Course: MAC 407 Critical Issues in Mass Media 1 (2 Credits. Compulsory)
Course Duration: Two hours per week for 15 weeks (30 hours) as taught in the 2011/2012
session.
Lecturer: Abdulrauf, A. A.
B.Sc. Mass Communication (Zaria);
Graduate Member, Nigerian Institute of Management (GMNIM),
Department of Mass Communication,
Faculty of Communication and Information Sciences,
University of Ilorin,
Ilorin, Nigeria.
E-mail: ajokeaisha@yahoo.com
abdulrauf.aa@unilorin.edu.ng
Office Location: First Floor, Room 3, Educational Technology Center, University of Ilorin,
Nigeria.
Consultation Hours: 11.00am – 1.00pm (Tuesdays and Thursdays).
Lecturer: Azeez, A.L.,
Ph.D Communication Studies (UK);
M.Sc Mass Communication (Lagos);
M.A International Law and Diplomacy (Lagos);
B.Sc Mass Communication (Lagos);
NCE Language (Ilesha);
Department of Mass Communication,
Faculty of Communication and Information Sciences,
University of Ilorin,
Ilorin, Nigeria.
E-mail: azeez_ogo_oluwa@yahoo.com, azeez.al@unilorin.edu.ng
Office Location: Ground floor Room 3, Educational Technology Centre, Department of Mass
Communication ,
Consultation Hours: 1.00pm- 3.00pm (Mondays and Wednesdays)
Developer: Abdulrauf, A.A.
Course Content
Critical analysis of significant events and personalities that have featured in and characterised the
Nigerian mass media from the political, social and economic points of view. Dynamics of the
mass media in Nigeria and their institutional roles.
Course Description
1
Critical issues in the mass media (1) looks at various important issues in the field of mass
communication and their theoretical explanations. It spans the branches of the mass
communication i.e broadcast, print, advertising, and public relations and also encompasses issues
that border on both old and new media. These issues range from terrorism, commercialization,
propaganda global media governance, globalization, Information and Communication
Technologies, propaganda, violence and international media dependency. The preoccupation of
this course is to bring to the front burner, important issues happening in the media world today,
both within and outside Nigeria.
Course Justification
The world is now a global village and activities happening around different parts of the world are
not isolated but spread globally. Hence this course looks at various contemporary issues
happening in the media industry, both in Nigeria and worldwide.
Course Objectives
The primary objective of this course is to give students an all round view of important issues in
the field of mass communication and to provide groundwork for those who may later wish to
practice in any field of journalism. Hence, by the end of the course, the students should be able
to:
1. Analyze issues that border on media violence, commercialization, professionalism and
governance;
2. Discuss issues that have to do with international communication;
3. Identify the various effects media has on audience;
4. Discuss concerns about how media report terrorism, social groups, war and celebrities;
5. Describe the social and economic impact of advertising and
6. Define various ethical concepts in the media.
Course Requirements
Participants in the course are required to:
1. Attend at least 75% of classes in the course punctually;
2. Participate in all course activities regularly;
3. Have a yahoo e-mail account, join and participate in an on-line discussion group
dedicated to the course;
4. Word process their seminar presentations;
5. Submit of proposal for a term paper on any critical issue of their choice and
6. Make a power point presentation at the class seminar.
Methods of Grading
2
Performance in the course will be graded using the guidelines in the table below.
Criterion
Percentage
Score of Total
Marks
25
05
70
100
Seminar Presentation
Participation in on-line discussion
End of Semester Examination
Total
Course Delivery Strategies
The face-to-face method of lecture delivery strategy is adopted for the course. There will be a
discussion of one issue per lecture hour. There will also be an on-line discussion forum for
students’ participation and seminar presentation.
Lecture Contents
Week 1: Introduction and Overview of the Course.
Objectives
The lecture will introduce students to the various critical issues and why they are considered so.
Description
First Hour
Introduction of the course.
Second Hour
Critical issues in the mass media.
Study Questions
1. What do you understand by the word ‘issue’ in the context of critical issues in the media?
2. Define the term ‘mass media’?
3. Explain the term ‘critical Issues’?
4. Differentiate between critical issues and news in the media.
5. The critical issues in the mass media are global in nature. Discuss.
Reading List.
1. Critical 3,www.wikipedia.org/critical.
2. Issues3, www.wikipedia.org/issues.
3. Mass media3, www.wikipedia.org/mass media.
4. Oxford4, Advanced Learners Dictionary (7th ed). (2005). New York. United States of
America: Oxford University Press.ISBN-13:978-0-19-4316613.
Week 2: Violence in the Media/ Press Freedom and Access to Information.
Objectives
This lecture seeks to explore the debate as to whether media violence causes real life violence
and also enlighten students on press freedom and access to information.
3
Description
First Hour
Violence in the media and theoretical explanation.
Second Hour
Press freedom and access to information.
Study Questions
1. Argue for or against this assertion ‘violence in the media increases the possibility of real
life violence’.
2. Describe how the following theories/model explains the critical issue of violence in the
media.
- Catharsis theory
- Social learning theory.
- Social cognitive theory.
- Stimulation model.
3. Using the aggressive cue theory to support your claim, explain how media violence leads
the real life violence.
4. What does the universal declaration of human right state?
5. What are the journalistic codes of ethics?
6. Why is press freedom and access to information a critical issue in the mass media?
7. What is press freedom?
Reading List
1. Anaeto4 S.G, Onabanjo O.S, & Osifeso J.B. (2008). Models and Theories of
Communication. Maryland, United State of America: African Renaissance Books
Incorporated, pp 102-107. ISBN 978-0-9801626-1-5.
2. Baran4, S.J. (2006). Introduction to Mass Communication. Media Literacy and Culture
(6th ed).New York, United States of America: McGraw Hills Companies Inc,
pp 377-384 . ISBN: 978-0-07-016913-5.
4
3. Baran , J.S. & Davis, D.K. (2009). Mass Communication Theory; Foundations, Ferment
and Future. ( 5th ed). Boston, United States of America: Wardsworth Cengage
Learning , pp 180-198 . ISBN- 13: 978-0-495-50363-7.
4. Media Violence3, www.media-awareness.ca/english/corporate/media/index.cfm.
Week 3: Cultural Imperialism of News and Cultural Products Flow/ Commercialization of
the News Media
Objectives
The lecture explains how news organizations have being commercialized as well as cultural
imperialism of news and cultural products flow.
Description
First Hour
Cultural Imperialism of news and cultural products flow and theoretical explanation.
Second Hour
Commercialization of the News Media and theoretical explanation.
4
Study Questions
1. What do you understand by the term cultural imperialism?
2. What are some of the disadvantages of cultural imperialism?
3. Cultural and media imperialism are synonymous. Discuss.
4. Explain the concept of contra flow of information.
5. List some cultural products you know?
6. What is news commercialization?
7. What are the levels at which news commercialization operate?
8. Why is news commercialization a critical issue in the media?
9. What are some of the negative effects of media commercialization?
10. Define commercialization?
Reading List
1. Baran4, S.J. (2006). Introduction to Mass Communication. Media Literacy and Culture
( 6th ed). New York, United States of America: McGraw Hills Companies Inc,
p 444 . ISBN: 978-0-07-016913-5.
2. McQuail4, D. (2005). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. (5th ed) London, United
Kingdom: Sage Publications Limited, pp 254-255, 124-126.
ISBN -10 1-4129-0371-8.
3. Okpoko4, J. (2009). Understanding International Communication. Zaria, Nigeria:
Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, pp 105-115. ISBN: 978-125-237-5.
4. Cultural imperialism3, www.wikipedia.org/wiki/cultural imperialism
Week 4: Competition and Concentration of Media Ownership/ Media Celebrity and
Influence on Women’s Identity and Body Shape.
Objectives
The lecture will explain competition and concentration of media ownership as well as media
celebrity and influence on women’s identity and body shape.
Description
First Hour
Competition and concentration of media ownership and theoretical explanation.
Second Hour
Media celebrity and influence on women’s identity and body shape.
Study Questions.
1. What is media consolidation?
2. What are the dysfunctional effects of concentration?
3. What are the causes of concentration?
4. Distinguish between horizontal and vertical concentration of media ownership?
5. Enumerate the forms of media ownership?
6. Media concentration can be observed within an organization in three levels. Discuss.
7. Why is media celebrity and its influence on women identity and body shape an issue in
the mass media.
5
8. Who are celebrities?
9. List the types of celebrities you know?
10. Relate the social learning theory to the issue of media celebrity and its influence on
women’s identity and body shape.
Reading List
1. Concentration of media ownership3,
www.wikipedia.org/concentration of media ownership.
2. McQuail4, D. (2005). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. (5th ed) London, United
Kingdom: Sage Publications Limited, pp 226-233, 124-126.
ISBN -10 1-4129-0371-8.
3. Taylor4, P.A & Harris, J.L. (2008). Critical Theories of Mass Media :Then and Now.
England:
McGraw Hill Open University Press. Pp.133-154
ISBN:13:9780 335218110(PB)9780 335218127 (HB)/10:03335
218113 (pb) 0335218121 (hb).
4. The Religion called Celebrity3,www.ygoy.com/index/php/category.
Week 5: Individual and International Media Dependency/ Objectivity, Credibility and
other ethical concerns in the Media
Objectives
The lecture will explore individual and international media dependency and examine some
aspect of journalistic ethics.
Description
First Hour
Individual and international media dependency and theoretical explanation.
Second Hour
Objectivity , credibility and other ethical concerns in the media with theoretical explanation.
Study Questions
1. Define ethics?
2. Do you agree with the statement ‘objectivity in the media is impossible’? Give detailed
reasons for your answer.
3. Define media dependency?
4. Differentiate between individual and international media dependency?
5. What are the reflections of international media dependency?
6. Explain the basic tenets of media systems dependency theory.
7. Relate the theory above to the concept of individual media dependency.
8. Establish a relationship between uses and gratification theory and individual media
dependency.
9. Argue for or against the assertion ‘International media dependency is detrimental to
Nigeria’s development’.
Reading List
6
1. Anaeto4 S.G, Onabajo O.S, & Osifeso J.B. (2008). Models and Theories of
Communication. Maryland , United State of America: African Renaissance Books
Incorporated, pp 151-153, p 176. ISBN 978-0-9801626-1-5.
4
2. Baran , J.S. & Davis, D.K. (2009). Mass Communication Theory; Foundations, Ferment
and
Future. ( 5th ed). Boston, United States of America: Wardsworth Cengage
Learning, pp 273-275. ISBN- 13: 978-0-495-50363-7.
3. Individual and International Media Dependency3,
www.wikipedia.org/media systems dependency.
4. McQuail4, D. (2005). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. (5th ed) London, United
Kingdom: Sage Publications Limited, pp 252-253. ISBN -10 1-4129-0371-8.
5. Media ethics3, www.wikipedia.org/media ethics.
6. Merrill4, J.C. (2008). “Two Important Needs for the Continuing New World Information
Order (NWIO) Dialogue” in Akinfeleye , R.A. (Ed) Contemporary Issues in
Mass Media for Development and National Security. Lagos: Malthouse Press
Limited. pp. 179-185. ISBN 978 978 023 257 5.
Week 6: Representation of Social Groups in the Media/Digitalization of Production of
Media Messages.
Objectives
The lecture seeks to make students understand the process of digitalization in the production of
media messages as well as how social groups are represented in the media.
Description
First Hour
Representation of social groups in the media and theoretical explanation.
Second Hour
Digitalization of production of media messages and theoretical explanation.
Study Questions
1. Explain the term ‘Social group’?
2. List the types of social groups we have in Nigeria.
3. Predict the probable outcome of frequent exposure to limited representation of social
groups using the following theories:
- Symbolic Interactionism.
- Cultivation Analysis.
- Social Construction of Reality.
4. What is digitalization as defined by McQuail?
5. What is your understanding of digitalization of media messages?
6. Argue for or against the representation of women in the media?
7. Why is digitization of media messages a critical issue in the media?
8. Define the term digital?
9. What is the difference between analogue and digital?
10. List and explain the four digitization process?
11. What are the benefits of digitization?
12. Differentiate between digitization and digital?
7
13. What do you understand by the word ‘quantitizing’ in the context of digitalization?
14. Define coding?
15. Explain the concept of digitization of media messaging using the mediamorphosis
theory?
Reading List
1. Anaeto4 S.G, Onabajo O.S, & Osifeso J.B. (2008). Models and Theories of
Communication. Maryland, United State of Ameriaca: African Renaissance
Books Incorporated, pp 191. ISBN 978-0-9801626-1-5.
2. Baran4, S.J. (2006). Introduction to Mass Communication. Media Literacy and Culture.
( 6th ed).
New York, United States of America: McGraw Hills Companies
Inc, p 246 . ISBN: 978-0-07-016913-5.
3. Baran4, J.S. & Davis, D.K. (2009). Mass Communication Theory; Foundations, Ferment
and Future. ( 5th ed). Boston, United States of America: Wardsworth Cengage
Learning , pp 382-387 . ISBN- 13: 978-0-495-50363-7.
4. Digitizing3 ,www.wikipidia.or/digitizing.
5. Eastman4, T.S. & Ferguson, A.D. (2009). Media Programming: Strategies and Practices.
(8th ed). Boston, United States of America, pp 252 .ISBN 0-495-50307-X.
4
6. Zettl , H. (2006). Television Production Handbook. (9th ed). Belmont, United States of
America: Thompson Wardsworth, pp 26-35.I SBN 0-534-64727-8.
Week 7: Global Media Governance/ Political Economy of the media (ownership and
control or influence on media output).
Objectives
The lecture will enumerate the bodies responsible for regulating international communication
and in addition explore the capitalist ideology of political economy of the media with particular
reference to its effect on ownership control and media output.
Description
First Hour
Global media governance and theoretical explanation.
Second Hour
Political economy of the media (ownership and control or influence on media output) and
theoretical explanation.
Study Questions
1. Why is global media governance important?
2. State the bodies that play a key role in the emerging system of global media governance.
3. What is political economy?
4. What is the relationship between the political economic theory and the mass media?
5. How can political economy theory be used to explain the critical issue of the media’s
ownership and control.
6. Explain how the ideology of political economy influence media output.
7. State the strengths and weaknesses of the political economy theory.
8. What are the functions of ITU?
8
Reading List
1. Baran4, J.S. & Davis, D.K. (2009). Mass Communication Theory; Foundations, Ferment
and Future. ( 5th ed). Boston, United States of America: Wardsworth Cengage
Learning, pp 212-215. ISBN- 13: 978-0-495-50363-7.
2. Bitner 4, J.R. (1989). Mass Communication: An Introduction.(5th ed). New Jersey, United
States of America: Prentice- Hall International, pp 339-352.
ISBN: 0-13-559071-X.
3. McQuail4, D. (2005). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. (5th ed) London, United
Kingdom: Sage Publications Limited, pp 268-271. ISBN -10 1-4129-0371-8.
4. Okpoko4, J. (2009). Understanding International Communication. Zaria, Nigeria:
Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, pp 20-25. ISBN: 978-125-237-5.
5. Political Economy3, www.wikipedia.org/political economy.
Week 8: Mediation in the Media and Construction of Reality/ Spinning in Political
Communication and the Crisis of Civic Communication.
Objectives
This lecture will identify mediation in media messages and the construction of reality as well as
explore spinning in political communication and the crisis of civic communication.
Description
First Hour
Mediation in the media and construction of reality.
Second Hour
Spinning in political communication and the crisis of civic communication.
Study Questions
1. Who are spin doctors?
2. Explain the term construction of reality.
3. Explain in details what you know about spinning in political communication.
4. How does agenda setting theorize the concept of spinning in political communication?
5. Why is mediation in the media and construction of reality a critical issue in the mass
media?
Reading List
1. Gurevitch4, M. & Blumer , J.G. “Rethinking the study of Political Communication” in
James, C. & Gurevitch , M. (eds) . (2005) Mass Media and Society. (4th ed).
London, United Kingdom: Hoddder Education, pp 104 -122.
ISBN 978 0 340 88499 7.
2. Rodman4, G. (2010). Mass Media in a Changing World. (3rd ed). New York. McGraw
Hills Companies Inc, p 357. ISBN:978-0-07-017273-9.
3. McQuail4, D. (2005). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. (5th ed) London, United
Kingdom: Sage Publications Limited, p 512. ISBN -10 1-4129-0371-8.
4. Social Construction of Reality3,www.age-of-the-sage.org
9
5. Social Construction of Reality3, www.wikipedia.org/social construction of reality.
6. Watson4, J. (2003). Media Communication: An introduction to Theory and Process.
(2nd ed) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp 189-190. ISBN 1-4039-0149.
Week 9: Social and Economic Impact of Advertising / Media Professionalism.
Objectives
The lecture will identify the economic and social impact of advertising as well as explore
journalism as a profession and as an art.
Description
First Hour
Social and economic impact of advertising and theoretical explanation.
Second Hour
Media Professionalism.
Study Questions
1. Define the term ‘professionalism’ in the media context.
2. State the general criteria for professionalism?
3. Argue for or against the assertion ‘Journalism is a profession’.
4. Define advertising.
5. What are the economic and social impacts of advertising?
6. Use the social marketing theory to explain the impact of advertising on audiences.
7. What is the relationship between the diffusion of innovation theory and the social impact
of advertising?
Reading List
1. Baran4, J.S. & Davis, D.K. (2009). Mass Communication Theory; Foundations, Ferment
and
Future. ( 5th ed). Boston, United States of America: Wardsworth Cengage
Learning ,pp 258-261. ISBN- 13: 978-0-495-50363-7.
2. Effect of Advertising on society3, www.wowessays.com.
3. Professional3, www.wikipedia.org/professional.
4. Professionalism3, www.tomorrowsEgde.net.
5. Rodman4, G. (2010). Mass Media in a Changing World. (3rd ed). New York. McGraw
Hills Companies Inc, p 368. ISBN:978-0-07-017273-9.
4
6. Sambe , J.A. (2005). Introduction to Mass Communication Practice in Nigeria. Ibadan,
Nigeria: Spectrum Books Limited pp 245-247. ISBN: 978-978-029-500-4.
Week 10: Concerns about how the Media Reports Terrorism/ Cultural Text and its
Meanings.
Objectives
The lecture seeks to discuss the spate of terrorism globally and its extension to Nigeria and also
identify cultural text and its meaning.
Description
First Hour
10
Concerns about how the media reports terrorism.
Second Hour
Cultural text and its meanings.
Study Questions
1. Do you think media contributes to the increase in the spate of terrorism the world over?
Give reasons for your answer.
2.
Define the term ‘terrorism’?
3. Citing relevant examples, what are the two ways the word ‘text’ been used in cultural
studies?
4. Define cultural text?
5. Why is cultural text a critical issue in the mass media?
6. Polysemy is a necessary feature of a truly popular media culture. Discuss.
Reading List
1. Anaeto4 S.G, Onabajo O.S, & Osifeso J.B. (2008). Models and Theories of
Communication. Maryland , United State of America: African Renaissance Books
Incorporated, p 138. ISBN 978-0-9801626-1-5.
4
2. Baran , J.S. & Davis, D.K. (2009). Mass Communication Theory; Foundations, Ferment
and Future. ( 5th ed). Boston, United States of America: Wardsworth Cengage
Learning ,pp 300-308. ISBN- 13: 978-0-495-50363-7.
3. Cultural Studies3, www.wikipedi.org/cultural studies.
4. Terrorism3, www.privacyinternational.org/issues/terrorism/speaking of terror.pdf.
5. terrorims3, www.megaessays.com.
6. Watson4, J. (2003). Media Communication: An introduction to Theory and Process
(2nd ed) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp 32-53. ISBN 1-4039-0149.
Week 11: Critical Perspectives on Audiences / Effects of media on Audiences.
Objectives
This lecture seeks to explore the power of the media over its audiences and discuss the critical
perspectives on audiences.
Description
First Hour
Critical perspectives on audiences.
Second Hour
Effects of media on audiences and theoretical explanation.
Study Questions
1. Why are critical perspectives on audiences a critical issue in the mass media?
2. Give an analysis of the critical perspectives on audience based on the uses and
gratification theory.
3. Define rating in the context of critical perspectives on audience.
11
4. ‘Supporters of effects theory contend that commercials, advertising and voter campaigns
prove that media influence behavior’. Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for
your answer.
5. Differentiate between audience demographics and psychographics?
6. How does the agenda setting theory explain the effect of media on audience?
7. Is the magic bullet theory still relevant in contemporary discourse on the effect of media
on audience? Give reasons for your answer.
8. Is the issue of media effect on audiences’ a myth or reality? Discuss.
9. Describe four passive audience theories that explain the effect of media on audience.
10. List two active audience theories that explain how media affect audience.
11. Explain one communication technology theory that shows how media affects audience.
Reading List
1. Baran4, J.S. (2006). Introduction to Mass Communication. Media Literacy and Culture
( 6th ed).New York, United States of America: McGraw Hills Companies Inc,
pp 278-280 . ISBN: 978-0-07-016913-5.
2. Baran4, J.S. & Davis, D.K. (2009). Mass Communication Theory; Foundations, Ferment
and Future. (5th ed). Boston, United States of America: Wardsworth Cengage
Learning, p 355. ISBN- 13: 978-0-495-50363-7.
4
3. Bitner , J.R. (1989). Mass Communication: An Introduction.(5th ed). New Jersey, United
States of America: Prentice- Hall International, pp 371-388.
ISBN: 0-13-559071-X.
4. McQuail4, D. (2005). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. (5th ed) London, United
Kingdom: Sage Publications Limited, pp 395-418, pp 400-401.
ISBN-10 1-4129-0371-8.
5. Sambe4, J.A. (2005). Introduction to Mass Communication Practice in Nigeria. Ibadan,
Nigeria: Spectrum Books Limited pp 203-205.ISBN: 978-978-029-500-4.
Week 12: Propaganda and War / Issues in Public Relations Practice.
Objectives
Description
First Hour
Propaganda and war.
Second Hour
Issues in public relations practice.
Study Questions
1. The mass media are essential to successful war propaganda. Discuss.
2. Explain the critical issue of propaganda and war using Harold Laswell’s propaganda
theory.
3. Define propaganda according to Jouet and O’Donnell?
4. What is the relationship between propaganda and war?
5. Propaganda is neither positive nor negative but could be used for positive or negative
purposes. Discuss.
12
6.
7.
8.
9.
Define public relations according to the World Assembly of Public Relations?
How is public relations practice an issue in the mass media?
How is public relations affected by the digital age?
List and explain some of the tactics used in modern public relations practice which has
caught the eye of critics.
10. What mass media theory can be used to explain the issue of negative public relations
practice?
Reading List.
1. Adegoke4, L.A. (2001). Introduction to Public Relations: Principle, Media and
Methods. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Homelab Multiventure Book Publishing
Unit, pp139-141. ISBN: 978-31484-2-7.
4
2. Baran , J.S. (2006). Introduction to Mass Communication. Media Literacy and Culture
( 6th ed). New York, United States of America: McGraw Hills Companies Inc,
pp 300-322. ISBN: 978-0-07-016913-5.
3. Baran4, J.S. & Davis, D.K. (2009). Mass Communication Theory; Foundations, Ferment
and
Future. (5th ed). Boston, United States of America: Wardsworth Cengage
Learning, pp 72-92. ISBN- 13: 978-0-495-50363-7.
4. Dominick4, J.R. (2009). The Dynamics of Mass Communication. Media in the Digital
Age.(10th ed). New York, United States of America. McGraw –Hill Higher
Education, pp 316-333. ISBN: 978-0-07-128787-6.
4
5. Jefkins , F. & Yadin, D. (1998). Public Relations. (5th ed).Essex, United Kingdom:
Pearson Professional Limited, pp 203-22-, 6-18. ISBN-10:0-273-63432-1.
6. Rodman4, G. (2010). Mass Media in a Changing World. (3rd ed). New York. McGraw
Hills Companies Inc, pp 357-360. ISBN:978-0-07-017273-9
7. McQuail4, D. (2005). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. (5th ed) London, United
Kingdom: Sage Publications Limited, pp 529-530. ISBN -10 1-4129-0371-8.
8. Sambe4 , J.A. (2005). Introduction to Mass Communication Practice in Nigeria. Ibadan,
Nigeria:
Spectrum Books Limited pp 239-243, 357-360, 239-344.
ISBN: 978-978-029-500-4.
Week 13: Power, class and media / Seminar Presentation.
Objectives
The lecture will examine power, class and how they are portrayed in the media. It will also carry
out seminar presentation.
Description
First Hour
Media portrayal of people from different classes and power in the society.
Second Hour
Seminar Presentation.
Study Questions
1. Define power?
2. What is a class?
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3. Why is power, class and media a critical issue in the mass media?
4. List the three layers of class in western societies.
5. Explain the three layers of class in the western context.
Reading List
1. Class3,www.wiki.org/class.
2. Power3, www.wiki.org/power.
Week 14: Seminar Presentation.
Objectives
To observe seminar presentation by each students.
Description
First Hour
Seminar Presentation.
Second Hour
Seminar Presentation.
Week 15: Revision.
Objectives
This class will review all the issues discussed form week 1 to 14, explanations will be made and
questions entertained.
Description
First Hour
Revision.
Second Hour
Revision.
Revision Questions
1. What is the relevance of cultural/media imperialism to the understanding of contemporary
international/global communication?
2. Global media governance is indispensible in international communication. Discuss.
3. Violence in the media is the cause of real life violence and aggression. Discuss this
proposition citing relevant research theories and illustrations.
4. ‘Journalism is not a profession’. State and explain relevant points to argue for or against this
assertion.
5. What is news commercialization?
6. Explain the two levels at which commercialization operates in the media.
7. Illustrate the effect it has on news production and public interest.
8. What are the Influence of ownership on media output.
9. Critique on the impact of advertising on the Nigerian society.
10. Discuss the homogeneity of cultural product flow in contemporary international
communication.
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11. What do understand by ‘comodification’ of news in the media industry?
12. What is the Influence of ownership on editorial independence of news media?
13. What are the social and psychological effects of advertising on children?
14. What are the problems of objectivity in journalism?
15. What are the effects of television messages on Nigerian audience?
16. Is Journalism a profession or an art?
17. What are the social and economic impacts of advertising?
18. What is the impact of reality shows on audiences?
19. What is the implication of the official secret act to press freedom in Nigeria?
20. What are the effects of media messages on audience?
21. Explain how the post NWICO experience has affected the International flow of
communication?
22. What is the influence of media violence on youths?
23. Is the Deregulation of Nigerian broadcast industry: a blessing or a curse?
24. What are the gains and challenges of privatization of broadcasting in Nigeria?
25. What are the effects of advertising on children?
26. What is the impact of reality shows on audiences?
27. What is your view on the representation of women in the media?
28. What is the relevance of cultural imperialism to the understanding of the contemporary
international communication?
29. What are the impact of advertising on competition and consumer?
30. What are the implications of the commercialization of the Nigerian press?
Reading List
1. Adegoke4, L.A. (2001). Introduction to Public Relations: Principles, Media and
Methods. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Homelab Multiventure Book Publishing
Unit, pp139-141. ISBN: 978-31484-2-7.
2. Anaeto4 S.G, Onabajo O.S, & Osifeso J.B. (2008). Models and Theories of
Communication. Maryland, United State of America: African Renaissance Books
Incorporated, pp 102-107. ISBN 978-0-9801626-1-5
4
3. Baran , J.S. (2006). Introduction to Mass Communication. Media Literacy and Culture
(6th ed).New York, United States of America: McGraw Hills Companies Inc,
pp 377-384. ISBN: 978-0-07-016913-5.
4. Baran4, J.S. & Davis, D.K. (2009). Mass Communication Theory; Foundations, Ferment
and Future. ( 5th ed). Boston, United States of America: Wardsworth Cengage
Learning, pp 180-198. ISBN- 13: 978-0-495-50363-7.
5. Bitner 4, J.R. (1989). Mass Communication: An Introduction (5th ed). New Jersey, United
States of America: Prentice- Hall International, pp 339-352.
ISBN: 0-13-559071-X.
3
6. Class ,www.wiki.org/class.
7. Critical 3,www.wikipedia.org/critical.
8. Concentration of media ownership3,
www.wikipedia.org/concentration of media ownership.
9. Cultural imperialism3, www.wikipedia.org/wiki/cultural imperialism.
10. Cultural Studies3, www.wikipedi.org/cultural studies.
11. Digitizing3 ,www.wikipidia.or/digitizing.
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12. Dominick4, J.R. (2009). The Dynamics of Mass Communication. Media in the Digital
Age.(10th ed). New York, United States of America. McGraw –Hill Higher
Education, pp 316-333. ISBN:978-0-07-128787-6.
13. Eastman4, T.S. & Ferguson, A.D. (2009). Media Programming: Strategies and Practices.
(8th ed). Boston, United States of America, pp 252 .ISBN 0-495-50307-X.
14. Effects of Advertising on society3, www.wowessays.com.
15. Gurevitch4, M. & Blumer , J.G. “Rethinking the study of Political Communication” in
James, C. & Gurevitch , M. (eds) . (2005) Mass Media and Society. (4th ed).
London, United Kingdom: Hoddder Education, pp 104 -122.
ISBN 978 0 340 88499 7.
16. Individual and International Media Dependency3,
www.wikipedia.org/media systems dependency.
3
17. Issues , www.wikipedia.org/issues.
18. Jefkins4, F. & Yadin, D. (1998). Public Relations. (5th ed).Essex, United Kingdom:
Pearson Professional Limited, pp 203-22-, 6-18. ISBN-10:0-273-63432-1.
19. Mass media3, www.wikipedia.org/mass media.
20. McQuail4, D. (2005). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. (5th ed) London, United
Kingdom: Sage Publications Limited, pp 254-255, 124-126.
ISBN -10 1-4129-0371-8.
21. Media ethics3, www.wikipedia.org/media ethics.
22. Media Violence3, www.media-awareness.ca/english/corporate/media/index.cfm.
23. Merrill4, J.C. (2008). “Two Important Needs for the Continuing New World Information
Order
(NWIO) Dialogue” in Akinfeleye , R.A. (Ed) Contemporary
Issues in Mass Media for
Development and National Security. Lagos :
Malthouse Press Limited. pp. 179-185.
ISBN 978 978 023 257 5.
24. Okpoko4, J. (2009). Understanding International Communication. Zaria, Nigeria:
Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, pp 105-115. ISBN: 978-125-237-5.
25. Oxford4, Advanced Learners Dictionary (7th ed). (2005). New York. United States of
America: Oxford University Press.ISBN-13:978-0-19-4316613.
26. Political Economy3, www.wikipedia.org/political economy.
27. Professional3, www.wikipedia.org/professional.
28. Professionalism3,www.tomorrowsEgde.net.
29. Power3, www.wiki.org/power.
30. Rodman4, G. (2010). Mass Media in a Changing World. (3rd ed). New York. McGraw
Hills Companies Inc, p 357. ISBN:978-0-07-017273-9.
31. Sambe4 , J.A. (2005). Introduction to Mass Communication Practice in Nigeria. Ibadan,
Nigeria: Spectrum Books Limited pp 245-247 .ISBN: 978-978-029-500-4.
32. Social Construction of Reality3,www.age-of-the-sage.org
33. Social Construction of Reality3, www.wikipedia.org/social construction of reality.
34. Taylor4, P.A & Harris, J.L. (2008). Critical Theories of Mass Media :Then and Now.
England:
McGraw Hill Open University Press. Pp.133-154
ISBN:13:9780 335218110(PB)9780 335218127 (HB)/10:03335
218113 (pb) 0335218121 (hb).
35. Terrorism3, www.privacyinternational.org/issues/terrorism/speaking of terror.pdf.
36. terrorims3, www.megaessays.com.
37. The Religion called Celebrity3,www.ygoy.com/index/php/category.
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38. Watson4, J. (2003). Media Communication: An introduction to Theory and Process.
(2nd ed) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp 189-190. ISBN 1-4039-0149.
4
39. Zettl , H. (2006). Television Production Handbook. (9th ed). Belmont, United States of
America: Thompson Wardsworth, pp 26-35.I SBN 0-534-64727-8.
Key
12345-
Available in the University Library.
Available in Local Bookshops.
Available on the Web.
Personal Collections.
Departmental Library.
17