JSEA 6(2) June 2007
Team-Editors
Augustus A. Adeyinka
Department of Educational Foundations
University of Botswana P/Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
Joel B. Babalola
Department of Educational Management
University of Ibadan
Ibadan, Nigeria.
Managing Editor
Segun O. Adedeji
Kampala International University
P.O. Box 20000, Kampala,
Uganda.
Consulting Editors
Geoffrey Lungwangwa
Deputy Vice-Chancellor
University of Zambia
Lusaka, Zambia
Edmund Mazibuko
Faculty of Education
University of Swaziland
P/Bag 4, Kwaluseni
Swaziland
International Reviewers
Babara Beatty
Wellesley College
USA
David N. Smith
University of Leeds
Leeds 2, U.K
John Braniff
Faculty of Education
University of Sydney
Australia
JSEA 7 (1) January 2008
JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY AND
EDUCATION IN AFRICA
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ii
JSEA 7 (1) January 2008
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3.
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Department of Educational Management
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iii
JSEA 7 (1) January 2008
CONTENT
Library Role and Information Provision in Criminal Justice
System in a Digital Age: The case of United Nations African
Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of
Offenders' Library, Kampala, Uganda - J.J. Olowookere
1-10
Education For All, Goal I - Jomtien and Dakar Declarations:
Nigeria's Perspective - J.A. Adegbile & P.M. Oduntan
11-24
Perceived Factors Militating Against the Education and
Development Linkages in Nigeria: An Appraisal
T.T. Asuka & Ogoun Tari
25-46
Financial Resource Allocation and Organizational Effectiveness
in Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria
S. O. Abdulrahman & J. A. Bamiduro
47-64
The Need for Value Re-Orientation and Education in Developing
Countries - B. N. Igwesi
65-80
The Role of Class Factors in Secondary School Students'
Performance in Public Examinations - M. Fabunmi
81-90
Nigerian Rural Adult Illiterates and Political Participation:
Implication for Development - M. A. Adelabu
91-104
Rendering Effective Library and Information Services to the Rural
Communities through Information Communication Technology
(ICT) - J. K. Apotiade
10-120
Predicators of Self-Employment Efforts among Unemployed
Nigerian Graduates - C. O. O. Kolawole & P. A. Arikpo
121-135
The Role of Information Technology in the Nigerian Educational
System - S. A. Bello
137-148
The Efficacy of Peer Tutoring as an Effective Mode of Instruction
in Social Studies - B. A. Adeyemi
149-160
iv
JSEA 7 (1) January 2008
Managing Sports Resources for Effective Participation and
Excellent Performance in Sports by Exceptional Students of
SPED, Oyo, Nigeria - B. O. Asagba
161-170
An Investigation of Students' Attitudes towards Mathematics
in Ugandan Secondary Schools - C. Opolot-Okurut
171-189
An Appraisal of Men Perception of Women participation in
Industrial Unions of Nigeria - A. A. Olaniyan & D. A. Olaniyan
191-201
Effect of Brainstorming on Students' Achievement in Junior
Secondary School Mathematics: An Effort in Making Schools
Effective - J. G. Adewale
203-218
Influence of Educational Level on HIV/AIDS Related
Knowledge, Attitude and Sexual Behaviour of Road
Transport Workers in Ibadan C. C. Asuzu & M.N. Igbokwe
219-226
Relationship between Teachers' Qualifications and Students'
Academic Achievement in Selected Secondary Schools in
Ekiti State, Nigeria - J. S. Owoeye
227-238
Journal of Sociology and Education in Africa - Vol. 7 No. 1: January 2008
Financial Resource Allocation and Organizational Effectiveness in
Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria
S. O. Abdulrahman
School of Education and General Studies
Kwara State College of Arabic and Islamic Legal Studies, llorin, Nigeria.
&
J. A. Bamiduro
School of Business and Management
Kampala International University, Uganda
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between financial resource allocation
and organizational effectiveness in Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in
Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select eight out of the 12
colleges of legal and Islamic studies in Nigeria that spread across three geopolitical zones of northern Nigeria. Random sampling technique was used to
select 450 (84%) principal and academic staff out of 535 in the institutions.
The
researcher-designed
instruments
tagged
Financial
Allocation
Questionnaire (FAQ) and Organisational Effectiveness Questionnaire (OEQ)
were designed and used to collect the relevant data for the study. The
coefficients of reliability obtained were 0.78 and 0.79 for FAQ and OEQ
respectively. Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis with F-ratio was used to
test the hypotheses formulated at 0.05 level of significance. The findings
revealed that recurrent expenditure had high and positive correlation
coefficient, 0.69 with the organizational effectiveness. There was a low and
positive correlation coefficient, 0.33 between capital expenditure and
organizational effectiveness. The study also showed that there was moderate
and positive correlation coefficient, 0.46 between internally generated
revenue and organizational effectiveness. Based on the findings, some
recommendations were made. Among these were; the management of the
colleges should look inward in
Financial Resource Allocation and Organisational Effectiveness...
generating more revenue from consultancy services, running of college
farms, rents and organizing conferences and workshops for Teachers of
Arabic and Islamic Studies in primary and secondary schools as well as for
Judges in Lower Area Courts in Nigeria. Also, the provosts and academic
staff union should pursue vigorously the establishment of national regulatory
body for Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria. This may enhance
the chances of increasing the annual capital grants from Education Tax Fund
(ETF) through the Federal Government.
Introduction
The survival of any organization depends greatly on the quality and quantity
of resources at its disposal. No school system can effectively carry out its
functions without sufficient funds at its disposal. For example, Oyedeji (1989)
was of the opinion that many organizations would not be able to function well
if there is no adequate fund. This is because education requires manpower,
equipment and facilities which only money can buy. Nosiri (1986) stressed
the importance of educational funding to include: affording the education
institutions the opportunity to develop good educational programmes; paying
teachers promptly and maintaining school facilities. Bamisaiye (1983) stated
that money is required to attract, retain and develop the staff, to maintain the
school plant and procure other materials for effective functioning of the
school. In the same vein Musaazi (1982) remarked that for schools to
function effectively they need sufficient money.
Review of available literature shows that no studies have been carried out on
the relationship between financial resource allocation and organizational
effectiveness particularly in Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria.
For example many studies have been carried out on resource allocation and
internal efficiency, school resource management and school effectiveness,
resource utilization and organisational effectiveness. Some of these studies
include: Clark (1984), Chapman
48
S. O. Abdulrahman & J. A. Samiduro
(1988), Bassey (2000), Scheerens (2000), Durosaro (1985), Abdulkareem
(1989), Oyebanji (1991), Giwa (1993), Ibitoye (2003) and Afolabi (2004).
Clark (1984) centred his study on effective schools and school improvement.
Chapman (1988) studied school improvement and school effectiveness.
Bassey (2000) worked on strategic financial management process.
Scheerens (2000) conducted his study on improving school effectiveness.
Durosaro (1985) conducted his study 'on resource allocation and internal
efficiency. The research of Abdulkareem (1989) centred on school resource
management and school effectiveness. Oyebanji (1991) and Giwa (1993)
studied resource resources allocation and internal efficiency. Ibitoye's (2003)
study was on the relationship among school size, resource utilization and
school effectiveness. Afolabi (2004) conducted his research on resource
utilization and organisational effectiveness. It is noted however, that none of
these studies was conducted on the relationship between financial resource
allocation and organisational effectiveness in Colleges of Legal and Islamic
Studies in Nigeria.
A critical analysis of the studies cited shows that most of the works were
carried out either in secondary schools or colleges of education while the
present work was in Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria. The
researcher chooses Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies because the study
is aimed at filling the missing gaps created by the previous studies. The
researcher also observed that the most recent work on resource utilization
and organisational effectiveness was, done by Afolabi (2004). His work was
conducted in Kwara State tertiary institutions and the study was limited to
only two variables. These were some of the missing gaps this study intended
to fill. The present study therefore, was another attempt to investigate the
relationship between financial resource allocation and organisational
effectiveness in Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria.
49
Financial Resource Allocation and Organisational Effectiveness...
Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between
financial resource allocation and organisational effectiveness in Colleges of
Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria.
Population, Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study covered only the three geo-political zones of the Northern part of
Nigeria. In these zones there are 12 colleges of legal and Islamic studies, the
study was, however, limited to only eight Colleges of Legal and Islamic
Studies in Nigeria. The geo-political zones that were used in this study are
north-central, north-east and north-west. The selected colleges were also
limited to those that had been established for more than five years. The study
covered five academic sessions viz, 1997/98-2001/2002 in all the sampled
institutions. Therefore, only the available data within the period were
considered. In view of the identified limitations, the generalizations of the
findings are restricted to Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria
within the period under consideration, while the researcher believes that the
findings will be a good point of reference to all educational managers and
policy makers.
Some Review of Related Literature
Prior to Nigeria independence in 1960, education in the country had passed
through many phases of development. According to Adesina, Akinyemi and
Ajayi (1982), one of such phases was the increase in enrollment. For
instance, the primary school pupil enrollment ran from 22,057 in 1912 to
1,868,800 in 1956. There was a , similar increase in the enrollment of post
primary school students which ran from 1086 in 1912 to 42,576 in 1956. The
Yaba High College was founded in 1932 and became the' nucleus of the new
University College, Ibadan which was founded in 1948. The college opened
with 104 students in 1948 and increased to 1200 in 1958. As at 1986,
Fafunwa noted that there were 23 universities
50
S. O. Abdulrahman & J. A. Bamiduro
with 102,000 students. There were 32 Colleges of Education with 49,000
students while 29 polytechnics had 80,000 students. Jibril (2007) observed
that enrollment has also witnessed a significant growth. For example, in
1998, Nigeria had 63 colleges of education, with a total enrollment of 105,
817 students; 45 polytechnics, with 216, 782 students; and 36 universities,
with 411, 347 students. In addition 87 mono-technics, about 100 schools of
nursing and midwifery, and other professional training institutions had an
estimated combined enrollment of some 120,000 students. This shows that
nearly one million students are enrolled in more than 200 institutions in
Nigeria.
Nwagwu (2001) opined that there was ample evidence to show that the
education system has grown enormously in the last three decades. He
emphasised that the decade after the independence was affected by ravages
of the civil war, but ever since then; institutions, students and teachers have
increased beyond all projections. For instance, in 1960 there were only two
universities with 1,395 students (FRN, 2003). The transition rate from primary
to secondary school was estimated as 70% at the initial stages of the
implementation of "6-3-3-4 system of education" before dropping to 25-30%
in subsequent years. This position manifested itself in the enrolment at each
level of our educational levels (Salim, 2004). He also stressed further that the
enrolment in Nigeria's educational system for 1985 according to statistics is
given as follows-Primary schools 13.6 million, Secondary Schools 2.4 million
and Universities 130,000. For 1999/2000, the figures were given as 16.1
million for primary schools, nearly over 4 million for secondary schools and
389,000 for Universities. When these figures are 'compared, the Universities
enrolment would appear inadequate. The remarkable improvement in
educational finance started with the introduction of UPE scheme by some
governments and the expansion of physical facilities at a higher education
level. The single largest item in the budgets of state governments between
1955 and 1966/67 was the substantial allocation to education (Callaway and
Musonc, 1986). The period of increased expenditure on education indicated
that the Eastern and Western regions expended between 35 and
51
Financial Resource Allocation and Organisational Effectiveness...
49 percent of their annual recurrent expenditure on education while the
Northern region spent between 20 and 26 percent respectively. During the
1970s, "Education continued to be the single largest item of expenditure of
state governments" (Ojo, 1983). The capital resource allocation indicated the
same trend of increase during this period. In the first development plan,
education, got 10.3 percent of total planned public sector investment of N 1.4
billion and it was in the fifth position in comparison to all other sectors. In the
second development plan, education accounted for 13.5 percent of the N2.0
billion total planned public sector investments and it came second, since
more emphasis was put on education at this period. In the third development
plan, allocation to education dropped to the fifth position with educational
sector absorbing 7.5 percent of N2.464 billion out of public sector capital
expenditure of N32.855 billion (second national development plan).
The present researchers, having seen the increased trends of
educational finance on a macro level, was therefore interested in identifying
the allocation of financial resources to education at the Colleges of Legal and
Islamic Studies. The study was also intended to find out whether the amount
of funds allocated to these colleges has relationship with their organisational
effectiveness. This finding would be in consonance with the questions raised
by Ojo (1983) concerning the resource allocation priority among the different
levels of the formal education system: primary, secondary and tertiary.
Adesua (1981) dealt with the evolution or pattern of financing education in
Nigeria especially from 1840 to 1969. He gave a historical analysis of
government educational ordinance that relate government spending to
education of various levels in terms of grants-in-aid. He found out that
education in Nigeria was mainly financed by government. The expansion in
enrolment of students both at the secondary and tertiary levels was also
identified and analysed. He identified that the secondary education had the
largest account but the teacher education system had the lowest, Adesina
(1999) examined financing and management of primary schools in ' Ekiti
state. The study made use of ten selected primary schools in each of the four
selected local
52
S. O. Abdulrahman & J. A. Bamiduro
governments. Out of sixteen local governments in the state, two sets of
questionnaire were used in the study. Descriptive statistic was used to
analyse the data collected. The study revealed that the total number of pupils
enrolled in the state was 311,507 with 607 schools in the 16 local
government areas of the state. The large numbers of staff showed that a
great emphasis had been placed on the staff in terms of efficiency and
effectiveness of their academic matters since the majority of the staff were
NCE holders. Finally, there was a significant contribution to the funding of
primary education by the local, state and federal governments. This study
also showed that the internally generated revenue was among other sources
of funding primary education though very inadequate.
Adesina's study was based on primary education in one local government of
Ekiti State. The present study examined tertiary institutions in eight different
states in Nigeria. It aimed at identifying the sources and allocation of
available funds and whether the colleges under investigation were well
managed or not, and if funds were inadequate, what are the factors
responsible for this? Ajayi (1998) equally investigated the financing of private
secondary schools in Ekiti state with a view of making recommendations for
improvement. Four research questions were raised for the study. A
questionnaire was designed and used , to collect data from a sample of ten
out of eighteen private secondary schools randomly selected for the study.
The data collected were analysed using percentage score and Pearson
product moment correlation. His findings showed that schools fees was the
major source of their revenue in addition with owners' personal funds the
salaries and allowances of teachers formed the bulk of the total expenditure
of the schools apart from building project. The study has also showed that
there was no significant positive relationship between student enrolment and
revenue as well as expenditure of the schools. There was quiet a difference
between Ajayi's study and the present one in the sense that the latter
examines financial resource allocation in selected institutions in relation to
their organisational effectiveness. Also, while Ajayi looked at source and
utilization of funds,
53
Financial Resource Allocation and Organisational Effectiveness...
this research looks at how financial resource allocation influences the
organisational effectiveness of the institutions.
Research Hypotheses
The following research hypotheses were also tested.
HO1:
There is no significant relationship between recurrent expenditure
and organisational effectiveness in Colleges of Legal and Islamic
Studies in Nigeria.
HO2:
There is no significant relationship between capital expenditure and
organisational effectiveness in Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies
in Nigeria.
Ho3:
There is no significant relationship between internal generated
revenue and organisational effectiveness in Colleges of Legal and
Islamic Studies in Nigeria.
Sample and Sampling Technique
The population for this study consisted of all the 12 Colleges of Legal and
Islamic Studies in Nigeria. However, eight colleges were purposively selected
for the study. Since it was practically impossible to use the entire population
for the study, a purposive sampling technique was used. The college to be
used for the study was limited to eight Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies
in Nigeria. These were Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies, llorin, Kano,
Minna, Bauchi, Jigawa, Yola, Kebbi and Maiduguri. The sample colleges
represented 66.6% of the Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria. In
addition, simple random sampling technique was used to select the subjects
of the study in each of the sampled institutions. All in all, 450 principal officers
(Registrar, Bursars, Dean, Unit Directors, Heads of the Departments) and
academic staff were selected which represented about 84% of the entire
population. Instrumentation
This study adapted the instruments used by Abdulkareem (1989), Afolabi
(2004) and Omosidi 2007. To this effect two different questionnaires were
54
S. O. Abdulrahman & J. A. Bamiduro
designed by the researcher for the study. These included; Financial
Allocation Questionnaire (FAQ), comprise of items on recurrent and capital
expenditures, internal generated revenue, and donations from international
agencies. Organisational Effectiveness Questionnaire (OEQ), this covered
the academic achievements of the colleges in terms of the total number of
their successful final year students, the research publications and community
services.
Validity and Reliability of the Instrument
Copies of the draft questionnaire were submitted to experts in the
departments of Educational Management, Arts and Social Sciences
Education, and Educational Guidance and Counseling. Their useful
comments, opinions and suggestions enhanced the face and content validity
of the instruments. The reliability coefficients obtained were .76 and .79 for
FAQ, and OEQ respectively. Hence, the instruments used yielded a
moderate degree of reliability.
Analysis and Discussion of Data
The research hypotheses were analyzed through percentages, means and
stepwise multiple regression analysis to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of
significance.
Hypotheses Testing Hypothesis one
There is no significant relationship between recurrent expenditure and
organizational effectiveness in Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in
Nigeria.
55
Financial Resource Allocation and Organizational Effectiveness...
Table 1:
Stepwise multiple regression analysis on recurrent
expenditure and organizational effectiveness.
Source
Df
Ss
Ms
Regression
1
40.37576
40.37576
Residual
450
9549.85512
21.22190
F. Ratio
Sign. F
Decision
Ho
0.90255
0.4479
Rejected
R2<=0.6896
Table 1 revealed that there is significant relationship between recurrent
expenditure and organisational effectiveness in Colleges of Legal and Islamic
Studies in Nigeria. From the table, the calculated F-ratio was 0.90255, which
is greater than the level significant of 0.4499 at 0.05 significance level. Thus
implies rejection. The R-square of 0.6896 also shows that capital expenditure
contributed 69% to organizational effectiveness within the period of the study.
This shows that there is an association between recurrent expenditure and
organisational effectiveness in Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in
Nigeria. The multiple R of 0.8304 shows that for every unit increase of
organisational effectiveness, recurrent expenditure contributed 83%. This
further attested to the existing relation between the two variables. However,
the F-ratio and the significant F, which serve as decision determinants, were
found to be indicators contributing to recurrent expenditure of organisational
effectiveness, hence the rejection of the hypothesis.
The implication of this result is that recurrent expenditure would be about
higher result in achieving the desired organisational effectiveness in the
sampled colleges. This corroborates with the earlier findings of Oyebanji
(1991) that there is a significant relationship between recurrent cost and
academic performance of the students in Ado-Odo/Ota local government
area secondary schools of Ogun state. The study of Lawal (1989), also
agreed with this result which discovered that not less than 70% of the
average unit cost was expended on recurrent expenditure in his study of
analysis of the sources of funding secondary schools in Ondo state.
However, the result shows that recurrent expenditure is very vital to the
56
S. O. Abdulrahman & J. A. Bamiduro
achievement of high quality of organisational effectiveness in Colleges of
Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria.
Hypothesis Two
There is no significant relationship between capital expenditure and
organisational effectiveness in Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in
Nigeria.
Table 2:
Stopwise
multiple
regression
analysis
on
capital
expenditure and organizational effectiveness.
Source
Df
Ss
Ms
“Regression
1
36.47675
36.47675
Residual
450
8507.56897
18.90571
F. Ratio
Sign. F
Decision
Ho
0.92941
0.0243
Rejected
R2 = 0.3326
Table 2 shows the result of stepwise multiple regression analysis testing the
relationship between capital expenditure and organisational effectiveness in
Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria. The F-ratio of 1.92941 and
a significant value F of 0.0243 at 0.05 level of significance are found to be
indicators of contribution capital expenditure to organisational effectiveness
in Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria. The calculated F-ratio
from the table is greater than the significant F; therefore the null hypothesis is
rejected, which implies that there is 10 significant relationship between
capital expenditure and organisational effectiveness in Colleges of Legal and
Islamic Studies in Nigeria.
The R square of 0.3326 shows that capital expenditure accounted for 33% of
the variability in the organisational effectiveness during the period of this
57
Financial Resource Allocation and Organisational Effectiveness...
study. The multiple R is 0.5767 thus shows that there exists an association
between capital "expenditure and organisational effectiveness. That is, it
shows that for every unit increase of organisational effectiveness, capital
expenditure contributed 58%. This implies that capital expenditure is a strong
determinant of high organisational effectiveness. The finding indicates that
though capital expenditure contribution to organisational effectiveness seems
low for the period of the study but its contribution still has significant
relationship on organisational effectiveness.
This finding supports earlier findings of Akinwumiju and Orimoloye (1987)
and Ojuawo (1989) that the provision of capital projects such as staff
common room, teachers and pupil's furniture had significant relationship with
pupil's academic performance. In the same vein, the finding agreed with
Oyedeji (2000), Adegboyejo (1999) and Hallak (1990) whose studies
revealed that physical facilities impact significantly on quality of students'
instruction and thereby affecting the performance of students in the school.
Adesina (1980) further stressed that variation in students' academic
performance can be related to the availability or otherwise of physical
facilities such as furniture and other related materials which are capital
projects in nature. An institution that is well equipped with school
infrastructure such as buildings (that is, staff, offices, library, lecture room
and so on) has the capacity of encouraging staff and students to engage in a
self studying process hence, it is assumed that it would enhance
organisational effectiveness.
58
S. O. Abdulrahman & J. A, Bamiduro
Hypothesis Three
There is no significant relationship between internal generated revenue and
organisational effectiveness in Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in
Nigeria.
Table 3:
Step wise multiple regression analysis on internal generated
revenue and organizational effectiveness.
Source
Df
Ss
Ms
Regression
1
17.82098
17.82098
Residual
450
8209.87176
18.24416
F. Ratio
Sign. F
Decision
Ho
0.97680
0.6117
Rejected
From Table 3, the F-ratio of 0.97680 is greater than the significant value F of
0.6117 at 0.05 level of significance. This shows that the null hypothesis is
rejected, therefore is significant relationship between internal generated
revenue and organisational effectiveness in Colleges of Legal and Islamic
Studies in Nigeria. This implies that IGR is a major factor in significantly to
organisational effectiveness. The R-square of 0.4621 also shows that IGR
was able to explained 46% of the variability in organisational effectiveness
within the period of this study. The multiple R of 0.6798 shows that for every
unit increase of organisational effectiveness, internal generated revenue
contributed 68%.
59
Financial Resource Allocation and Organisational Effectiveness...
Table 4:
Relative contribution of each of the sub-variables of financial
resource allocation on organizational effectiveness in
Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria
Variables
Beta
Standard
F
Sign. F
Remark
X1X2X3
0.8304 0.05681
0,90255 0.4479
Significant
Constant
0.5767 0.44798
0.92941 0.0243
Significant
0.6798 0.011976
0.97680 0.6117
Significant
6.356811
6.875117
Table 4 shows the relationship of financial resource allocation sub-variables
(X) (recurrent and capital expenditures and internal generated revenue) to
organisational effectiveness (Y). The regression equation is Y = a + bjXj +
biXj + b3X3 + e. Substituting the vaiues of constant (a), beta (p) and standard
error (e) from the table in the regression equation gives; Y = 6.356811 +
0.8304XJ + 0.5767X2 + 0.6798X3 + 6.875117
The equation shows that for every point increase in the prediction variables
Xh X2 and X3 there will be an increase of 0.8304, (83%), 0.5767 (58%) and
0.6798 (68%) in the predicated criterion Y respectively. This means a unit
change in recurrent expenditure (X|) will have 83% influences on
organisational effectiveness (Y). Also, a unit change in capital expenditure
(X2) will have 58% influence on organisational effectiveness (Y) and
similarly, a unit change in internal generated revenue (X3) will have 68%
influence on organizational effectiveness (Y). The contribution of capital
expenditure on organisation effectiveness was low as against that of
recurrent expenditure and internal generated revenue. This is because the
capital grants by various state government were merely, approved on papers
not actually released to the institutions under the period of this study.
60
S. O. Abdulrahman & J. A. Bamiduro
The test of significance of each of the independent variables (X]t Xi, and X3)
at 0.0.5 level of significance reveals that for X|, the F value is 0.90255 while
the significance F is 0.4479, for X2, the F value 0.92941 while the
significance F is 0.0243 and for X3, the F value is 0.97680 while the
significance F is 0.6117. From the findings, the three independent variables
under financial resource allocation contributed differentially to organisational
effectiveness as shown by the observed standard regression weight Beta ((3)
values for each variable. Recurrent expenditure has the highest magnitude of
contribution; the internal generated revenue is ranked second while capital
expenditure has the last magnitude.
From the table, the values indicated that within the period under study
(1997/98-2001/2002), recurrent expenditure, capital expenditure and internal
"generated revenue had significant influence on organisational effectiveness
in Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria. The finding is in line with
Coomb (1968) who described money as an absolute input of any educational
programme whether huge or small. To him educational problems become
more manageable with adequate funding, though they do not vanish with low
contribution, hence he recommended ample funding of the educational
system.
Conclusion and Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, the study reveals that, financial resource
allocation have significant relationship with organisational effectiveness. In
other words organisational effectiveness in Colleges of Legal and Islamic
Studies depends on financial resources allocation employed by the chief
executives. This conclusion is drawn probably because; financial resource
allocation is the chief driver of organisational
61
Financial Resource Allocation and Organisational Effectiveness...
effectiveness. Any unit increase on independent variable (financial resource
allocation) had proportionate increase on dependent variable (organisational
effectiveness).
Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that:
1. In order to make the institutions more effective through adequate funding,
the Management of Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies should
look
inward in generating more revenue' internally from consultancy services,
running of college farms, rents, sandwich courses for the award of
Diploma certificates, organizing conferences and workshops for teachers
of Arabic and Islamic studies in primary and secondary schools and for
the Judges in Lower Area Courts.
2. In order to make the institutions more effective, government should meet
up the college estimates on financial allocation generally and most
especially the capital expenditure. 'Also, government in various states
should review upward the monthly subventions of the institutions in order
to cater for recurrent expenditure.
3. Government in various states of the institutions should release special
grants for capital projects, because there is a need for improvement of
the teaching-learning conditions by rehabilitating and constructing of
college buildings, staff offices and furnishing then as well.
4. There is the need for management through various state governments to
seek for financial assistant from religious bodies in the country.
5. Also, the management of these institutions should look at the possibilities
of seeking foreign aids from Islamic countries in the financing of these
institutions.
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