Thematic charts from the focus groups 1 Theme 1 - Effects of policy Respondent 1.1 Nature of the benefits (size/type) FG11, female, >60 Effect on morbidity (p13) Theme 2 - Alternatives 1.2 Side-effects FG12, male, >60 FG13, female, >31-45 1.3 Financial consequences 1.4 Balance of benefits and 1.5 Other effects disbenefits Start-up costs will be horrendous but may be worth it in the long-run (p12) Life is more important than As long as its safe, I'm clean teeth (p10) happy (p7) Costs of the policy (p8) Banning smoking will save money (p9) FG23, female, 3145 The cost of implementing the policy are too high (p11) FG25, female, 1830 Speed limits will not have effect as there are other causes of accidents (p5). Bad teeth caused by unhealthy diets (p7). Better information on health lifestyles (p7). Better labelling of foods (p8) Need for healthy food at affordable prices (p8) There are more important ways of helping poorer areas (p11). Need to give people the right information (p2). Nutrition and domestic skills tackle the root cause (p11) More tagetted speed limit policy would be better (p5,6). Prevention is better than cure (p12) Need to weigh it up in terms of people benefiting (p7) FG22, female, >60 FG24, female, 1830 2.3 Alternative interventions better Savings will outwegh the costs in the long-run (p12) FG14, female, 1830 FG15, female, 1830 FG21, male, 46- It works, but it doesn't 60 eradicate the problem (p12) 2.1 Alternative causes more 2.2 Alternative problems important (or part of a more important more complex problem) Mass dosing works but the returns are bizarre (p11). Benefits and unknowns do not equate with folic acid but do with smoking (p16) Treating the whole population to benefit a few (p10, 11) More targeted interventions would be better (p13). Unhealthy choices are the problem (p12) If you want to save lives sort out road deaths (p8) It's a non-issue (p8). Misses the point… (p14) Not the right way to tackle the problem (p11) Other causes of the problem (p11) Information has its limits (p13). Its all about education (p13). General fellin gthat there has got to be a better way (p15) Role of advertising in obesity (p4) I'd rather see health education (p11). Educatoin is easy to target (p12) Unhealthy eating is the root cause (p12) Smoking area would give freedom to choose (p8, 15). Targeting of folic acid (p10) Theme 1 - Effects of policy Respondent 1.1 Nature of the benefits (size/type) FG31, female, >60 Benefits are not very big (p10) FG32, female, 18- Effectiveness is important 30 (p19) Theme 2 - Alternatives 1.2 Side-effects 1.3 Financial consequences 1.4 Balance of benefits and 1.5 Other effects disbenefits 2.1 Alternative causes more 2.2 Alternative problems important (or part of a more important more complex problem) 2.3 Alternative interventions better Bad driving is a wider problem than speeding (p18) What you don't know can't hurt you (p10) If its expensive, the money could be better spent elsewhere (p9). The polices will cost little and save a lot (p16) Advertising and education (p6). Speed bumps would be better (p14) FG33, male, >60 Speed kills, but tooth decay is cosmetic (p16) Unhealthy diets are the cause of tooth decay (p7). Wider problem of road safety (p12) FG34, female, 18- Benefits with both policies - There are no disadvantages 30 improving health (p16) to fluoridation (p19) If the side effects are minor and the effects large, they can try it (p9). If its good, it doesn't matter about compulsion (p11) Targeting of speed limits to schools etc (p15) Health education on television (p6) FG35, female, >60 FG36, female, 3145 FG37, female, 46- It reduces pain and 60 suffering (p10). Future benefits (p18) FG38, male, >60 Benefits are small for both programmes (p17) Unhealthy lifestyles rather than single causes (p6). Wider problem of poor driving (p13). Diet problems (p19) The effects could save money in the long-run (p16) Its okay as long as its safe (p9) FG41, female, 46- It benefits only a small 60 proportion of the population (p7) FG42, male, 31- It’s a bit harsh, but 180 45 babies doesn't seem very many (p14). The scale of the problem is key, if it were 90% of babies, I wouldn't hesitate (p15) The scale of the problem is key, if it were 90% of babies, I wouldn't hesitate (p15) Not just education, its selfesteem (p9) Women are prescribed tables (p7) Its an educational problem people don't understand how to raise a child (p9). School is a controlled environment - captive audience (p9) Schools set an example (p10). Parenting is a big problem (p12). Straing of moder life (p14) Take tablets not additives (p7) Theme 1 - Effects of policy Respondent 1.1 Nature of the benefits (size/type) Theme 2 - Alternatives 1.2 Side-effects FG43, female, 3145 1.3 Financial consequences 1.4 Balance of benefits and 1.5 Other effects disbenefits It’s a cost balancing exercise (p13) 2.1 Alternative causes more 2.2 Alternative problems important (or part of a more important more complex problem) It’s a cost balancing exercise (p13) 2.3 Alternative interventions better The problem is not as big as Pregnant women could be it used to be (p7) prescribed tablets, surely (p7). Screening and abortion is another way out (p8) FG44, male, >60 FG45, male, >60 Benefits to babies is important (p15) These can be avoided, so not so important (p15) FG46, male, >60 It's on a small percentage of all births (p7) FG47, female, >60 Smoking affects everyone whether its active or passive (p14). It’s a small number of babies (p16) The birth defects must be cuased by something the parents did (p7). Diet is central to everything, schools can provide one good meal a day (p9) What abour the number of people killed on the roads? (p11) Anit-smoking campaigns should start in schools (12) Its got adverse effects on another section of the population (p16). Smoking ban doesn't have adverse effect (p16) FG48, female, 46- Of all the babies born, it’s a There is a tradeoff with folic I would look at the cost 60 small percentage (p8). acid but with smoking there implications (p16) Smoking affects a lot of isn't a downside (p13). It is people (p13) to the detriment of another sector of the population (p16) This has no downside (smoking ban) (p14) Benefits are not high enough for me to contemplate that (p16). Small benefit and a detriment to other sector of the population (p16) A lot of unplanned preganancies are caused by drugs (p9) The mother can take tablets (p8) FG51, female, 31- It helps children, and 45 children are the future (p17) Is it expensive? (p11) Cost saving associated with banning smoking (p17) Information doesn't always work as the poor get the least information (p6) FG52, female, >60 The cost is unlimited if you don't prevent illness (p4) Prevention is better than cure (p4) It prevent tooth decay (p18) FG53, male, >60 There is a public benefit (p17) FG54, male, >60 FG55, male, 4660 What other effects are there? (p12) White spots on your teeth are better than holes in in them (p12) I would have thought that it You've got to look at the was cost-effective (p4) best results for the majority (p14) You will never get a policy that will please everyone (p15) Other things cause tooth decay (p18) Problems with NHS dentistry is the big problem (p13) We should have more information (p5) Theme 1 - Effects of policy Respondent 1.1 Nature of the benefits (size/type) Theme 2 - Alternatives 1.2 Side-effects 1.3 Financial consequences 1.4 Balance of benefits and 1.5 Other effects disbenefits FG56, female, 46- Smoking benefits people 60 and so does fluoridation (p17) 2.1 Alternative causes more 2.2 Alternative problems important (or part of a more important more complex problem) 2.3 Alternative interventions better Stress/poverty keeps people smoking, and that can't be removed (p10) FG57, male, 46- The general public good and 60 numbers of people (p15). At the end of the day, it's saving lives (p16) FG58, female, >60 The money could be spent better elsewhere (p17) It's just like taking a tablet with side effects; everyone does it (p14) The money could be spent better elsewhere (p17) FG61, male, >60 Speed limits do more than Speed limits don't harm Costs-wise, it makes so save lives - injuries time off anyone (p9) Fortification is much sense (p14) work (p10) an unknown quantity (p13) FG62, male, >60 Percentage reduction is big, but the absolute numbers are small (p5) Its not a lot of babies overall (p6) Speed limits save more lives (p10) Maximum health benefits (p14) Need to know the numbers Cost savings from stopping getting side-effects (p7) smoking equal loss in tax Side-effects can have knock- revenue (p3) on consequences (p8) An extra two minutes traveling is not much (p14) FG63, male, >60 It's not a lot of babies (p7) Smoking ban will not have a big effects as so few people smoking (p11) Beneficial potential (p14) Speed limits are better value for money - you have to consider the costs (p10) Costs..(p14) FG64, male, 46- Maximum gain for least 60 effort (p14) FG65, female, >60 Smoking ban has a big effect (p13) Risks to the elderly (p8) Speed limts only have advantages (p10) Better targetting - speed limits around schools and at limited times (p4). Smoking ban in restaurants not pubs (p12) It's a balance, and without numbers you can't decide (p7) Proportions are out of kilter (p8) For these numbers it seems excessive to treat everyone (p8) Other schemes, such as mixing traffic and removing street furniture (p5) Folic acid tablets should be used more (p7) and counselling (p8) If correctly targetted (p4) The proportions are all wrong (p8) There are pros and cons with fortification (p10) And of course we have the demon drink… (p5) Respondent Theme 2 - Alternatives (cont…) 2.4 Other alternatives to the underlying logic of the scheme Theme 3 - Role of government 3.1 Enabling policies (e.g. subsidies, public awareness) 3.2 Compulsion/regulation 3.3 Scepticism of government 3.4 Nanny state FG11, female, >60 3.5 Prevent harm of individuals 3.6 Other roles People have to have their say (p9) FG12, male, >60 Need to be non-prescriptive Education hasn't worked; if (p2) people are given a coice they will drive faster (p6) Restricting treatment on the NHS for smokers (p4) FG13, female, >31-45 Subside healthy food (p4). The public are devious, so if Wealth give you choice over they can get away with it, behaviour alternatives they will (p10) (p11). Restricting treatment on the NHS for smokers (p4) FG14, female, 1830 FG15, female, 1830 FG21, male, 4660 Not the job of government to criminalise unhealthy behaviour (p7) Picking cheap/easy policy options (p8, 14). Political correctness dirving policy (p10) People don't like being told what to do (p12) Not their role to remove all risks (p8). Exercise and sport in schools (p5). Devolving decisions to local communities (p5). To protect children (p9). Should not trade-off between different population groups (p15) FG22, female, >60 FG23, female, 3145 FG24, female, 18- Compulsion avoids need to Prescribing exercise for 30 change behaviour, bt obesity (p6) behaviour change is central to the problem (p24) FG25, female, 1830 Picking on easy targets rather than important/bigger issues (p8) Prevent individuals harming Helping parents with other individuals (p8) raising/educating children (p3). Schools policy, healthy eating and cooking (p4) The nanny state thing that Labour have (p7) If the government has fully evaluated it, then I'm comfortable (p16) School curriculum for healthy behaviour (p2) Respondent FG31, female, >60 2.4 Other alternatives to the underlying logic of the scheme Theme 3 - Role of government 3.1 Enabling policies (e.g. subsidies, public awareness) 3.2 Compulsion/regulation 3.3 Scepticism of government 3.4 Nanny state 3.5 Prevent harm of individuals 3.6 Other roles I wouldn't lose any sleep over it (p10) FG32, female, 1830 Protect the innocent not those who harm themselves (p16) FG33, male, >60 FG34, female, 1830 FG35, female, >60 Schooling and cookery (p5) FG36, female, 3145 Cookery and nutritions in schools (p5) FG37, female, 4660 Big Brother imposing things on us (p10) Schooling and healthy behaviour (p5) FG38, male, >60 FG41, female, 4660 Banning advertising of Qutie scary allow the unhealthy foods for children government to tamper with (p6) our food (p15) FG42, male, 3145 Ban McDonalds! (p5). Banning is acceptable - look at smoking (p6). You can't nibble at it - a bit of pressure won't work (p6) Curriculum needs looking at (p4). Accusations of the nanny state if the government gets invovled (p3) Respondent FG43, female, 3145 2.4 Other alternatives to the underlying logic of the scheme Theme 3 - Role of government 3.1 Enabling policies (e.g. subsidies, public awareness) Free acces to gyms to get round the poverty element (p5) FG44, male, >60 3.2 Compulsion/regulation 3.3 Scepticism of government Seems to be okay in the Republic of Ireland (p10). Other should be considered (p11). I have no problem with the nanny state (p14) 3.4 Nanny state 3.5 Prevent harm of individuals You get the nanny state coming in saying you have to do to this or that (p5). I have no problem with the nanny state (wrt smoking) (p14) 3.6 Other roles Including health living in the curriculum (p4). Promoting community action to encourage local ownership (p4). Schools can't solve everything (p9) I don't like bans (p15) FG45, male, >60 FG46, male, >60 Regulation of the food industry (p5). It's not the school's responsibility to solve unhealthy eating (p9) FG47, female, >60 FG48, female, 4660 If its done gradually, its becomes acceptable (p11) The government should enable us rather than tell us what to do (p5) FG51, female, 3145 FG52, female, >60 Not a ban on smoking, just more restrictions (p18) FG53, male, >60 FG54, male, >60 FG55, male, 4660 The government should intervene to prevent harm (p5) Compulsion works, information doesn't (p6) Act in the interests of most people, most of the time (p15) We are going to lose out whatever happens (p17) Respondent 2.4 Other alternatives to the underlying logic of the scheme Theme 3 - Role of government 3.1 Enabling policies (e.g. subsidies, public awareness) 3.2 Compulsion/regulation 3.3 Scepticism of government The government should introduce compulsory health screening (p3) They won't ban smoking because of the taxes and the tobacco companies (p7). No fluoridation because the water companies are private and it saves them money (p11) 3.4 Nanny state 3.5 Prevent harm of individuals 3.6 Other roles FG56, female, 4660 FG57, male, 4660 FG58, female, >60 FG61, male, >60 FG62, male, >60 It's all very Big Brother, someone telling you, you've got to do it (p16) They should bring it bask into schools (p2) Difficult to stop smoking as the government will lose income (p3) They just do it, and don't tell anyone (p7) THe government bags money and we can't do anything (p10) Ban smoking (p3) Fluoridaton (p4) FG63, male, >60 Lack of thinking is symptomatic of government (p8) They want it both ways - no smoking but lots of taxes (p3) Britain is ruled on political correctness (p11) They wouldn't have the guts to impose them all (p13) FG64, male, 4660 Control over food additives (p3) FG65, female, >60 Regulation of the food industry (p4) Should take a long term view - not 4 years (p3) Theme 4 - Uncertainties Respondent 4.1 Side-effects/safety 4.2 Distrust of science 4.3 More research needed 4.4 Feasibility in the real world 4.5 Unforeseen consequences 4.6 Thin end of the wedge FG11, female, >60 FG12, male, >60 Too many (potential) consequences of fluoridation (p8) FG13, female, >31-45 Unintended consequences that dould be felt for generations (p8) Need to know bout the sideeffects (p13) FG14, female, 1830 FG15, female, 18- Need more information on 30 side-effects (p13) FG21, male, 4660 More rearch needs to be done on the (side)effects (p8,13,14) …Damn lies….(and statistics).. (p7) Sceptical of evidence (on passive smoking) (p7). Some scientist has just done some research..(p17) FG22, female, >60 Compulsory interventions are do-able (p14) It worked in Ireland… (p7) FG23, female, 31- The jury is out on the size 45 of the side-effects (p15) Need more evidence… (p16) I think it is likely to succeed (p23) FG24, female, 1830 FG25, female, 1830 Fluoridation could lead ot other policies that imporve health (p10) Suspicious of the causes of many diseases (p15) 4.7 Other issues relating to certainty/uncertainty of effects Theme 4 - Uncertainties Respondent 4.1 Side-effects/safety 4.2 Distrust of science 4.3 More research needed 4.4 Feasibility in the real world 4.5 Unforeseen consequences 4.6 Thin end of the wedge FG31, female, >60 FG32, female, 1830 Even if its not 100% effective, it will have some benefit (p14) FG33, male, >60 People will not obey speed limits (p18) FG34, female, 1830 Won't take any notice of speed limits (p13). I believe that fluoridation will work (p19) Slowing traffic down will cause more accidents (p17) FG35, female, >60 FG36, female, 3145 Speed limits won't work (p19) FG37, female, 4660 It will work but it will take time for people to adjust (p13) People will not obey speed limits and so it will fail (p12) Bans have worked elsewhere (p11) FG38, male, >60 FG41, female, 4660 FG42, male, 3145 Level of certainty that the policy will have an effect (p15) Allowing additives is the thin end of the wedge (p15) 4.7 Other issues relating to certainty/uncertainty of effects Theme 4 - Uncertainties Respondent 4.1 Side-effects/safety 4.2 Distrust of science 4.3 More research needed They don't know the longterm effects of folic acid (p15) They don't know the longterm effects of folic acid (p15) 4.4 Feasibility in the real world 4.5 Unforeseen consequences 4.6 Thin end of the wedge With the side-effects, something else is probably going on as well (p16) If they ban this, what are they going to ban next (p11) FG43, female, 31- The avoidability of side45 effects from folic acid is very uncertain (p16) FG44, male, >60 Uncertainty of the sideeffects is worrysome (p15) FG45, male, >60 FG46, male, >60 FG47, female, >60 FG48, female, 46- Smoking is proven, foic acid 60 isn't (p16) There may be other things we could do, and we can't add things to everything (p8) FG51, female, 3145 FG52, female, >60 FG53, male, >60 FG54, male, >60 I need more information on the (side) effects (p18) FG55, male, 4660 It won't have an effect people just smoke outside (p8) Statistical links don't mean anything (p14) I don't thing the system could cope (p4) 4.7 Other issues relating to certainty/uncertainty of effects Theme 4 - Uncertainties Respondent 4.1 Side-effects/safety 4.2 Distrust of science 4.3 More research needed FG56, female, 4660 4.4 Feasibility in the real world 4.5 Unforeseen consequences 4.6 Thin end of the wedge Fluoridation won't work or happen due to fear of litigation (p7) FG57, male, 4660 FG58, female, >60 People will smoke more in front of their children (p7) FG61, male, >60 If you are uncertain of sideeffects, you shouldn't do it (p8) Minor side-effects can lead to big accidents (p8) FG62, male, >60 Fortification is an unknown quantity (p14) Need to know the numbers getting side-effects (p7) FG63, male, >60 There's lot of problems that Highly suspect facts (p11) are no quantified (p8) Need more information in order to make a decision (p8) FG64, male, 46- The con's don't seem to be 60 well known (p10) FG65, female, >60 Side-effects can have knockon consequences (p8) At what point do you stop forcing things onto people (p7) 4.7 Other issues relating to certainty/uncertainty of effects Respondent Theme 5 - Coherence of policy 5.1 Clarity of policy Theme 6 - Rights and responsibilities 5.2 Consistency with other policies 5.3 Other policy issues 6.1 Choice/freedom of choice/civil liberties 6.2 Not to harm others 6.3 Personal responsibility 6.4 Other rights issues FG11, female, >60 FG12, male, >60 Driving slower saves lives is Depends on the criminal obvious, fluoridation is not justice system (p6) clear (p10). Are the effects clear cut? (p13) FG13, female, >31-45 Speed limits are obvious speed kills (p13) Information gives choice (p2). Free to harm yourself (p2) Corssed messages with respect to road safety; drink driving or killing people given very little penalty (p6) Public don't have a role in MRSA (p2). Some things are not our responsibility (p2). Compulsion means you don't have to take responsibility (p11). FG14, female, 1830 FG15, female, 1830 FG21, male, 4660 FG22, female, >60 FG23, female, 31- It is clear that smoke is bad 45 for you (p8) Coherent set of policies across government (p3) Adults can choose, chldren Especially chirden as they can't (p9). Smoking ban don't have the choice (p9) increases freedoms, folic acid reduces freedom (p15) I'd like to have the choice over whether to buy affected food (p16) Smoking is an attack on Impact on other people's civil liberties, not the policy health is different than (p7). Civil liberties impact on own health (p8) infringed by putting additives into food (p11) FG24, female, 1830 FG25, female, 1830 Looking to government to fix our problems (p9). The NHS treating rathre than preventing means people abdicate responsibility (p18) We all know what we should do, we just don't do it (p2) Compulsion avoids the need to change behaviour (p14) Smoking areas would give freedom to choose (p8) Responsibility of parents to raise children with healthy behaviours (p25) Respondent Theme 5 - Coherence of policy 5.1 Clarity of policy Theme 6 - Rights and responsibilities 5.2 Consistency with other policies 5.3 Other policy issues FG31, female, >60 FG32, female, 1830 6.1 Choice/freedom of choice/civil liberties 6.2 Not to harm others 6.3 Personal responsibility Give people a choice (p10) Tooth decay is self-inflicted (p16) FG33, male, >60 Speed limts are absolutely ridiculous (p19) FG34, female, 1830 FG35, female, >60 FG36, female, 3145 FG37, female, 4660 Shouldn't have things imposed (p10) FG38, male, >60 Not essential (p19) FG41, female, 46- Vountary bans have shown 60 that it works, and helps people stop (p10) Smoking ban is one of the most obvious things ever (p15) I don't think additives are a good idea (p7) FG42, male, 31- Level of certainty that the 45 policy will have an effect (p15) Think it's a bit dodgy (p6) A lot of things are your own responsibility, no the government (p3). Someone is taking responsibility for banning it, taking the responsibility away from the individuals (p12) 6.4 Other rights issues Respondent Theme 5 - Coherence of policy 5.1 Clarity of policy FG43, female, 31- Its time has come (p10). 45 Other bans have worked as well (p10,11). Banning smoking is direct, whilst folic acid is indirect (p13). Banning feels more honest (p13) Theme 6 - Rights and responsibilities 5.2 Consistency with other policies 5.3 Other policy issues 6.1 Choice/freedom of choice/civil liberties I don't agree to adding anything to food at all (p7) You get civil rights people syaing that we can't be told what to do (p5) 6.2 Not to harm others 6.3 Personal responsibility 6.4 Other rights issues One of the things we have to do is exercise (p5). Its up to the individual (p5) FG44, male, >60 FG45, male, >60 I think it will come anyway to be honest (p12) FG46, male, >60 We all know what the results of the smoking ban will be (p15) But its up to the individual (p5_ Additives are promoted by big business - we didn't need them before (p8) FG47, female, >60 The size of the infringement is important (p14). If they want to smoke, they can go home (p16) FG48, female, 46- We’ve seen it coming and 60 we've seen it in Ireland (p14) Its an infringements of my rights, whilst smoking is something I've willing to give up (p14). With the smoking ban, they can still smoke (p16) FG51, female, 3145 There are limits to rights (p9) FG52, female, >60 FG53, male, >60 FG54, male, >60 FG55, male, 4660 There is no choice with fluoridation, but there is with smoking (p14) There is an argument that we shoul dnto force people (p13) It makes Vitamin B12 You've already got the deficiency more difficult to option to take folic acid (p6) treat (p6) Smoking impacts on other people (p12) Its something that can be recitified by the mother taking tablets (p8) Are the poor deserving of our help (p8) Respondent Theme 5 - Coherence of policy 5.1 Clarity of policy Theme 6 - Rights and responsibilities 5.2 Consistency with other policies 5.3 Other policy issues 6.1 Choice/freedom of choice/civil liberties 6.2 Not to harm others 6.3 Personal responsibility FG56, female, 4660 FG57, male, 4660 Some problems are the responsibility of the individual (p6) FG58, female, >60 I'd vote against it (smoking) because of freedom of choice (p17) FG61, male, >60 Targetting makes more sense and it has been proven to work (p5) Fortificaiton is underhand (p10) Smoking ban does radically affect people (p13) FG62, male, >60 The sinlge most important thing government could do (p11) Smoking ban is obvious (p11) I'm anti-authoritarian (p3) I'm conscious that we are eroding individual's liberties (p14) FG63, male, >60 Any sensibile person could disagree with this (p4) It's going to happen, and it worked in Italy! (p11) Britain is ruled on political correctness (p11) Practicalities (p14) Smokers can kill Why should rest of society themselves in private (p3) suffer because some don't Smoke in private where you take tablets? (p7) don't harm anyone else (p12) I agree in principle, but how are you going to apply it? (p4) Are spped limits public health? (p10) FG64, male, 46- Speed kills - simple (p5) 60 The effects of the smoking policy are true (p11) Smoking ban is a good idea we've learnt our lesson (p11) Ease of putting it into effect (p14) FG65, female, >60 Why should I inflict somthing onto someone else (p11) 6.4 Other rights issues Theme 7 - Other issues Respondent 7.1 Other motivations FG11, female, >60 FG12, male, >60 FG13, female, >31-45 FG14, female, 1830 FG15, female, 1830 FG21, male, 46- Religious issues related to 60 terminations (p13) FG22, female, >60 FG23, female, 3145 FG24, female, 1830 FG25, female, 18- Pure self interest - I don't 30 like smoking (p16) 7.2 Other Theme 7 - Other issues Respondent 7.1 Other motivations FG31, female, >60 Improved health for future generations (grandchildren) - impure altruism (p18) FG32, female, 1830 FG33, male, >60 FG34, female, 1830 FG35, female, >60 Benefits to grandchildren impure altruism (p18) FG36, female, 3145 FG37, female, 46- Future benefits -altruism 60 (p18) FG38, male, >60 FG41, female, 4660 FG42, male, 3145 7.2 Other Theme 7 - Other issues Respondent 7.1 Other motivations 7.2 Other FG43, female, 3145 FG44, male, >60 FG45, male, >60 FG46, male, >60 FG47, female, >60 FG48, female, 4660 FG51, female, 3145 FG52, female, >60 FG53, male, >60 Public benefit, but neither affect me (p17) FG54, male, >60 FG55, male, 4660 Contract with the state (p14) Theme 7 - Other issues Respondent 7.1 Other motivations 7.2 Other FG56, female, 4660 FG57, male, 4660 FG58, female, >60 FG61, male, >60 FG62, male, >60 FG63, male, >60 FG64, male, 4660 FG65, female, >60 We need food, so it should be unadulterated (p4)