Open Access and the
new Copyright Policy:
Greater impact for your research
Office of Scholarly Communication and Publishing
University Library System
University of Pittsburgh
Open Access is…
• A family of copyright licensing policies under
which authors and copyright owners make
their works publicly available
• A movement in higher education to increase
access to scholarly research and
communication, not limiting it solely to
subscribers or purchasers of works
• A response to the current crisis in scholarly
communication
OA is compatible with . . .
• Copyright
• Quality
• Peer review
• Career advancement
• Revenue (even profit)
• Indexing
• Print
• And other features
and supportive
services associated
with scholarly
literature
• Preservation
• Prestige
Growth in scholarly publishing
• Est. 50 million scholarly research articles published
1665-2009
• @1.4 million articles per year (2006 est.)—one every
22 seconds!
• Average number of science articles per journal
increased by >47% from 1990 to 2009
(Times Higher Education, 8 July 2010)
• Number of scientific articles indexed by ISI was
590,841 in 1990 and 1,015,637 in 2009 – a rise of 72%
1990-2009
Concentration of ownership
• Nearly 50% of the content of the merged ISI Indexes
consists of titles from 5 major publishers—
–
–
–
–
–
Elsevier
Wiley
Springer
Taylor & Francis
Sage
• Top 3 publishers of science journals (Elsevier, SpringerKluwer, Wiley-Blackwell) accounted for @ 42% of articles
published (2002)
• There were over 2,000 publishers of academic journals; no
other publisher accounted for >3% of market share (2002)
Crisis in scholarly journal pricing
600
biology
500
chemistry
engineering & tech
general science
300
math & comp sci
physics
200
CPI (general inflation)
ARL expenditures, all
serials
1985
1990
100
1995
2000
year
Bill Hooker, April 2009. Data sources: Library Journal Annual Serials Price
Surveys, Association of Research Libraries, US Dept. of Labor
2005
0
2010
% change since 1990
400
Open Access—Origins
• Crisis in scholarly
communication/publishing
– Flat to declining collections budgets
– More demand for newer, expensive resources
– Greatly increased pricing for serials, electronic
resources
• Rise of Internet and Worldwide Web
– Rapid dissemination of new research
– Better connectivity between scholars
OA Today
• Over 150 universities around the world
mandate Open Access deposits of faculty works
• Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
– lists 7,530 OA journals in 117 countries
– http://www.doaj.org (February 2012)
• Directory of Open Access Repositories
(OpenDOAR)
– lists 2,173 open archives in 99 countries
– http://www.opendoar.org (February 2012)
OA@Pitt—Today
• 28 Open Access journals now published with more pending;
nearly all are peer-reviewed
• ULS Publications Advisory Board formed
• Archive of European Integration contains 16,900 items
• 5 author self-archiving repositories with more planned
• D-Scholarship contains more than 7,200 items
• Over 750 OA book titles through Press Digital Editions
• Over 4,400 ETDs
• Proposed Open Access mandate
Open Access Task Force
• Charge:
– To review issues related to open access and to
make recommendations to the University
related to the adoption of an open access
policy at Pitt
Open Access Task Force
• Rush Miller, University Library System
(Task Force Chair)
• Michael Madison, School of Law
• Cynthia Miller, University of Pittsburgh Press
• Steven Reis, Associate Vice Chancellor for Clinical
Research, School of Medicine
• Adam Shear, Dept. of Religious Studies
• Karen Shephard, Barco Law Library
Proposed OA Policy @Pitt
• Is addressed in the Copyright Policy
• Provides for dissemination of scholarly works (articles only)
by university authors based on Open Access principles
• University authors include faculty, postdoctoral associates,
and postdoctoral students
• Scholarly works to be deposited in the University’s
institutional repository, D-Scholarship@Pitt
• Deposits made by the University Library System’s Office of
Scholarly Communication and Publishing
Proposed OA Policy @Pitt
• Not intended to impose limitations on where university
authors can publish, now or in the future
• Applies only to scholarly works for which the author retains
copyright or the publisher allows deposit in local repository
• Depending on publisher policy, authors may deposit:
– author’s pre-publication manuscript
– final edited copy (pre-print)
– final published version (post-print)
• Includes provisions to waive deposit requirement if
permission is not granted by the publisher
OA and “U”: Why Open Access?
• Increase the visibility and discovery of the research
output of the University of Pittsburgh and its faculty
• Support the University’s mission of service by
disseminating research results to the global academic
community
• Readily demonstrate the high level of research
conducted at the University to international ratings
agencies and colleagues
OA and *You*
• Greater access
– More scholars view and read work
– Extends the global reach of research
– Reduces or eliminates price/permission barriers of subscription
journals
• More progress
– Promotes speed, productivity, and knowledge translation
– Allows authors to share research for the public good, not only with
colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh but around the world
• Long-term preservation in a trusted repository
• Greater impact
OA and Its Impact
• Get your work noticed, used, and cited
• Make your work available while ideas are fresh
and new
• Share your work with colleagues and students
• Publish other scholarly works (books, articles)
• Index in Google Scholar, OAIster, and other
Internet search tools
D-Scholarship@Pitt
• The University’s institutional repository
• Authorized users: University of
Pittsburgh faculty, staff, and students
• Individuals with a current University of
Pittsburgh computer account (either
primary or sponsored account)
D-Scholarship@Pitt
• Content is reviewed for appropriateness
to repository policies but is not peerreviewed by the University
• Peer-reviewed content may be deposited
per copyright and publishers’ guidelines
D-Scholarship:
Research accepted
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Research papers, published or unpublished
Articles (pre-prints, post-prints)
Books, chapters, sections
Conference/workshop papers/presentations
Monographs, reports
Multimedia (audio, video, images)
Compositions, performances, exhibitions
Research data
Electronic theses and dissertations
D-Scholarship: Not Accepted
•
•
•
•
Learning or instructional objects
Class notes, syllabi, sample tests, etc.
Student portfolios
Institutional records
D-Scholarship: Discoverability
• Indexed by
– Google Scholar, Google, Internet search engines
– OpenDOAR: The Directory of Open Access
Repositories
– OCLC WorldCat
– Open Archives Initiative harvesters (OAIster,
Pennsylvania Digital Library, et al.)
– PittCat+
Sherpa RoMEO
• Searchable database of publisher's policies on
self- archiving of journal articles on the Web
and in OA repositories
• Helps clarify whether authors can self-archive
and under what circumstances
• Developed at University of Nottingham, UK
– http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
What we can do for you
• We can do the work for you
• Deposit your published works in DScholarship
• Automate the process when possible
• Help with understanding publisher policies
• Join with other universities to leverage the
Policy with publishers
Visit our Web sites
• OA at Pitt
– Visit http://openaccess.pitt.edu
• D-Scholarship@Pitt
– http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu
Contact us
ULS Office of Scholarly
Communication and Publishing
• Tim Deliyannides, Director
• John Barnett, Scholarly Communications Librarian
• Vanessa Gabler, Electronic Publications Associate
oscp@mail.pitt.edu