King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
College of Computer Science & Engineering
Information & Computer Science Department
ICS201
Lecture 11 : Gentle Introduction
to Computer Graphics
Based on:
David Brogan’s “Introduction to Computer Graphics” Course Slides, University of Virginia
Jack van Wijk’s “Computer Graphics” Course Slides, University of Eindhoven.
Outline
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Graphics Applications
What is Computer Graphics
Representations in Graphics
Supporting Disciplines
Graphics Applications
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Entertainment: Cinema
A Bug’s Life (Pixar)
Pixar: Monster’s Inc.
Graphics Applications
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Medical Visualization
The Visible Human Project
MIT: Image-Guided Surgery Project
Graphics Applications
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Scientific Visualization
Graphics Applications
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Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Graphics Applications
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Training
Designing Effective Step-By-Step Assembly Instructions (Maneesh Agrawala et. al)
Graphics Applications
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Games
GT Racer 3
Polyphony Digital: Gran Turismo 3, A Spec
Graphics Applications
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Games
Circus Atari (Atari)
Graphics Applications
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The major application that we will be dealing with
extensively in the next coming lectures is that of
developing graphical user interfaces
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Windows
Menus
Buttons
Textboxes
...
What is Computer Graphics?
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Computer graphics: generating 2D images of a 3D world
represented in a computer.
Main tasks:
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modeling: (shape) creating and representing the geometry of
objects in the 3D world
rendering: (light, perspective) generating 2D images of the
objects
animation: (movement) describing how objects change in time
Representations in graphics
Vector Graphics
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Image is represented by continuous geometric
objects: lines, curves, etc.
Raster Graphics
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Image is represented as a rectangular grid of
colored pixels
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PIXEL = PIcture ELement
Raster graphics
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Generic
Image processing techniques
Geometric Transformation: loss of information
Relatively high processing time
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in terms of the number of pixels
Realistic images, textures, ...
Examples: Paint, PhotoShop, ...
Sample Image Processing Techniques
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Edge Detection
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Image Denoising
Vector graphics
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Graphics objects: geometry + color
Relatively low processing time
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in terms of the number of graphic objects
Geometric transformation possible without loss of
information (zoom, rotate, …)
Examples: PowerPoint, CorelDraw, SVG, ...
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="12cm" height="4cm" viewBox="0 0 1200 400"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
<desc>Example polygon01 - star and hexagon</desc>
<!-- Show outline of canvas using 'rect' element -->
<rect x="1" y="1" width="1198" height="398"
fill="none" stroke="blue" stroke-width="2" />
<polygon fill="red" stroke="blue" stroke-width="10"
points="350,75 379,161 469,161 397,215
423,301 350,250 277,301 303,215
231,161 321,161" />
<polygon fill="lime" stroke="blue" stroke-width="10"
points="850,75 958,137.5 958,262.5
850,325 742,262.6 742,137.5" />
</svg>
In Summary
Image Analysis
Math. Model
(pattern recognition)
Image
Image Synthesis
(Rendering)
Modeling
Image processing
Supporting Disciplines
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Computer science (algorithms, data structures,
software engineering, …)
Mathematics (geometry, numerical, …)
Physics (Optics, mechanics, …)
Psychology (Colour, perception)
Art and design
The end