
The body and the environment around it

React to exposure of natural and man-made chemicals

Discussion of




The bones/their mineral content
Crystal chemistry and structure
Analysis of Bone
Osteoporosis


Calcium phosphate hydroxylapatite

Normal mineralized tissues:


Teeth (enamel, dentine & cementum)
Bone

Pathological mineralization

Tumors, scar tissue, arteries, kidneys, dental calculus.

Composition of Mineralized Tissues


Hexagonal structure of bioapatites can bind to compounds other than calcium



Lead
○
Gasoline, uranium, soil, leaded paint
Florine (fluoride in water)
Composition changes
○
○
○
Age
Geographical location
Ingestion of food and water


Normal mineral/collagen ratio

Decreased mineral tissue per unit area

Influenced by environmental factors
Apparent Density


Mineral concentration per mass of bone is measured.

Porous bone



Fluoride
 organic matrix.
○
Narrow therapeutic window
Bisphosphonates

 bioapatite.
○
May cause osteoclast apoptosis
Hormones

Estrogen
○



Mineralized tissues play a role in growth development and maintenance of all bodily functions, organs, and tissues.
Bioapatite as a record keeper of chemicals ingested and our environments.
Three forward!