bathymetric contours values applied were as per the original
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process, and similarly Exclusive Economic Zone boundaries were applied where isobaths (bathymetric
contours) did not match the depth criteria along the northern margin of Australia.
Using the revised onshore/offshore boundaries as the new landward and seaward limits, the break line
(coastline perpendicular) boundaries were also manually revised, with the onshore component of each
break line checked against digital elevation model and visible imagery information and edited as
necessary to better conform to (onshore) drainage catchment boundaries (refer to Figure 3.2).
The revised onshore/offshore boundaries and compartment break lines were merged to re-generate
the compartment polygons, which were then subjected to a similar quality assurance process to the
first version of the data sets (as outlined previously). The additional compartment identifier attribute
field suggested by WA was also generated and appended to the polygon data sets (refer to Table 3.3
and Table 3.4).
With the exception of an amended compartment boundary alignment in north-west Western Australia,
(offshore Bonaparte Gulf), the primary compartments data set remains relatively unchanged between
the original (2013) and the revised (2015) versions. The revised secondary compartments data set
does contain some changes, most notably the:

addition of two new secondary compartments in north-west Western Australia (Kimberley coast)
based on feedback from WA;

modification of two compartments to better reflect onshore drainage in the Lake Macleod/North
West Cape region;

addition of one new compartment in Tasmania (eastern side of Flinders and Barren islands) based
on feedback from WA; and

removal of two previously defined secondary compartments offshore from the central Queensland
coast (Great Barrier Reef – Hydrographer’s Passage/Swain Reefs region). The justification for this
decision is a lack of evidence to demonstrate any relationship between these offshore
compartments and sediment movement along that part of the Queensland coast.
The revised primary and secondary coastal sediment compartments are shown in Figure 3.3 and
Figure 3.4 respectively. Figure 3.5 shows an example of the spatial relationship between primary and
secondary compartments.
The digital data for these compartments, their boundary points and the coastal realms, divisions and
regions are available through the Geoscience Australia website in both ESRI file geodatabase and
Google Earth kmz formats.
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Figure 3.3. Primary coastal sediment compartments for the Australian continent.
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Figure 3.4. Secondary coastal sediment compartments for the Australian continent.
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Figure 3.5. Example showing the spatial relationship between primary and secondary coastal sediment
compartments.
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4 References
Alcock, M., McGregor, M. J., Hatfield, A and Taffs, N. J. (2014). Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse
Gas Storage Act 2006 - Australian Maritime Boundaries 2014a (AMB2014a) - Geodatabase. 2014
ed. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/25/5539E03D9B3DE. Last accessed
25 August 2015.
Australian Government (2012). Gazetteer of Australia 2012 Release. http://www.ga.gov.au/metadatagateway/metadata/record/gcat_76695. Last accessed 25 August 2015.
Eliot, I., Gozzard, B. and Nutt, C. (2011a). Geologic Frameworks for Coastal Planning and
Management. Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Coastal and Ocean Engineering Conference
and the 13th Australasian Port and Harbour Conference.
Eliot, I., Nutt, C., Gozzard, B., Higgins, M., Buckley, E. and Bowyer, J. (2011b). Coastal Compartments
of Western Australia: A Physical Framework for Marine and Coastal Planning. Report 80-02.
Damara WA Pty Ltd. Report to the Departments of Environment and Conservation, Planning and
Transport and the Environmental Protection Authority. https://s3-ap-southeast2.amazonaws.com/transport.wa/CoastalCompartments/Eliot+et+al+%282011%29+WA+Compartm
ents+Final+Report.pdf. Last accessed 25 August 2015.
Griffin, C., Skene, D., Hazelwood, M., Nicholas, W. A., Anderson, H. and Xu, J. (2010). A Nationally
Consistent Geomorphic Map and Classification of the Australian Coastal Zone. Geoscience
Australia Professional Opinion 2010/06, 47 pp. https://data.gov.au/dataset/a-nationally-consistentgeomorphic-classification-of-the-australian-coastal-zone. Last accessed 25 August 2015.
Hazelwood, M., Nicholas, W. A. and Woolf, M. (2013). National Coastal Geomorphology Information
Framework Implementation: Discovery and Distribution. Geoscience Australia Record 2013/35, 33
pp. http://www.ga.gov.au/corporate_data/74294/Rec2013_035.pdf. Last accessed 25 August 2015.
Sharples, C., Mount, R., Pedersen, T., Lacey, M., Newton, J., Jaskierniak, D. and Wallace, L. (2009).
The Australian Coastal Smartline Geomorphic and Stability Map Version 1: Project Report
produced for Geoscience Australia and the Commonwealth Department of Climate Change, 30
June 2009. http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/pdf/SmartlineProjectReport_2009_v1.pdf. Last accessed
25 August 2015.
Thom, B. (2014). Coastal Compartments Project: summary for policy makers. Department of
Environment. 5 pp. http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/4f288459-423f-43bb8c20-87f91adc3e8e/files/coastal-compartments-project.pdf. Last accessed 25 August 2015.
Whiteway, T. (2009). Australian Bathymetry and Topography Grid, June 2009. Scale 1:5 000 000.
Geoscience Australia, Canberra. http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/25/53D99B6581B9A. Last accessed 25
August 2015.
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