Report on the Analysis of the Asia Pacific
Regional Geodetic Project (APRGP) GPS
Campaign 2014
GEOSCIENCE AUSTRALIA
RECORD 2015/15
G. Hu
Department of Industry and Science
Minister for Industry and Science: The Hon Ian Macfarlane MP
Parliamentary Secretary: The Hon Karen Andrews MP
Secretary: Ms Glenys Beauchamp PSM
Geoscience Australia
Chief Executive Officer: Dr Chris Pigram
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© Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2015
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ISSN 2201-702X (PDF)
ISBN 978-1-925124-74-3 (PDF)
GeoCat 83214
Bibliographic reference: Hu, G. 2015. Report on the Analysis of the Asia Pacific Regional Geodetic
Project (APRGP) GPS Campaign 2014. Record 2015/15. Geoscience Australia, Canberra.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/Record.2015.015
Contents
Executive Summary..................................................................................................................................2
Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................2
GPS Data Set ...........................................................................................................................................2
Data Processing Scheme .........................................................................................................................3
Results ......................................................................................................................................................4
References .............................................................................................................................................10
Report on the Analysis of the Asia Pacific Regional Geodetic Project (APRGP) GPS Campaign 2014
1
Executive Summary
The annual Asia Pacific Regional Geodetic Project (APRGP) GPS campaign is an important activity of
the Geodetic Reference Frame for Sustainable Development Working Group (WG) of the Regional
Committee of United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management for Asia and the Pacific (UNGGIM-AP). This document overviews the data analysis of the APRGP GPS campaign undertaken in
2014. The GPS data were processed using version 5.2 of the Bernese GPS Software in a regional
network together with selected IGS (International GNSS Service) sites. The GPS solution was
constrained to the ITRF2008 reference frame through adopting IGb08 coordinates on selected IGS
reference sites and using the final IGS earth orientation parameters and satellite ephemerides
products.
Introduction
The annual Asia Pacific Regional Geodetic Project (APRGP) GPS campaign is an important activity of
the Geodetic Reference Frame for Sustainable Development Working Group (WG) of the Regional
Committee of United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management for Asia and the Pacific (UNGGIM-AP). The WG is continuing the annual GPS campaign activity as some member countries are at
this time unable to participate in the Asia Pacific Reference Frame (APREF) project but have an
ongoing requirement for geodetic positioning relative to the regional/global network. One of the roles
of the WG is to create and maintain a densely realised and accurate geodetic framework, coordinate
regional cooperation in geodesy amongst national agencies, and to build and improve the regional
geodetic infrastructure. The APRGP is where UN-GGIM-AP member agencies contribute campaign or
continuous GPS data to the WG. GPS data from the APRGP are available for all participant member
countries for local and global scientific research and local applications. The composite GPS data set is
subsequently analysed by the WG so as to provide estimates of station coordinates in the
International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). The results of the APRGP are also supplied by the
WG to the official ITRF product centre to densify the ITRF in the Asia Pacific region. This document
overviews the data analysis of APRGP GPS campaign undertaken in 2014.
The document is organised as follows. The data set of the campaign is described first. The data
processing scheme is detailed after, followed by the results of processing including the repeatability
RMS (root mean square) of the station coordinates, and the final computed station coordinates.
GPS Data Set
The 2014 GPS campaign was undertaken from 7 to 13 September 2014 inclusive (day of year 250 to
256). The data were contributed by nine countries and regions, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, Hong
Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Philippines, Singapore and Sri Lanka. Note that Hong Kong and
Philippines also contribute CGPS data to the APREF project. Figure 1 shows the distribution of the
APRGP 2014 campaign stations along with the APREF stations.
2
Report on the Analysis of the Asia Pacific Regional Geodetic Project (APRGP) GPS Campaign 2014
Figure 1 APRGP and APREF stations in the APRGP 2014 GPS campaign analysis.
Data Processing Scheme
Analysis of the GPS observations was undertaken using the Bernese GNSS software V5.2. The
Bernese GPS software conforms to the IERS2010 conventions (Gérard and Brian, 2010). In order to
tie the APRGP network to the ITRF2008 reference frame (Altamimi et al., 2011), The campaign data
was processed along with the available data from IGS sites located around the Asia Pacific region and
APREF stations as shown in Figure 1. For the details of APREF project, see
http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/positioning-navigation/geodesy/asia-pacific-reference-frame .
An overview of the processing strategy is as follows:

IGS final precise GPS satellite ephemeris and Earth rotation parameters were used for the daily
data processing to generate daily normal equations.

Site displacement due to ocean tidal loading for all stations were corrected by using the FES2004
model (Lyard et al., 2006).

Antenna phase centre variations were taken into consideration using consistent, absolute IGS
models of both receiver and satellite antenna phase centres (Schmid et al., 2007).

Dual frequency carrier phase and code data were used with an elevation cut off angle of 7° and
elevation-dependent weighting. Code measurements were only used for receiver clock
synchronisation. Pre-processing used a sampling rate of 30 seconds, a sampling rate of three
minutes was used for other processing.

Carrier phase pre-processing was conducted on a baseline by baseline mode using triple
differences. The observations with small pieces and the observations suspected to be corrupted by
a cycle slip were marked. Subsequent processing did not use the marked observations. Different
linear combinations of L1 and L2 cycle slips were fixed if possible. New ambiguity parameters were
introduced if cycle slips could not be fixed reliably or if significant gaps in the observations where
Report on the Analysis of the Asia Pacific Regional Geodetic Project (APRGP) GPS Campaign 2014
3
present. In addition, a data screening step in a baseline by baseline mode was performed on the
basis of weighted post-fit residuals and outliers were marked and removed from further processing.

A priori dry tropospheric delay computed from a standard atmosphere was mapped with the Dry
Global Mapping Function (GMF) (Böhm et al., 2006). For the wet component, continuous
piecewise linear troposphere parameters were estimated in 1-hour intervals without any a priori
model using the wet Vienna Mapping Function (VMF) and the ionosphere-free combination
observations.

After the pre-processing, ionosphere maps were estimated using the geometry-free linear
combination. The vertical electron content was modelled with a single-layer model in a solar
geomagnetic reference frame. The height of the single layer was 450 km above the Earth’s
surface. The previously estimated ionosphere maps were introduced as a priori ionosphere
information and, in addition, stochastic ionosphere parameters were set up to support the Quasi
Ionospheric Free (QIF) ambiguity resolution strategy (Dach et al., 2007).

Ambiguity resolution was attempted on all baselines within the network in a baseline by baseline
model using Melbourne-Wüebbena strategy for baselines up to 6000 km; the QIF approach was
used for baselines up to 2000 km; and the phase-based widelane/narraowlane method for
baselines up to 200 km; and direct L1/L2 method for baselines up to 20 km. The QIF strategy is
based on the ionospheric free linear combination, but also incorporates the estimation of an
ionospheric parameter for each epoch to account for the residual ionospheric biases, details can
be found in Dach et al. (2007).

The daily normal equations were generated and combined into a campaign solution. As part of this
process the daily solutions were compared with the combined solution and the resulting
differences were analysed for the presence of outliers and the daily repeatability.
Results
The repeatability RMS (root mean square) of the station coordinates, an estimate of the day-to-day
scatter of coordinate components about a weighted epoch mean, was used to assess the quality of
the final epoch solution and as a measure of internal precision. Table 1 lists the repeatabilities RMS of
the station coordinates. The average of the repeatabilities (i.e. RMS) of the station coordinates for the
campaign was 1.8 mm, 2.2 mm and 5.9 mm in north, east and up components, respectively.
Table 1 The repeatability RMS for the APRGP 2014 GPS campaign stations.
Station
Country
North (mm)
East (mm)
Up (mm)
DHAK
Bangladesh
0.8
2.6
8.9
KHUL
Bangladesh
2.3
4.1
10.4
MAUL
Bangladesh
0.9
1.9
9.0
RAJS
Bangladesh
1.3
0.9
4.2
RANG
Bangladesh
1.6
1.9
5.4
3136
Bhutan
2.1
3.3
2.0
7489
Bhutan
0.9
1.0
3.8
7494
Bhutan
0.8
0.2
3.4
4
Report on the Analysis of the Asia Pacific Regional Geodetic Project (APRGP) GPS Campaign 2014
Station
Country
North (mm)
East (mm)
Up (mm)
7510
Bhutan
1.2
3.8
6.3
9883
Bhutan
2.1
1.4
5.5
BHUM
Bhutan
1.4
1.4
6.4
DEOT
Bhutan
1.1
2.1
4.3
GELE
Bhutan
1.7
4.1
7.0
THIM
Bhutan
1.6
1.7
2.5
HKFN
Hong Kong
2.7
1.6
11.4
HKKT
Hong Kong
2.3
5.3
13.5
HKLT
Hong Kong
1.9
2.1
10.1
HKQT
Hong Kong
2.1
5.3
9.8
HKSC
Hong Kong
3.7
1.6
9.8
HKSL
Hong Kong
3.5
2.2
8.8
HKST
Hong Kong
3.9
1.6
5.5
T430
Hong Kong
2.9
1.8
11.1
CAMB
Indonesia
4.2
2.2
8.1
CMAK
Indonesia
2.0
1.5
6.2
CMRE
Indonesia
2.6
1.9
7.9
CPDG
Indonesia
2.9
1.7
9.9
CPON
Indonesia
3.0
2.5
12.2
CSBY
Indonesia
2.0
2.6
8.9
CUKE
Indonesia
2.4
3.0
10.5
0029
Japan
1.4
1.4
6.8
0745
Japan
0.9
1.3
5.2
0746
Japan
1.7
1.9
9.0
0837
Japan
2.9
2.9
4.4
1135
Japan
0.8
1.6
2.4
2004
Japan
0.9
1.6
9.7
2005
Japan
1.0
1.1
5.2
2007
Japan
1.1
2.7
7.1
3009
Japan
1.3
1.4
8.1
KRTM
Japan
2.4
0.9
7.8
ATTA
Laos
2.5
3.6
9.5
HOUA
Laos
2.4
2.4
4.9
LARX
Laos
2.8
4.6
11.9
Report on the Analysis of the Asia Pacific Regional Geodetic Project (APRGP) GPS Campaign 2014
5
Station
Country
North (mm)
East (mm)
Up (mm)
VIEN
Laos
2.8
1.2
3.8
PBAY
Philippines
1.8
1.5
6.6
PCB2
Philippines
1.8
1.3
5.0
PCEB
Philippines
1.3
2.6
6.1
PDUM
Philippines
2.4
2.4
6.3
PMOG
Philippines
2.5
2.0
6.5
PSRF
Philippines
2.0
1.6
4.4
PSUR
Philippines
2.1
2.3
5.3
PTAC
Philippines
2.6
2.1
5.4
SLOY
Singapore
2.2
1.3
4.8
SNSC
Singapore
2.0
1.5
4.8
SNTU
Singapore
2.6
3.1
8.5
SNYP
Singapore
3.3
2.4
4.5
SSEK
Singapore
3.3
2.3
4.7
SSMK
Singapore
2.4
1.7
3.6
A311
Sir Lanka
1.2
2.1
5.2
AA09
Sir Lanka
2.8
3.1
10.0
ISMD
Sir Lanka
1.2
3.3
5.3
The final computed Cartesian and geodetic coordinates (ITRF2008, GRS80 ellipsoid) are listed in
Table 2 and Table 3, respectively, along with their formal error estimates. These estimates provide an
indication of the quality of the measurements; they also characterise the internal precision of
positioning performance. Note that the listed coordinates are at the mean epoch of the measurements
in the ITRF2008 reference frame, and only for the campaign sites, the weekly coordinates of other
CGPS stations of APREF project can be found in http://www.ga.gov.au/earthmonitoring/geodesy/asia-pacific-reference-frame.html.
Table 2 The final computed Cartesian coordinates in ITRF2008 at the mean epoch of the measurements, i.e.
@2014. 693151.
Station
X (m)
1 std (m)
Y (m)
1 std (m)
Z (m)
1 std (m)
0029
-3862398.5105
0.0007
3105008.6043
0.0006
4001961.0523
0.0006
0745
-3512920.0352
0.0005
4524558.1081
0.0006
2795881.9575
0.0004
0746
-3786805.0020
0.0007
4311846.1355
0.0008
2774485.5155
0.0005
0837
-3530185.7245
0.0011
4118797.2300
0.001
3344036.7983
0.001
1135
-3591931.0397
0.0005
3758796.9584
0.0005
3682342.8313
0.0005
2004
-3565271.8009
0.0005
4118973.0782
0.0006
3306293.1197
0.0005
2005
-3642161.3877
0.0007
2861487.8582
0.0006
4370351.2534
0.0007
6
Report on the Analysis of the Asia Pacific Regional Geodetic Project (APRGP) GPS Campaign 2014
Station
X (m)
1 std (m)
Y (m)
1 std (m)
Z (m)
1 std (m)
2007
-4490605.2641
0.0009
3483894.8913
0.0007
2884928.2721
0.0006
3009
-3997616.2848
0.0005
3276761.8792
0.0005
3724230.2453
0.0005
3136
54252.4213
0.0003
5693442.9936
0.0011
2867873.6250
0.0006
7489
-53081.1916
0.0003
5663263.6213
0.0009
2930645.1985
0.0005
7494
55524.7989
0.0007
5668921.9445
0.0027
2917778.0185
0.0014
7510
-149352.2158
0.0011
5691045.0071
0.004
2869053.2684
0.002
9883
36672.3061
0.0004
5664872.5050
0.0012
2926003.0017
0.0007
A311
1113304.9969
0.0003
6233645.8829
0.0007
760261.1872
0.0003
AA09
1042162.3351
0.0004
6257649.7895
0.0017
657490.9875
0.0005
ATTA
-1785584.2389
0.0007
5903571.0151
0.0015
1619746.3370
0.0006
BHUM
-71428.6475
0.0003
5661326.5251
0.0011
2933192.6309
0.0006
CAMB
-3934881.6356
0.0004
5003056.0482
0.0006
-408362.1156
0.0002
CMAK
-3119381.9777
0.0004
5534200.6563
0.0006
-567039.5018
0.0003
CMRE
-3362412.5297
0.0008
5335364.4118
0.001
-950458.7752
0.0004
CPDG
-1147179.4974
0.0003
6273233.5311
0.0008
-105481.1517
0.0003
CPON
-2111129.5119
0.0005
6018657.1015
0.0012
-399.7785
0.0003
CSBY
-2443857.5694
0.0005
5835258.0406
0.0008
-808826.4115
0.0003
CUKE
-4860592.6412
0.0007
4021866.2771
0.0006
-935408.2670
0.0003
DEOT
-145516.8650
0.0003
5692756.9970
0.0009
2864817.1367
0.0005
DHAK
-40573.2107
0.0003
5840711.3699
0.001
2553577.0758
0.0005
GELE
-42920.1901
0.0003
5691631.5470
0.0011
2869353.7044
0.0006
HKFN
-2411013.3823
0.0006
5380268.1010
0.0011
2425128.9255
0.0006
HKKT
-2405144.3894
0.0006
5385195.0765
0.0012
2420032.3713
0.0006
HKLT
-2399063.2219
0.0006
5389237.6704
0.0011
2417326.8857
0.0006
HKQT
-2421568.3774
0.0007
5384910.3955
0.0012
2404264.2296
0.0007
HKSC
-2414267.4045
0.0006
5386768.8118
0.0011
2407459.8591
0.0006
HKSL
-2393382.9028
0.0005
5393860.9975
0.0009
2412592.2378
0.0005
HKST
-2417143.3622
0.0005
5382345.3123
0.0008
2415036.7774
0.0004
HOUA
-1084449.3558
0.0006
5887162.1893
0.0016
2195042.8343
0.0006
ISMD
995152.5136
0.0005
6255839.0954
0.0014
752227.2451
0.0004
KHUL
50585.9538
0.0004
5877137.9086
0.0013
2468978.3336
0.0007
KRTM
-5886688.7771
0.0007
-2444651.1514
0.0004
226251.2605
0.0003
LARX
-1567313.0248
0.0008
5855889.4878
0.0018
1978061.2938
0.0008
MAUL
-193340.4737
0.0003
5808683.3322
0.001
2618404.4347
0.0005
Report on the Analysis of the Asia Pacific Regional Geodetic Project (APRGP) GPS Campaign 2014
7
Station
X (m)
1 std (m)
Y (m)
1 std (m)
Z (m)
1 std (m)
PBAY
-3164088.2415
0.0005
5236293.6008
0.0007
1797982.1094
0.0004
PCB2
-3161494.1095
0.0004
5274361.1667
0.0005
1687745.0648
0.0003
PCEB
-3499371.4715
0.0004
5209600.2372
0.0006
1134904.7479
0.0002
PDUM
-3455857.4709
0.0006
5261024.5354
0.0008
1026318.8092
0.0003
PMOG
-3274635.9774
0.0006
5269089.7812
0.0008
1476547.3065
0.0004
PSRF
-3167388.9393
0.0005
5286533.8689
0.0008
1638185.5582
0.0004
PSUR
-3649683.2355
0.0005
5117857.8841
0.0006
1077577.4638
0.0003
PTAC
-3588936.7444
0.0007
5124727.3988
0.0009
1236144.2469
0.0003
RAJS
142156.0167
0.0002
5810553.4559
0.0005
2617535.1103
0.0003
RANG
78086.0896
0.0002
5747205.4295
0.0005
2755540.4943
0.0003
SLOY
-1539523.2415
0.0004
6187726.0250
0.0009
151765.3121
0.0003
SNSC
-1538472.9628
0.0004
6188108.0114
0.0009
145243.1571
0.0003
SNTU
-1508021.4951
0.0004
6195577.0504
0.0009
148800.7148
0.0003
SNYP
-1526243.0465
0.0003
6191001.9435
0.0008
152484.0891
0.0003
SSEK
-1522480.1674
0.0004
6191654.8438
0.0009
162569.3411
0.0003
SSMK
-1518411.2343
0.0003
6193330.5067
0.0006
133831.3087
0.0002
T430
-2411015.7153
0.0006
5380265.5428
0.001
2425132.5258
0.0006
THIM
36547.9678
0.0003
5664531.4312
0.001
2926613.3138
0.0005
VIEN
-1314798.0666
0.0005
5923043.4822
0.0013
1961129.4075
0.0005
Table 3 The final computed Geodetic coordinates in ITRF2008 at the mean epoch of the measurements, i.e.
@2014. 693151.
LONGITUDE (DMS)
0029
141
12
14.25708
0.0003
39
6
38.19180
0.0004
172.1589
0.0010
0745
127
49
34.26335
0.0003
26
10
6.98187
0.0003
97.1373
0.0008
0746
131
17
26.39804
0.0003
25
57
13.42997
0.0003
72.5917
0.0011
0837
130
35
58.54319
0.0004
31
49
26.61614
0.0004
314.6314
0.0016
1135
133
41
58.46967
0.0003
35
29
25.43834
0.0003
72.4713
0.0007
2004
130
52
42.88357
0.0003
31
25
31.11011
0.0003
134.5662
0.0008
2005
141
50
41.35092
0.0003
43
31
43.11480
0.0004
118.5761
0.0010
2007
142
11
42.09495
0.0003
27
4
3.11649
0.0004
104.2171
0.0012
3009
140
39
33.29458
0.0003
35
57
19.62906
0.0003
65.7570
0.0007
3136
89
27
14.57653
0.0004
26
53
20.17296
0.0004
1389.1393
0.0012
7489
90
32
13.24236
0.0003
27
31
1.54851
0.0003
3234.9212
0.0010
8
1 std (m)
LATITUDE (DMS)
1 std (m)
ELLIPSOID
1 std (m)
HEIGHT (m)
Station
Report on the Analysis of the Asia Pacific Regional Geodetic Project (APRGP) GPS Campaign 2014
Station
LONGITUDE (DMS)
1 std (m)
LATITUDE (DMS)
1 std (m)
ELLIPSOID
1 std (m)
HEIGHT (m)
7494
89
26
19.78420
0.0007
27
23
25.70176
0.0007
2344.3760
0.0030
7510
91
30
11.84203
0.0011
26
54
4.58981
0.0009
1301.1078
0.0044
9883
89
37
44.73598
0.0004
27
28
25.65783
0.0004
2403.5105
0.0013
A311
79
52
26.24555
0.0003
6
53
30.93837
0.0003
-74.4778
0.0007
AA09
80
32
40.63350
0.0004
5
57
24.27231
0.0004
-89.4064
0.0017
ATTA
106
49
42.16324
0.0006
14
48
33.98342
0.0004
85.4294
0.0016
BHUM
90
43
22.29371
0.0003
27
32
40.94654
0.0004
2873.6464
0.0012
CAMB
128
11
5.62282
0.0003
-3 -41 -44.02273
0.0002
87.4226
0.0007
CMAK
119
24
28.85744
0.0003
-5
-5.28921
0.0003
77.6070
0.0007
CMRE
122
13
10.69178
0.0004
-8 -37 -38.98871
0.0003
59.5731
0.0012
CPDG
100
21
47.20516
0.0003
0 -57 -14.33502
0.0003
3.8728
0.0008
CPON
109
19
44.56046
0.0004
0
0.0003
36.8203
0.0012
CSBY
112
43
27.71663
0.0003
-7 -20
-3.60534
0.0003
51.2481
0.0009
CUKE
140
23
38.98135
0.0003
-8 -29 -23.48111
0.0003
80.2046
0.0009
DEOT
91
27
51.34273
0.0003
26
51
38.16983
0.0003
823.7044
0.0010
DHAK
90
23
52.82047
0.0003
23
45
22.20214
0.0004
-29.2720
0.0011
GELE
90
25
55.39880
0.0003
26
54
31.09623
0.0004
357.0955
0.0012
HKFN
114
8
17.42395
0.0004
22
29
40.86465
0.0004
41.1947
0.0013
HKKT
114
3
59.65255
0.0004
22
26
41.65625
0.0004
34.5447
0.0013
HKLT
113
59
47.86244
0.0004
22
25
5.27723
0.0004
125.8938
0.0013
HKQT
114
12
47.59548
0.0004
22
17
27.72079
0.0004
5.1588
0.0014
HKSC
114
8
28.29463
0.0004
22
19
19.81384
0.0004
20.2088
0.0013
HKSL
113
55
40.75108
0.0004
22
22
19.21169
0.0003
95.2645
0.0010
HKST
114
11
3.28824
0.0003
22
23
42.96876
0.0003
258.6905
0.0009
HOUA
100
26
13.96618
0.0005
20
15
42.63968
0.0004
373.2110
0.0017
ISMD
80
57
40.90452
0.0004
6
49
2.69739
0.0004
1166.2500
0.0014
KHUL
89
30
24.67254
0.0004
22
55
27.11951
0.0004
-30.2173
0.0015
KRTM
-157
-26
-51.50794
0.0003
2
2
47.63577
0.0003
25.6378
0.0008
LARX
104
59
1.89759
0.0006
18
11
7.95897
0.0005
499.6898
0.0020
MAUL
91
54
22.93533
0.0003
24
23
49.88653
0.0003
-15.7435
0.0010
PBAY
121
8
34.56143
0.0003
16
28
53.58858
0.0003
322.8978
0.0009
PCB2
120
56
19.70936
0.0002
15
26
45.80063
0.0003
76.7968
0.0006
PCEB
123
53
23.59217
0.0003
10
19
5.18772
0.0003
124.8694
0.0006
PDUM
123
18
0.28175
0.0003
9
19
18.62489
0.0003
88.3908
0.0009
-8
0 -13.01563
Report on the Analysis of the Asia Pacific Regional Geodetic Project (APRGP) GPS Campaign 2014
9
1 std (m)
LATITUDE (DMS)
1 std (m)
ELLIPSOID
1 std (m)
HEIGHT (m)
Station
LONGITUDE (DMS)
PMOG
121
51
36.50666
0.0003
13
28
29.11189
0.0003
62.8327
0.0010
PSRF
120
55
39.47360
0.0003
14
58
54.89949
0.0003
70.5244
0.0009
PSUR
125
29
37.31116
0.0003
9
47
30.51359
0.0003
80.2945
0.0007
PTAC
125
0
15.23110
0.0003
11
14
59.61198
0.0003
79.7290
0.0010
RAJS
88
35
54.70863
0.0002
24
23
18.89182
0.0003
-17.7180
0.0005
RANG
89
13
17.69523
0.0002
25
45
50.44025
0.0003
0.9819
0.0006
SLOY
103
58
17.98674
0.0003
1
22
21.49293
0.0003
50.2902
0.0009
SNSC
103
57
42.03439
0.0003
1
18
49.12032
0.0003
14.5791
0.0009
SNTU
103
40
47.79880
0.0003
1
20
44.92851
0.0003
75.4998
0.0009
SNYP
103
50
55.51724
0.0003
1
22
44.89724
0.0003
54.8284
0.0008
SSEK
103
48
52.27208
0.0003
1
28
13.35488
0.0003
40.0493
0.0010
SSMK
103
46
31.52164
0.0002
1
12
37.48683
0.0002
24.7234
0.0006
T430
114
8
17.53503
0.0004
22
29
40.98996
0.0004
41.2967
0.0012
THIM
89
37
49.18297
0.0003
27
28
48.36479
0.0003
2381.7973
0.0011
VIEN
102
30
56.12356
0.0004
18
1
31.84684
0.0004
192.4138
0.0014
References
Altamimi, Z., X. Collilieux, L. Métivier, 2011. ITRF2008: an improved solution of the International
Terrestrial Reference Frame, J. Geod., 85 (8): 457- 473, doi:10.1007/s00190-011-0444-4.
Böhm, J., A. Niell, P. Tregoning and H. Schuh, 2006. Global Mapping Function (GMF): A new
empirical mapping function based on numerical weather model data, Geophysical Research
Letters, Vol. 33, L07304, doi:10.1029/2005GL025546.
Dach, R., U. Hugentobler, P. Fridez, M. Meindl (Eds.), 2007. Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0.
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Gérard Petit and Brian Luzum (eds.). IERS Conventions (2010). (IERS Technical Note ; 36) Frankfurt
am Main: Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie, 2010. 179 pp., ISBN 3-89888989-6
Lyard, L., Lefevre, L., Letellier, T., Francis, O, 2006. Modelling the global ocean tides: insights from
FES2004.Ocean Dynamics, 56, 394-415.
Niell, A.E., 1996. Global mapping functions for the atmosphere delay at radio wavelengths. J.
Geophys. Res., 101(B2): 3227 - 3246.
Schmid, R., P. Steigenberger, G. Gendt, M. Ge, and M. Rothacher, 2007. Generation of a consistent
absolute phase center correction model for GPS receiver and satellite antennas. J Geod., 81: 781 798, doi: 10.1007/s00190-007-0148-y.
10
Report on the Analysis of the Asia Pacific Regional Geodetic Project (APRGP) GPS Campaign 2014