DOWN SYNDROME: A COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOK FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES Rachelle Renee-Dutra Shockley

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DOWN SYNDROME: A COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOK FOR CHILDREN AND
FAMILIES
Rachelle Renee-Dutra Shockley
B. A, California State University, Sacramento, 2005
PROJECT
Submitted in partial satisfaction of
the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF ARTS
in
EDUCATION
(Special Education)
at
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, SACRAMENTO
SPRING
2010
DOWN SYNDROME: A COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOK FOR CHILDREN AND
FAMILIES
A Project
by
Rachelle Renee-Dutra Shockley
Approved by:
__________________________________, Committee Chair
David Raske, Ed.D.
____________________________
Date
ii
Student: Rachelle Renee-Dutra Shockley
I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University
format manual, and that this project is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to
be awarded for the Project.
_______________________________, Graduate Coordinator
Guy E. Deaner, Ph.D., C.R.C.
Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation,
School Psychology, and Deaf Studies
iii
________________
Date
Abstract
of
DOWN SYNDROME: A COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOK FOR PARENTS AND
FAMILIES
by
Rachelle Renee-Dutra Shockley
Statement of Problem
Although federal and state laws mandate individuals with disabilities and their
families receive services, there is no set policies and procedures in place to ensure true
accountability. Therefore, many individuals with disabilities find themselves receiving
services much later than they are eligible and many families, especially those who do not
speak English, do not have access to information that helps them to be productive
members of their child’s educational plans.
Sources of Data
A review of literature was conducted to determine what the law says, how states
have adopted Child Find and its subsequent impact, as well as the reflective experiences
of families who either have a child with Down Syndrome or do not speak English.
Results indicate families, in general, do not believe they are provided with enough
information about their child’s disability and program when it is most critical at the
infant/toddler level. Families who do not speak English are often not provided with
interpreters and translators to help them be a meaningful participant in their child’s
iv
educational plans and Child Find systems that have been well established in other states
appear to be relatively successful although there is virtually no studies conducted about
the hospital to home efforts, particularly in California
Conclusions Reached
There are many issues that individuals with disabilities and their families face
today in the twenty-first century. Two such issues have arisen that continue to be a
challenge for new families. One issue includes the process mandated by the Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 known as Child Find: Search and Serve at the
infant/toddler level. The other issue is in regards to the parental rights and safeguards,
particularly for those parents that come from non-English speaking backgrounds who
often do not know their rights or understand them. This project serves to assist more
families in receiving early intervention services in California by creating a handbook for
parents of children with Down Syndrome in English, Spanish and Russian.
_______________________, Committee Chair
David Raske, Ed.D.
_______________________
Date
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The first person I would like to acknowledge is my daughter, Carlianne. She has
taught me much about life and without her I would not have passion for differences. They
say that parents are supposed to teach their children, but I find that Carlianne teaches me.
It is because of her that I have decided to write this book.
The second person I would like to acknowledge is my husband, Gary Shockley.
He has spent many hours encouraging me to follow my dreams and supporting my
successes: allowing me to put much time into this project.
Third, I must acknowledge my parents, Robert and Paula Dutra. Although it has
been a difficult and rough road, they have equally provided as much support and
encouragement for me to follow my dreams and succeed in meeting many of my life
goals. More importantly, they have made many personal sacrifices to support us in
raising Carlianne, often providing after school care and much involvement in therapy
appointments and extra-curricular activities that support Carlianne’s interests and
developmental experiences.
I would also like to take the time to acknowledge our pediatrician, First Steps
Infant Program in Yolo County, and especially my daughter’s infant development teacher
and the head coordinator, who has taken me under her wing to help support and train me
as a professional. For the sake of respecting their privacy I have not used names, but they
know who they are.
Equally important, I would like to take the time to recognize Olga Dutra, a
Russian translator, and Clarissa LaGuardia, a Spanish translator, who took time out of
vi
their lives to help get this handbook translated into Russian and Spanish. Without their
hard work the information provided in this handbook would not be available to families
who speak Spanish and Russian.
And finally, last but not least, I must acknowledge my Master’s advisor, Dr.
David Raske, who believed in the importance of my project and helped to support my
efforts in developing this handbook to serve other families of children who have Down
Syndrome. Without these main individuals, this project would not have been possible.
vii
DEDICATION
I would like to dedicate this handbook to my daughter, Carlianne. May others have the
opportunity to experience those things in life that you have taught me. This world would
truly be a better place if we all had Down Syndrome.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... vi
Dedication .................................................................................................................. viii
Chapter
1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1
Background of the Problem ........................................................................ 2
Statement of the Problem ............................................................................ 3
Purpose of the Study ................................................................................... 4
Definition of Terms..................................................................................... 5
Justification ................................................................................................. 6
Limitations .................................................................................................. 6
Organization of the Remainder of the Project ............................................ 7
2
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE .................................................................. 9
Background ................................................................................................. 9
The Rule ...................................................................................................... 9
Qualitative Study: Effects of Early Intervention ...................................... 13
Quantitative Study: Effectiveness of Child Find ...................................... 18
Study of Policies and Procedures used in Child Find Efforts ................... 23
Qualitative Study: Perspectives of Receiving Services for Latino Parents25
Summary ................................................................................................... 31
ix
3
METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................... 34
Project Description.................................................................................... 34
4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS ........................ 36
Summary ................................................................................................... 36
Conclusions ............................................................................................... 37
Recommendations ..................................................................................... 39
Appendix A. Down Syndrome: A Comprehensive Handbook for Parents and
Families ................................................................................................ 41
Bibliography ............................................................................................................. 207
x
1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
For decades, or even centuries, individuals with disabilities have been persecuted
against and even murdered for not fitting into society’s concept of perfection that, in
actuality, does not exist. Unfortunately, the genocidal movement still exists today, in the
twenty-first century. The only difference is people murder an individual with disabilities
legally through abortions, or as in Terri Shiavo’s case, with the law behind their side.
Those that are born have become a burden to most of society; their imperfections fuel this
mythical idea of perfection and concerns for quality of life among society and expectant
parents. Parents who chose the role of loving and caring for an individual with disabilities
have found themselves fighting for what is right for their children: in home, in school,
and in the community. Thus, federal law has been created (only 40 years ago) to protect
individuals with disabilities from being rejected at school through a bribery mission of
giving states funds for adopting the law.
Today, in the twenty-first century, there are many States who have found
tolerance in practicing the law as long as they receive funds. Some states find themselves
becoming more accepting of individuals with disabilities while others find themselves
tolerating individuals with disabilities almost the same as before. People who are directly
influenced by the law, administrators, teachers, students, and parents have found the law
to be very detailed, yet practiced and interpreted in an imperfect way. Consequently,
2
there are several issues about special education services and the law which have fueled
many debates and much civil litigation.
Background of the Problem
One such issue that is finding its way to be an increasingly huge problem,
particularly in California, is the rise in diversity and the lack of translated materials,
translators, and interpreters to inform parents. The United States embraces itself for
welcoming diversity, but it still requires that families learn and speak English fluently,
something that is often very difficult and extremely time consuming. Many families of
children with special needs find themselves not having access to information about their
child’s disability, services that should be provided, their rights, and the law that protects
their children: in home, in school, and in the community. Moreover, they cannot wait
until they are fluent in English for their child to begin services due to the proven positive
effects of early intervention and laws surrounding child find, search and serve.
Early intervention is the process by which individuals with disabilities and their
families receive programs, supports, and intensive therapy so that the anticipated amount
of services later in life are greatly minimized by hopefully influencing individuals with
disabilities to become independent enough to take care of many of their own needs; thus,
relieving the state of many financial responsibilities for funding programs for individuals
later in life. Unfortunately, however, even though this has been a problem for several
years, there are still not enough interpreters, translators, and materials available to
families who speak languages other than English to inform them about programs such as
3
this. Thus, many children fall short of receiving timely services and parents are unable to
ensure that their child is receiving all services that are available in the community.
Statement of the Problem
Equally problematic and often very much overlooked are the issues surrounding
child find: search and serve at the infant and toddler level. The law mandates that all
efforts be made to identify individuals with disabilities by “actively and systematically
seeking” (California Department of Education [CDE], 2009, p. 4) them out. Once
identified, they must be located, assessed, and provided appropriate services, but there
appears to be much variation in practice from county to county and the law does not
specify what “actively” and “systematically seeking out” is nor does it specify any
procedure for identification. Putting the issue of multi-lingualism aside, many parents in
general find themselves receiving information about their child’s disability, services that
should be provided, their rights, and the law that protects them much later than research
recommends individuals begin intervention. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that
many individuals with disabilities are denied access to services on grounds that many
parents and individuals with disabilities, including those who do not speak English, lack
being informed on top of the loose procedures that have been set in place for the very
professionals that they have come to trust. Moreover, an equally growing concern for the
state of California, for example, lies in the fact that the state is in current economic crisis
where public services and education have suffered from record breaking budget cuts.
Although the spirit of the law intends that individuals with disabilities receive those
4
services, the fact that there is no definition of “actively” and “systematically seeking out”
leaves much room for interpretation and lax practice, particularly when it comes to the
infant and toddler level when schools are often not yet involved.
Purpose of the Study
In an attempt to help bridge the gap between what parents are able to know, what
professionals are obligated to provide, and what the state of California attempts to do in
regards to Child Find: Search and Serve, the purpose of this project is to create a
handbook for parents in English, Spanish, and, Russian while providing information
about one of the most common genetic disabilities, such as Down Syndrome, which is a
chromosomal defect often occurring among pregnant women not only over 35 years old,
but also most commonly between the ages of 19 and 21, occurring one in 733 births
(National Down Syndrome Society, 2010). With more information parents can be
informed about Down Syndrome, hoping to minimize the numbers of babies being
legally aborted by having more accurate knowledge, while at the same time providing
parents an opportunity at or before birth about their child’s rights and the services that
California is obligated by law to provide. With more infants receiving early intervention
at such a young and critical age, many more individuals with Down Syndrome will have
the potential for more growth in brain development which ultimately leads to more
opportunities in life.
5
Definition of Terms
Child Find Search and Serve: A component of the federal mandate that says states
who adopt the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act must put forth a reasonable
effort to find individuals with disabilities so that they may receive supports and services.
It requires that individuals be found at all developmental stages from birth to 21.
Early Intervention: Part of the federal mandate that individuals with disabilities
who qualify receive educational services in their natural environment from birth to three
years old. This aspect of the law focuses on providing services not only to the child, but
the entire family if needed and appropriate. Moreover, the services must be provided
within the child’s natural environment which is most typically in the home or somewhere
in the community.
Free and Appropriate Education: Refers to individuals receiving an education as
is their natural born right within the school setting. Students receiving this education are
not necessarily in the best educational environment, but the environment must be
adequately meeting the students’ needs.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): A federal law adopted by the
State of California to provide educational opportunities to individuals who have
disabilities. This law mandates that individuals with disabilities are receiving a free and
appropriate education in the least restrictive environment and provides this right to
qualifying individuals from birth to 21 years old.
Least Restrictive Environment: The idea that individuals with disabilities will be
educated in an environment to the maximum extent possible with individuals who do not
6
have disabilities. Some students require more specialized educational programs while
other students can be appropriately served in general education classrooms with support.
This aspect of the law requires a spectrum of service options available so that an
individual can be placed appropriately.
Justification
Creating the handbook for parents and families of children with Down Syndrome
will help contribute to the Child Find: Search and Serve effort. It will place more
responsibility in the hands of the parents and relieve professionals from the sole
obligation of seeking individuals with disabilities. Parents who do not speak English will
have access to information explaining why it is important that they understand their rights
and be an active member in their child’s education. By doing this professionals will be
able to form better relationships with parents so that there will be more opportunities for
collaboration with professionals who need more information and strategies for supporting
their student/client appropriately.
Limitations
The limitations to this project include concerns with sample size and
generalization to other areas, even within California, since each county has potentially
different programs and services, as well as different servicing Regional Centers. The
sample size is limited to families who have children with Down syndrome, and only
accounts for a very small portion of children with special needs. However, the
7
information about the law and services in the area can also serve families of children with
differing disabilities.
Another limitation is in regards to the populations that it serves, which is only a
small fraction of the total population of individuals who reside within the county. There
will still be many families from different ethnic backgrounds who speak different
languages than those chosen for this project since it will only be translated in Spanish and
Russian, which indicates that many other social minority groups will lack access to this
information.
The third and final limitation is that it will only be translated in Spanish and
Russian, which indicates that many other social minority groups will lack access to this
information.
Organization of the Remainder of the Project
Chapter 1 of this project includes an introduction, background, and statement of
the problem. Following the introduction, background, and purpose statements are the
Purpose of the Study, Definition of Terms, Justification, Limitations, and Organization of
the Remainder of the Project. Chapter 2 comprises an extensive Review of Literature
which includes The Rule under which this project applies, followed by the subsequent
subtopics: Qualitative Study of the Effects of Early Intervention, Quantitative Study of
the Effectiveness of Child Find, Study of the Policies and Procedures used in Child Find
Efforts, Qualitative Study on the Perspectives of Receiving Services for Latino Parents,
and Concluding Thoughts. Chapter 3 provides a complete description of the methods
8
used in creating the project. Chapter 4 consists of the Conclusions, Summary, and
Recommendations which also discuss the limitations of the project and further
recommendations for future research in this area. The Appendix includes the project,
Down Syndrome: A Comprehensive Handbook for Parents and Families followed by a
list of references.
9
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Background
As part of the literature review, it is necessary to understand what the law states in
relation to parent participation and consent for services and programs, translated
materials, and the child find process. This will help readers to understand the impact of
parental involvement in the development of their child and to set the foundation for an
understanding of what the law requires the state of California to provide as well as why it
is imperative that parents understand their rights. In addition, reviews of literature on
early intervention and child find will also shed light on the importance of these issues.
The Rule
Federal law, P.L. 94-142, or the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of
2004, stated that families of individuals with disabilities must be fully informed before
any assessments can be completed, during the completion of an Individualized Family
Service Plan (IFSP) or an Individual Education Plan (IEP), and before any services are
implemented (1414(a)(1)(D)). Without informed consent, districts are in violation of not
providing families with enough information to advocate for what they feel is best for their
child. In addition, children must be assessed using an assessment tool that is not
culturally biased (1414(b)(3)(A)(ii) and parents must be part of the team in determining
what needs to be done in order for the child to succeed in school (IDEA Act, 2004,
10
1414(d)(1)(B)). Parents must be given a copy of the procedural safeguards, or parental
rights, and all information must be translated, if possible and necessary, unless the
safeguards have been written in the parent’s native language (1415) (d)(2)).
Procedural safeguards in the natural language should relate to the following:
independent educational evaluation, prior written notice, parental consent, access to
educational records, the opportunity to present and resolve complaints, as well as the
availability of mediation, the child’s placement while due process proceedings are
pending, procedures for students who are subject to placement in an interim alternative
educational setting, requirements for unilateral placement by parents of children in
private schools at public expense, due process hearings, including requirements for
disclosure of evaluation results and recommendations, state-level appeals, civil actions,
including the time period in which to file such actions, and attorney’s fees (Turnbull,
Hueuta & Stowe, 2006, p. 76). In other words, in order for a parent to be an informed
participant in an individual family service plan or an individual education plan for their
child, he or she, or both, must be fully aware of their rights and it must be translated for
them in order for their consent to be considered fully informed. Unfortunately, however,
most districts only translate parent rights in Spanish.
In regards to Child Find: search and serve, the federal law, or Individuals with the
Disabilities Education Act of 2004, stated the following:
A local education agency shall actively and systematically seek out all individuals
with exceptional needs, from birth to 21 years of age, inclusive, including
children not enrolled in public school programs that reside in a school district or
11
are under the jurisdiction of a special education local plan area or a county office
of education (Disabilities Act, 2004).
The law continues to specify that all children with disabilities “In need of special
education and related services, shall be identified, located, assessed, and a practical
method is developed and implemented” (Disabilities Act, 2004). In addition, the law
specifies that a child find process must be completed in a similar timeline as the
Individualized Education Plan and that each special education local plan are shall write
up their policies and or procedures for “A continuous child find system that addresses the
relationships among identification, screening, referral, assessment, planning,
implementation, review, and the triennial assessment” (Disabilities Act, 2004).
Although special education local plan areas have been given a directive on what
to address in their plan, each local plan area has the ability to decipher how they wish to
do so. In any case, the law continues to provide specific identification procedures, but the
procedures appear to be much easier to follow at the school level than at the infancy level
where special education local plan areas must be connected to hospital staff personnel in
order to reasonably seek out individuals born with disabilities. Taking these two aspects
of the law into consideration, it is imperative that parents of individuals with disabilities
understand their rights to make sure that they receive accurate information and in their
home language.
In reading A Composite of Laws, from the California Department of Education
(2009), it is clear that there are volumes of state codes that district personnel must make
sure they are in compliance with. The codes refer to parental consent, parental
12
involvement, parental awareness, procedural safeguards that protect parents, and
requirements surrounding parents having to participate in the IEP/IFSP process to ensure
that their child is receiving an appropriate education with appropriate services. The codes
also speak about non-English speaking families and how every effort must be made to
ensure families have a translator/interpreter who will fully explain to them all of the
things they need to know to make the best and most informed decisions for their child.
Moreover, state code recommended that IFSPs and IEPs be translated when and if
necessary so that parents may understand the legally binding document and that their
questions may be answered as best as possible. It also required that families receive
information about their rights in their native language. Otherwise, the procedural
safeguards should be translated and fully explained to parents so that their participation is
meaningful. According to Turnbull et al. (2006), “The uninvolved or uninformed parent
causes the student to pay the price of the parents’ inaction or ignorance” (p. 36).
Unfortunately, for parents who do not speak English this is an increasing concern, which
is why all attempts must be made to ensure families are fully informed of the law and
their rights.
According to McGoldrick, Giordano and Pearce (1996), there has been a dramatic
increase in the number of immigrants who come to America over the last 100 years.
Because of this increase, White Americans are not expected to be the majority of the
population by the end of the next decade. As the country wants to preserve the English
language, the diversity of America threatens the ability for everyone to speak English.
Many cultural groups want to continue practicing their heritage and want to preserve their
13
language. In addition, McGoldrick et al. (1996) pointed out the different practices of each
ethnic group, which can very well effect how families are able to receive services and
information in a world that is predominantly English. For example, many other cultures
besides the typical “White, Anglo Saxon” do not believe in questioning professionals.
Nor do they believe in receiving services or labeling their children. This can be a huge
problem in regards to children with special needs who need services, such as early
intervention and special education and related services, all of which are offered in
America so that individuals with disabilities may function at the maximum extent
possible.
Qualitative Study: Effects of Early Intervention
In a qualitative study to determine the effects of early intervention on children
with Down Syndrome and their families, Hanson (2003), who was also their early
intervention program director, and an unbiased assistant, interviewed twelve out of the 15
children and families who were part of the first “wave” of individuals who received early
intervention services.
The subjects for the study were individuals who received early intervention
services as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, or P.L. 94-142 also
known as Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 2004), was created to offer
school based services and programs to individuals with disabilities. The children and
families who participated in the study received early intervention nearly 25 years ago
from 1974 through 1976. All individuals received early intervention between four weeks
14
and six months of age, with an average mean of 14 weeks, and all children except for two
were diagnosed with trisomy 21; two of them were diagnosed with a more rare form of
Down Syndrome called Mosaic Down Syndrome, which is a form of the condition where
individuals have less characteristics and health concerns. Eight of the children were girls
and seven were boys; only seven of them had other siblings. Five of these individuals had
heart problems, but only four of them were able to receive corrective surgery. For the one
child who did not receive corrective surgery he continued to have health problems,
including a stroke that greatly impacted his ability to develop milestones. For the study, it
was discovered that one of these twelve individuals died of leukemia in preschool while
the other two children had relocated to an unknown state. All individuals resided in
suburban, urban, and rural areas. All individuals were from Caucasian families and all but
one child resided with their biological families; only two families had mothers from
Germany who did not speak English. The average age for the mothers was 27, with a
range from 21 to 41, and the average age for fathers was 28 years old, with a range of 23
to 37, at the time their child was born. All of the parents were high school graduates
while five mothers and seven fathers earned college degrees and one father had an MBA.
Out of the twelve mothers, ten were homemakers and two worked in clerical positions
while all of the fathers were laborers or worked in other professional position. At the time
the families received early intervention, only one family divorced while this number grew
to half of the families by the time the follow up study 25 years later took place. All
parents and children were interviewed for approximately two hours using open ended
questions that were transcribed and coded twice. Questions centered around educational
15
placements, sibling and social relationships, supports, challenges, housing, employment
opportunities, typical daily routines, general family experiences, parental hopes and
dreams for their child, and individual likes as well as defining what Down Syndrome
meant to them. Once the interviews were coded, the most common themes were
identified and placed into four categories, which were: parent perceptions and
experiences, supports and services for families, children’s educational placements, and
children’s lives in adulthood.
In regards to parent perceptions and experiences, Hanson (2003) reported most
families indicated that their experiences raising a child with Down Syndrome was
relatively pleasant and something they considered a blessing. The parents reported that
their child with Down Syndrome reflected “… positive attitudes, winning and pleasant
personalities, and …sense of humor” (Hanson, 2003, p. 359). Often changing the
attitudes and expectations of those people around them, in general, they were less
difficult to raise than their other children who did not have Down Syndrome. Some of the
common struggles were the loss of control, having to put much time, effort, and financial
resources into ensuring a good quality of life, being “teased and ostracized” by others,
limited social networks to mainly family and religious groups in the community, inability
to attain many milestones and independence as an adult, and wishing for a relief of some
responsibilities later in life. Most parental hopes and dreams focused on wanting their
child to be happy and have a good quality of life. As far as the supports and services that
were available, almost all parents expressed the importance of advocacy and how they
would have pushed for more programs and services if they would have known early on
16
what they knew now. The most important program and support they received was the
support they received from the early intervention program where they were taught how to
teach their children and about many strategies that would help their children be
successful in school, such as the methods of structured teaching. Although most parents
were not fond of participating in support groups nearly all of them reported of the
importance of having relationships with other families who had a common experience.
When it came to educational placements, almost all children began preschool programs in
a segregated classroom, but were able to experience inclusion and mainstreaming options
as they entered kindergarten and elementary grades. As the children aged, i.e. in junior
high and high school, most of them returned to more segregated programs with some
mainstreaming opportunities. Once these children graduated, however, parents reported
dissatisfaction with programs and services: many reporting no support at all while others
reported there were programs but they had to be sought out independently. Out of the
twelve individuals with Down Syndrome, nine of them were:
… employed at least part time, were able to take public transportation
independently, and were able to perform many of the activities of adult living
independently such as cooking, cleaning, paying bills, and so forth. Six of these
individuals were living in independent or semi-independent living situations in
either apartments or homes. (Hanson, 2003, p. 362)
One child did not have a job, but was in the process of seeking independent living
opportunities with training for more independent living skills. Another was placed in
foster care because her parents no longer could provide support to their daughter. As a
17
result, she struggled with behavior, had limited speech, and resides in a “sheltered care
situation”. The last child was limited by his healthcare needs, suffering from a stroke and
unable to continue growing and developing as the other children. All of them were able to
read, aware of their disability, participated in sports and other extracurricular activities,
while also desiring marital relationships and children.
Overall, this cohort of individuals with Down Syndrome had a relatively
successful start to life and parents reported several positive experiences as well as
stressed the importance of participation in early intervention support programs and
advocacy, particularly since the level of support decreases as the child gets older until
there is virtually no support in adulthood. Unfortunately, however, this article does not
reflect opinions and experiences of the programs being offered today, which are often
lacking the financial support that was originally offered when the laws were created.
Moreover, the study focused on individuals from only one program and only used
individuals that were Caucasian or English in descent. The population of individuals used
in this study is not necessarily representative of the current population of individuals who
have Down Syndrome today, particularly in California where the current population
greatly consists of many minority cultures whose families speak languages other than
English. Setting this aside, however, the study does conclude that parents found an
overall dissatisfaction with programs and services and conclude that they wish they had
more information and resources early on in their child’s life to ensure more
accountability and better decision making.
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Quantitative Study: Effectiveness of Child Find
In a quantitative study to determine the effectiveness of Child Find, search and
serve, in Florida, Delgado and Scott (2006) identified potential biases in the referral rates
for preschool children who are at risk for disabilities. In their study they collected
information from birth records and a statewide system called CHRIS, or Children’s
Registry and Information System, for 1994 and 1995 to determine, out of the population
of children born in those years, how many of them have been referred for special
education and related services in relation to the following factors: “…gestational age,
birthweight, maternal age, maternal education, maternal marital status, gender, race, and
ethnicity” (p. 30). CHRIS is a database project funded by the state of Florida, or
specifically Florida’s Department of Education, since 1990 to keep track of children who
were potentially eligible for the services listed in Part B of IDEA, which is an addition to
the original law so that infants, toddlers, and preschool aged children from birth to five
years old may receive early intervention services. According to the study, the database
contains information about “…referrals, screening, evaluation, and eligibility information
for preschool aged children…who have been referred to the Florida Diagnostic and
Learning Resource System (FDLRS)” (Delgado & Scott, 2006, p. 29). Apparently
information in regards to service coordination can also be entered into the database so
that the information is available to coordinators who work with each individual child
throughout the state to save time and resources. This system is Florida’s attempt to
comply with the federal mandates of Child Find: search and serve by tracking any and or
all preschool aged students who have or are at risk of disabilities. The hypothesis is that
19
there will be a higher proportion of students being referred for services who meet the
above criteria than those students who are in the general population. Delgado et al. (2006)
also hypothesized that there will be consistency in their findings with previous research
that states there is a significant discrepancy between White and non-White students being
referred for special education services, where more African American students are being
referred than White students and while Hispanic students are referred at similar rates to
White students. According to the study, previous research also indicated that many
children with developmental delays who were from cultural and linguistic backgrounds
were less apt to be detected for special education and related services at an early age
(Delgado et al., 2006).
To receive accurate information, the researcher integrated information from both
databases “…by using automated deterministic data linkage techniques” (p. 29) where a
child’s birth records were joined with the records from CHRIS if their full name and birth
date were a complete match. Any child who was not a match by full name and birth date
did not count as a child who was linked in the databases and therefore was not used in the
linked sample. Once this process was complete, all identifying information was removed
to maintain confidentiality. The sample included 375, 508 total children born in 1994 and
1995 in Florida who were referred for special education services between 2.6 and 4.11
years old. Of this number, 36, 698 children were also found in the CHRIS database, but
only 24,539 were able to be linked to birth records. All other children were either not
born in Florida before moving into the state and receiving services, or did not have
consistent data using their full name and birth date to link both systems. Therefore, the
20
sample included 24, 539 referred children and 350, 969 “not referred” children. For
consistent data during analysis, records with missing information on any of the factors
were discarded. A final sample included 24,366 referred children and 348,210 “not
referred” children. Finally, a percentage ratio was given for each subset of children from
the above factors relative to the reference group, which was White and nonHispanic/non-Haitian children because of their large population, using the “…logistic
regression to evaluate the association of each factor with referral status” (Delgado et al.,
2006, p. 30) and the Wald chi-square statistic. Any ratio of 1.0 was not considered
meaningful because the researchers could not be sure that the rate of referral was due to
the chosen factors.
Results of the study indicated that children who were premature, had very low or
low birthweight, and mothers who had education of less than or equal to twelve years had
higher odds of being referred for special education and related services and that the
mother’s age and marital status was not associated with referral rates. Moreover, boys
were 1.9 more likely to be referred for services than girls and that the odds for African
American children and Asian/Pacific Island children referred for services was much
lower than the odds for White children. Interestingly, however, Native American children
were much more likely to be referred for services than White children. In regards to
ethnicity, the study findings indicated that non-Hispanic/non-Haitian children were “[…]
1.4 times greater than the odds of referral for Hispanic children and 2.0 times greater than
those for Haitian children” (p. 31). The study concluded that Child Find efforts in Florida
appear to be effective in searching and finding children who are potential for having
21
disabilities, but that there is a “disproportionate” representation for referral when looking
at race and ethnicity even though they have been included in the identified risk factors.
They also concluded that biological and environmental risk factors, including
socioeconomic status of mothers, were greatly associated with higher rates of referral for
special education services.
In discussion, Delgado et al. (2006) suggested that more information is needed to
discover the reason why boys are at a higher referral rate than girls because they cannot
determine whether there is a gender bias or if the incidence is truly higher for boys than
girls. They also suggested that it would be in the state of Florida’s best interest to focus
more funds in prevention and intervention programs for mothers because of their
association with lower education and socioeconomic status, which may ultimately have
greater effects on babies born with low birthweight. Overall, Delgado et al. (2006)
discovered that Native American and Asian/Pacific Island children’s rate of referral was
consistent with previous research that Native Americans are overrepresented and
Asian/Pacific Islanders are underrepresented, but they did not see the overrepresentation
among African American children as also stated in previous research. Moreover, they
found that African American children had higher risks for disability, doubling the amount
of children born with low birthweight, and a higher percentage rate of mothers who had
twelve years or less of education than White children. In regards to ethnicity there was an
under-referral rate for special education services for children who were Hispanic or
Haitian. Possible reasons were due to “A lack of awareness regarding the availability of
services, differences in cultural attitudes regarding disabilities, and limited English
22
proficiency, which they state resulted in …limited access to materials…and a reduced
ability to communicate with medical, educational, and childcare personnel” (Delgado et
al., 2006, p. 33). Limitations included a less than accurate measure of the true link
between the factors and the rate of referral because of children who were not counted in
the study, as well as an inability to generalize findings to other states due to differences in
procedural policies and diversity. The researchers hoped that these findings will alert
professionals, parents, and policymakers to further improve the procedures used in
Florida to search, locate, and serve children who are at risk for developmental delays as
mandated by federal law.
Taking the study as a whole, the findings suggested that overall families who come from
different cultural and linguistic backgrounds struggle to get access to information that
ultimately results in their child being referred at an early age for early intervention
services. Although there is an attempt to determine the effectiveness of the Child Find
system in Florida, more research is needed to discover the discrepancies among these
same factors in regards to children who are at risk for developmental delays and or
disabilities in California. The researchers were correct in that their findings are limited to
only Florida because other states, such as California have differing minority groups and
do not have a statewide database that tracks children and their rate of referrals. Their
findings were also based on children born over a decade ago, when the nation was not
pressured by the current economic challenge to cut programs and services due to a
decrease in federal funding, not to mention the study does not include children younger
than 2.6 years old, which further limits the study to children once they are eligible for
23
district services and does not consider infants and toddlers who are eligible for services as
well. This study brought about many questions for children, who are infants and toddlers
actually being served while residing in California as well as the current practices and
procedures permitted by the federal government which have been recommended by the
local education agencies for approval by the California Department of Education. In all,
more research in regards to child find and its effectiveness in California is needed.
Study of Policies and Procedures Used in Child Find Efforts
Similarly, another study was conducted in Hawaii in regards to the policies and
procedures used in Child Find to determine referral rates and eligibility for children who
were from immigrant families’ versus native born Hawaiians. In the study, the following
factors were considered: socioeconomic status, which was often, determined using
insurance because of no ability to find income information, level of English proficiency,
military status, and homelessness. These factors were compared to the referral and
enrollment rates of three to five year old children with developmental delays in early
intervention programs and related services. Methods included access to 40-44 intake
records of individuals enrolled in each of the seven out of nine programs across the island
state in 1997, which was collected by a “statewide electronic management information
system database, or MIS” (Shapiro & Derrington, 2004, p. 199) and information collected
at first referral. Information was gathered by professionals working for the programs but
interview questions were pilot tested and created by the study’s researchers (Shapiro &
Derrington). Information gathered was then compared to Census reports of 2000 and
24
categorical comparisons were analyzed and transformed into statistics in the form of
frequencies, percentages, and totals using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences.
Once these figures were produced they were entered into GraphPad Instant Software,
2000, to calculate the chi square and determine the statistical significance of the numbers.
Unfortunately, however, overall results of the study were inconclusive in most areas due
to the limitations of the study in receiving accurate information where many educated
guesses and assumptions were made, particularly in regards to the number of homeless
individuals, the number of immigrants needing a translator and their proficiency levels,
and levels of income which were often based on type of insurance, etc. Moreover,
Shapiro et al. (2004) stated there are many threats to the validity and reliability of the
information because their sources of information were not systematically gathered by
nonbiased individuals. They concluded that more studies need to be done in regards to
child find for children receiving early intervention and that statewide databases, which
have only been adopted by few states such as “Florida, North Carolina, and Rhode
Island” (p. 210), need to be improved to provide more detailed demographic information
on individuals receiving services.
After reading this study it was clear that there was not enough information about
child find, in general, especially since each state adopted their own way of tracking
referrals and enrollments of children with disabilities into early intervention programs.
Because the study is unreliable, it does not offer any definitive information that child find
is or is not working. Taking the study done in Hawaii and the study done in Florida
together, the results of each study even if they were reliable do not generalize to
25
California because of several reasons which include not having adopted a statewide
database to track referrals and enrollments for early intervention programs. Moreover, the
California Department of Education allows each local plan agency to create a unique plan
for their policies and procedures in relation to child find: search and serve (as cited in
Wrightslaw Special Education Law and Advocacy, 2009). Setting this issue aside,
however, Florida did conclusively find that minority populations, particularly those that
do not speak English, are grossly underrepresented as has been well known for quite
some time. Although there is no clear cut answer as to why, one can only assume part of
the responsibility lies in accessing pertinent information for good decision making. In any
case, there are very few studies that offer any insight as to the possible discrepancies
found at the birth to three levels in regards to child find procedures, in general. However,
there are many studies that speak to the struggles of non-English speaking families in
regards to language barriers and children’s rights for early intervention services.
Qualitative Study: Perspectives of Receiving Services for Latino Parents
One qualitative study in North Carolina focused on the perspectives of parents
and professionals in regards to Latino children receiving early intervention services in
preschool and other early childhood programs in an attempt to address the issues
surrounding disproportionate representation of these students in special education. The
researchers Hardin, Mereoiu, Hung and Roach-Scott (2009), defined disproportion as
“[…] the inappropriate representation of students by race or ethnicity in special education
at either a greater or lesser rate than all special education students” (p. 94). In the study,
26
they evaluated the perspectives of administrators, general and special education teachers,
and Latino parents, all of which had children with special needs, regarding the referral,
evaluation, and program placement processes to identify common themes that contribute
to the challenges of non-English speaking families and students.
For their methods, Hardin et al. (2009) researched two consenting sites out of six
possible sites that could accurately represent urban or rural areas, had multiple types of
programs that supported children who had disabilities and were English language
learners, as well as, a minimum of five percent of the population needed to be Latino.
One site was located in an urban area and the other was located in a rural area. The urban
site consisted of “…59 inclusive pre-kindergartens, 11 Head Start centers, and more than
542 community child care programs. The rural site consisted of seven pre-kindergarten
classrooms, six Head Start Centers and 37 child care centers” (Hardin et al., 2009, p. 95).
Out of these two sites, a homogeneous sample of administrators, teachers, and parents
were selected for a total of six total focus groups (three focus groups from each site)
which further consisted of 15 administrators, eleven teachers, and five parents; six were
male and 25 were female. Seven participants were African American, eight were
Hispanic/Latino, and 17 were European Americans, all of which came from diverse
cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic groups. Each focus group attended an audio-taped
two hour training to go over the study, gain consent and demographic information for the
participants before collecting data. All field notes were documented using a laptop
computer. Focus groups were given pilot tests (by individuals in similar roles to check for
clarity and understanding) open ended question surveys in their home language to
27
complete which asked about participant’s beliefs in regards to educational services for
young children with and without disabilities, current processes used during referral,
evaluation, and placement processes, and suggestions for improvements for children who
are Latino based English language learners. All answers were translated into English,
transcribed, and coded for further analysis using the “constant comparative coding”
methods. All frequencies and percentages were documented in a spreadsheet and each
category was defined. The researchers agreed to each theme with 89% approval rating
and all issues were discussed and agreed upon during the final stage of analysis. Results
were placed in three categories: referral process, evaluation process, and placement
process.
In the referral process all participants agreed to that the most challenging
characteristics during referrals were attributed to language barriers, parent participation,
time constraints, and procedural issues. In regards to language barriers all participants
found a problem with the fact that most professionals are English speaking while most
parents were Spanish speaking and that there was a huge disparity with bilingual staff and
available trained translators who were familiar with educational terminology and
screening tools. Although parent participation is pertinent in all aspects of special
education, most parents do not understand their roles in providing professionals
information during parent interviews and those families who are of “illegal status” fear to
disagree with professionals or inquire help. Interestingly, administrators and teachers
both agreed that “Supplying parents with handbooks concerning their rights was not
enough” (Hardin et al., 2009, p. 97). There was much debate about the effectiveness of
28
the federal mandate on timelines. Some professionals felt 45 day timelines in preschool
was not enough time to thoroughly evaluate and determine a child’s accurate needs
because it does not provide enough time for a child to settle into their new classroom
environment. Because of this, some professionals choose when to place their referrals,
often waiting until after the holidays so that students have enough time to learn English
and more accurately demonstrate their skills. Other professionals were concerned about
this as they felt that 45 days is enough because the sooner children are discovered and
served, the better. Procedural issues involved concerns about untrained professionals and
cultural sensitivity in completing screening tools, lack of clear guidance on the federal
mandate for how to screen and make decisions for English language learners, and a gap
in screening processes with placing referrals while waiting for interpreters to gain active
consent for further assessment and evaluation. Unfortunately, it was found that although
nonverbal cues among English language learners can indicate a stage in acquisition of the
English language, an inability to imitate or respond to what they see results in immediate
referral. The last concern was in the area of coordination where agencies often do not
collaborate to ensure families receive appropriate public services.
When it came to the evaluation process, Hardin et al. (2009) found two equally
challenging themes between administrators, teachers, and parents arose such as parent
participation and a lack of understanding about the purpose and procedure of evaluations.
Similar to the referral process, because of the language barrier and cultural differences
parents are not sure what they should share to help professionals serve their children and
there is no consistent method for gathering information between schools. More
29
problematic is the time available for professionals to complete home visits and the lack of
available translators, where more often than not families have to attend meetings on their
own. Additionally, because professionals must conduct home visits during their contract
hours, many parents who are working are unable to provide the information necessary for
accurate background knowledge of the student; rather, professionals actively seek
information from day care providers who often do not know their child as well. Parents
that could attend meetings, and without an interpreter, stated they felt left out of the
process and many eventually stopped attending them. One parent stated, “Having forms
and evaluation results in Spanish was helpful because even though he knew some English
…it was easier to understand written information in Spanish” (Hardin et al., 2009, p. 99).
Unfortunately, however, Hardin et al. (2009) indicated that there were few materials
available to these families and that the parents expressed their confusion about the
procedures involved in the evaluation process.
For the placement process, Hardin et al. (2009) discovered the same reoccurring
themes: cultural and linguistic differences, lack of sufficient information for
understanding and interpreters. Additionally, however, Hardin et al. (2009) found that
parents were intimidated by the IEP (Individual Education Plan) process because they did
not understand the process without access to interpreters. Teachers and administrators
stated they were concerned that parents were not actively involved enough during IEP
meetings and that most of the information contained in the IEP was placed in the
document as a result of professional recommendations. One parent stated that she was
“worried if she was helping her child with disabilities effectively” (Hardin et al., 2009, p.
30
99). Teachers and administrators both felt that parents greatly needed more “family
friendly” information to be a more productive participant in the referral, evaluation, and
placement process and to make more informed decisions for their child. All participants
agreed that “facilitating transportation, providing child care support to allow parents to
attend meetings, and maintaining flexible meeting schedules” (Hardin et al., 2009, p.
101), were needed to improve parent participation and access to services.
In summary, Hardin et al. (2009) concluded that there were four overall gaps in
services for Latino families and children. The first gap was in the screening and
evaluation methods which perhaps contribute to the disproportion of Latino children
being referred for special education. The second gap indicates a need for better strategies
to facilitate more meaningful parent participation since the lack of involvement becomes
an issue with federal mandates for informed consent. The third gap identifies a lack of
professional development in regards to methods for screening and evaluating individuals
who are English language learners. The final and fourth gap implicates a greater need for
policies and procedures to be revised, including timelines, bilingual services, and funding
for more training and support for parents and professionals. As for the limitations to the
study, Hardin et al. (2009) believed their study to have a relatively small sample size,
especially for Latino parents, and recognize the need for more research to be done for all
diverse groups at more diverse sites and educational programs.
Generally speaking, although Hardin et al. (2009) conducted a study on only one
cultural group and on such a small population, the information provided by several
different administrators, teachers, and parents in two different sites appeared to have
31
consistent, corresponding opinions that shed light upon the current challenges in regards
to being compliant with federal mandates in serving individuals who speak Spanish and
have special needs. Additionally, although the study’s focus is only on populations and
practices in North Carolina, concerns about disproportionately serving individuals from
immigrant and non-English speaking families appears to be a common theme for most
states, including California. The study can relate to California in the sense that there are
no single set of policies and procedures for each district and local education plan to
follow to ensure appropriate referrals and service delivery. Moreover, if it is a general
consensus that a variety of administrators, teachers, and parents believe language barriers
and a lack of interpreters and translated materials contribute to less active participation in
the IEP process, however small the sample, then states must consider how compliant they
actually are when considering a parent’s consent as “active informed consent” mandated
by the state and federal law (IDEA, 2004). Thus, although the information was to serve as
a resource to improve programs in North Carolina, particularly for Latino families, other
states can consider the findings to better improve their own practices with families so that
they are more compliant with federal mandates and more states can begin to investigate
possible avenues to help bridge this gap between professionals and families.
Summary
Interestingly enough, on one hand, America has this law, P.L. 94-142 or the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 that requires parents to participate in
the development of their child’s IEP/IFSP, as well as gives them rights to ensure services
32
are working for their child. Yet, on the other hand, there are cultural groups that depend
on professionals for their information and do not believe in questioning their expertise.
Moreover, some cultures do not even believe in receiving public assistance or labeling
their child. All of this can have an effect on the amount of “informed consent” a parent
might have throughout the IEP/IFSP process. Thus, it is critical for information about
disabilities, services, and rights to be translated and interpreted for families so that they
may have a better understanding of what is available and why it is important, or even
what they can do for their child who is not receiving adequate services he or she needs.
In regards to child find: search and serve, one of the most unfortunate findings has
been in discovering that there is not much literature available about it, particularly in the
state of California. Literature available affirms what the law states is the federal and state
mandate for locating individuals with disabilities. However, there is not much research
that suggests whether or not it is effective or if it is successful. Generally, information
about child find in California has been found at the Wright’s Law (2010) website.
Interestingly, the site shared that the Office of Civil Rights at the Education Department
has accepted child find plans which include “Door to door surveys, brochure mailings,
public education programs, and other public meetings, physician referrals, contacts with
day care providers, and surveys of private school personnel” (www.wrightslaw.com,
2010). However, the only court cases that have brought about any concern in regards to
child find have been for children who have already been a member of the school system.
Is this because parents, including those who do not speak English, are still uninformed,
especially in regards to the legal timelines for when their child should have been
33
identified, located, assessed, and provided services or is this because by the time parents
have realized their child has been failed by the system to receive services at the earliest
possible moment that it is too late or have other problems in school districts taken
precedence?
According to studies from other states, access is a huge concern. Unfortunately,
without further interest or further research in regards to the current practices of California
in regards to non-English speaking families and child find, no one knows if the current
system of identifying and locating children as early in infancy as possible is truly
effective or in need of revision. What literature and research does say, however, is that
early intervention is imperative for individuals with disabilities and that the earlier
children receive therapy the better odds they will have to perform as an independent and
meaningful participant in their community. In fact, the entire basis for federal law to
mandate early intervention services to individuals with disabilities from birth to three
years old comes from the idea that the earlier children are exposed to therapy the less
expensive their needs may be or the less therapy they will need over an entire lifetime
(Reynolds, Temple, Ou, Robertson, Mersky, Topitzes & Niles, 2007). Thus, one can see
how critical it is for parents to be informed in general about their child's disability and
needs regardless of whether or not they were English speaking.
34
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
Project Description
In an attempt to improve the rate of infants and toddlers receiving early
intervention services, a handbook will be created to help support parents and families.
The topic of Down Syndrome was chosen as the focus population because it is one of the
most common occurring genetic disabilities and one of the most common causes of
mental retardation diagnosed in babies and young children. Since the diagnosis of Down
Syndrome most typically qualifies an infant or child for early intervention services at
birth, it is reasonable to assume that more information will help stimulate the early
intervention process for young babies and their families. This would allow parents to be
more proactive and aware of the condition, early intervention, and the policies and
procedures that federally mandate their right for early intervention, as well as where to go
to place referrals within Sacramento County.
Since the researcher has access to families and professionals within her county, it
was decided to investigate the top 15 languages in Sacramento County using California
Department of Education’s last Census Report of 1998 to determine the most prevalent
ethnic groups in the county. Census reports indicated that Spanish speaking individuals
account for the highest population of minorities in the county at 9,307. This is followed
by the Hmong population at 5, 724 then the Russian population of 2,457. Thus, besides
English the top three languages in the Sacramento region are Spanish, Hmong, and
35
Russian. In an attempt to provide information to non-English speaking families, the
researcher has decided to have the handbook translated in Spanish and Russian since
Hmong translators and interpreters are very difficult to find and not very common.
36
Chapter 4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The handbook, upon getting it potentially published, is an attempt to respond to
the growing need of parents wishing they had more information while their children were
infants as well as the growing need for parents who do not speak English to understand
their child’s disability and the services and supports that are available in the community.
Equally important, the purpose of the handbook is to relieve immigrant families of their
fears in relation to standing up for their children’s needs and rights by addressing
concerns related to understanding what early intervention is, as well as why it is
important for young children with Down Syndrome.
Most importantly, those families who do not speak English, the handbook will
explain a little more about the law and why it is important that they participate in the
referral, evaluation, and placement process for their child. Because of the cost of
resources during this critical time of economic crunch, where many programs and
services are facing devastating cut backs to unnecessary programs and personnel, as well
as, the lack of access to interpreters, the translated materials will hopefully empower
more families in Sacramento County. This is so that families who do not speak English
will not depend on an interpreter to explain the importance of early intervention, or even
what it is, including why collaboration and participation in their child’s educational
37
program and plan is important, as well as the law that supports this right and some of the
services that are readily available in the area.
Considering that some families are unable to read, it is easier find someone in
their family and friend support network that can read the materials to them without
having to find alternative and outside resources. In any case, although the success of
California’s practices in relation to Child Find: Search and Serve remains a mystery and
needing much more research, the handbook serves as a first step in attempting to ensure
families are supported as early as possible by allowing them to take the first step in
seeking services for their child. This gives them a proactive avenue to share the
responsibility of ensuring their child receives early intervention instead of depending on
and or waiting for professionals to have access to the information they need to get these
things started.
Conclusion
One of the great stepping stones of all times when it comes to children with
special needs is the laws that have been created within the last century to protect children
with special needs from being segregated from schools and society. Many great efforts
from parents and law makers have made it possible for children who have special needs
to perform at their maximum potential. However, even with this great effort, when it
comes to special education services and law, there are many issues that need to be
addressed, particularly the ones surrounding Child Find: Search and Serve and nonEnglish speaking families. The processes recommended by the law at the most critical
38
point in life is one that has been accepted very loosely and with little feedback in its
development. Because very little research has been done in the area of child find at the
infant and toddler level in California it is not clear why some individuals with disabilities
are found in the hospital while others are found much later: by months and sometimes
years. As each county is able to decide how they will identify, locate, assess infants the
lack of uniformity the law allows enables much room for individuals to fall through the
cracks before they even reach district level services. Being that the researcher is also
knowledgeable about the disconnect between the legal mandates of the law and practice
through experience, recommendations include reforming the regulations to make the law
more specific so that states, even in a budget crisis, have no freedom to overlook certain
individuals, particularly those who belong to non-English speaking families. On the
contrary, this handbook was created to serve families so that they can experience being
empowered to ensure these processes from their end without having to wait for the
system to do things the right way.
Furthermore, there seems to be a very wide gap in what the law says and how it
is practiced and accepted, moreso for California since they do not yet possess a uniform
child find process. Families are required to make informed decisions about their children
and be active participants in their child’s educational programming, but most find
themselves not understanding a great deal of the information that is shared.
Unfortunately also true is the fact that many families who come from other cultures do
not have resources available to them either due to their cultural beliefs or to the lack of
information that is shared between families and professionals. Translated materials,
39
translators, and interpreters are in great need as America continues to serve children with
special needs whose parents do not speak English. Not just understanding their rights,
but understanding the law will help families to understand their expected roles in
American education and will help to create a better checks and balances system that was
intended by federal law. Moreover, the attitude that families will or should ask questions
to know more about services and the IEP/IFSP process needs to be readjusted as the mind
cannot see what the brain does not know. In other words, if families do not understand
something exists they do not know how to ask what they do not already know. Thus, it is
the obligation of America to not only embrace this multi-cultural diversity, but to
acknowledge that non-English families would contribute to American society,
particularly when it comes to their child’s education, if they had the resources to do so.
In essence, the handbook serves as the best tool for Spanish and Russian families of
children with Down Syndrome to tackle this challenge.
Recommendations
Exclusively looking at California, there are many recommendations for further
efforts to ensure children with disabilities are being served appropriately. Since there are
virtually no research studies done in the state of California in regards to Child Find:
Search and Serve, even prior to the current state of economic turmoil, it is difficult to
conclude that any of the policies and procedures in practice are effective. Qualitative
studies could be done with families and professionals to determine levels of satisfaction
with the current programs and practices or quantitative studies can be done, like Florida’s
40
for example, to link information and determine the effectiveness of current practices in
early intervention. Looking at the nation as a whole, including California, it is in the very
best interest that families begin pursuing the federal government to mandate states to
further look into the quality and accountability of the Child Find system, particularly in
those states like California that have not adopted a database to track infants and toddlers
from birth to three years old. Moreover, those studies that have already been completed
need to expand in order to study younger populations like the infants and toddlers that are
all too often overlooked. It would be interesting to see whether or not professionals in
California are following through with the mandates of the federal law by truly actively
seeking out those individuals who need services regardless of the current budget crisis.
41
APPENDIX A
Down Syndrome: A Comprehensive Handbook for Parents and Families
42
Created By:
Rachelle Renee-Dutra Shockley
Master of Arts Degree in Special Education
California State University, Sacramento
Russian Translation by: Olga Dutra
Spanish Translation by: Clarissa LaGuardia
43
FORWARD
by
Rachelle Shockley
It was the Fall of 1999 when I began my college career at the University of
Sacramento, California. I was enrolled in the Liberal Studies program to become a
teacher. I had just graduated few months before from St. Francis High School in
Sacramento, California and was only 18 years old. I had dreams of teaching students, but
had no idea what I wanted to teach. My desire for holidays and summers off very much
influenced my decision to become a teacher. In the middle of my first semester I
discovered that I was also going to become a mother. Little did I know at the time that I
was going to become a mother of a child with Down Syndrome, a subject about which I
knew nothing.
Although the education I received at St. Francis was to prepare me for college and
pave my way for success, I was not prepared in the least, for the life I was about to lead
today nor was I prepared for the life possibilities of having a child with special needs.
Truth be told, very little if anything was ever discussed about children with special needs,
especially in sex education courses where we were supposed to learn about the realities of
becoming a parent at a potentially much younger age than we might have been ready.
Unfortunately because of this, the perception of most individuals, including myself, is
that children with special needs are only born of mothers 35 years old or older, which is
also most commonly taught and to my surprise, also proven to be very wrong.
44
All through my pregnancy I remained healthy, never having exposed myself to
any type of alcohol or drugs, as well as cigarettes/smoke and caffeine. I took prenatal
vitamins everyday and remained in optimal health. For exercise, I walked about 1.5 miles
to work and back home 5 days per week, with rides only on extremely late nights.
Ultrasounds indicated my baby was perfectly healthy and there were no concerns. I was
young and in good health. Furthermore, there was no history of disabilities or health
concerns in the family; therefore, there was no reason for the doctors to be concerned.
I was working at Raley’s Supermarket as a courtesy clerk at the time. At about six
months, I remember helping a family friend out to the car. That day, I told her
“Something is wrong with my baby”. She looked at me and asked, “What’s wrong? How
can you be sure? Are you okay”? I just looked at her and I said, “I’m fine, but
something’s wrong. I can feel it”! She asked me what the doctors have said about the
baby during my regular doctor’s visits. I told her they always assured me my baby was
doing great and was perfectly healthy. She reassured me that my baby would be fine and
told me to get some rest when I got home. About three weeks later I left work early to go
to the hospital for early contractions. One week later, my doctor wrote me out of work to
reduce my stress levels. Fortunately, I ended up carrying the baby to full term.
On July 25, 2000, I woke up in the morning certain I was going to have my baby
even though I had not started any contractions yet. The baby was due the day before. We
arrived at the hospital around noon. I was admitted for being dilated at 4 centimeters. My
labor actually started around 7:30 pm and due to good fortune the baby was born shortly
after at 8:30 pm. It was a beautiful and precious baby girl; we named her Carlianne. I do
45
not remember much of what happened after that because I was shaking so badly and
losing a lot of blood. The room was swarming with nurses and doctors. I thought it was
attributed to quality care and had no idea that this was not normal. Later in pictures I was
able to see that Carlianne needed some oxygen shortly after she was born. Once I was
okay, I was able to hold Carlianne for the first time. I made sure to count all her fingers
and toes, a common ritualistic measure of health among new parents. Little did I know I
would have much more to worry about than Carlianne not having a finger or a toe.
As soon as it was determined that both of us were going to be okay, we were
transferred to another private room for the night. As I looked at Carlianne, I remember
thinking that I had never seen something more precious in my life. I was in love with her
from the moment I saw her and I was proud. I made her a promise that night that I would
be the best mom: always protecting her from the evils of this world and not letting
anything bad happen to her. Ironically, that same night my husband asked me, “Doesn’t
she look different to you? Doesn’t she look like one of those kids? You know…those
Down’s people”? I replied, “Of course not! She’s perfect! She looks just like my brother
when he was born, crinkled ears and all”! His question really bothered me, especially the
insensitive words, “Down’s people” like they belonged to someone else other than
themselves. To me, Carlianne was a normal baby. She was my baby and she was perfect.
To everyone else, Carlianne was already noticed as different.
The next morning we were greeted very early by the pediatrician. He was our
family doctor. He had been my doctor when I was a little girl and he was my brother’s
doctor as well. When my brother was a little boy he had a knot in his intestines and
46
almost died. It was my pediatrician that saved him, having spent many hours trying to
figure out why my brother was so sick: not able to hold any food down, throwing up, and
not going to the bathroom. It had been a few days and my brother was at risk of his
organs shutting down within hours. That night, our pediatrician ran through the hospital,
running through the double doors pleading with my parents to trust him and sign consent
for emergency surgery that they did not have time to talk and he couldn’t take time to
explain: my brother was going to die and they had to place their trust in doctor without
knowing why or what was going to be done. My parents signed and my brother was
rolled into emergency surgery to correct the problem. I suppose they thought he was
going to die without surgery so letting him go without explanation, so my parents gave
my doctor a chance. Three weeks later the little girl off “Poltergeist” died of the same
thing. Since that day, our pediatrician was the only health professional we came to trust
and because of that, he was worthy of being chosen to care for Carlianne as well. Equally
ironic, the same reason I chose him was the reason Carlianne needed him: she was special
and needed special care that only a gifted professional could provide.
In any case, that morning he came into my room and asked me how I was doing.
I said that I was doing fine. He remarked how beautiful Carlianne was and then said,
“Well that’s great! As a matter of fact we think your daughter has Down Syndrome so
I’m going to order a chromosome analysis while she is in the hospital and I want to see
you back in one week. Do you have any questions”? Inside I was shocked with no
emotion, much like a stone. I told him no, but as soon as he left, I had hundreds of
questions. Even worse, there was no one staffed at the hospital to tell me what this meant
47
or what to do next. I could only do one thing: hold Carlianne tighter in fear of mortality
and love her even more. Three weeks later the doctor confirmed Carlianne had Trisomy
21, or Down Syndrome.
Needless to say, I had a lot of questions I had to find the answers to. About 6
months later I received a knock at my door. Some woman came to my house to take
information about my pregnancy and birth experience and to get information on
Carlianne. I was very cautious and extremely hesitant to share such personal information
with a stranger. My initial response was that I did not want their services. I had no idea
they were there to help Carlianne. I thought they were there to convince me that
Carlianne needed to be sent away like the children in institutions I had read about in my
school books. I was determined to raise Carlianne at home with nothing but love and no
matter what, I was going to raise her as if she was just another child.
On another visit two ladies showed up at my house. Someone called an infant
teacher and the other lady from a place called Alta. I had no idea that there was such a
thing as an infant teacher and I had no idea what the Alta worker was for. They tried
explaining their services, but I didn’t really understand what the importance of providing
home visits and other services were. To me, they were a waste of my time and a complete
invasion of my personal life. Moreover, I didn’t feel that anything in regards to Carlianne
was anyone’s business. I remember asking for a brochure to read more about the services
they provide. At the time, the infant teacher gave me a blank face and told me she didn’t
have a brochure. I was given some book about my rights and a binder with a bunch of
information I didn’t understand and couldn’t make sense of. They attempted to explain
48
their services again and I eventually signed a bunch of paperwork that again, I didn’t
understand. All I know is that I agreed to some services for people to come to my house
and provide Carlianne with therapy. I still did not exactly understand what it was for.
As some time went on, every other week was filled with some type of
appointments. I had a health nurse, a speech teacher, an occupational therapist, and an
infant teacher coming to my house. The infant teacher told me she too had a son with
special needs. From that moment I was relieved of much of my tension. I started asking
her questions and she was trying her best to answer them until I asked, “What will
Carlianne be able to do?” She looked at me and said, “I can’t really say because I do not
know”. Immediately I was filled with anger and thinking, “you people come to my house
telling me I need all these things every week and you cannot even tell me what Carlianne
will be able to do? Moreover, you do nothing different than I do. I play with Carlianne, I
talk to her, and I sing to her”. It didn’t make sense and I was furious although I didn’t
mention it at the time. Most importantly I kept thinking to myself, “Every doctor and
specialist I have talked to tells me the same damn thing. I don’t know. How come they
don’t know? They are doctors! They work with people like my daughter every day. Who
are they to tell me they don’t know?”
These questions have led me to take “extra” classes in college. I took just about
every child development course I could think of. I figured if the doctors and specialists
couldn’t answer my questions, I would find them somehow on my own. Almost every
class I took focused on typical development, to what many refer as “normal” child
development. Hardly anything was discussed about children with special needs. By the
49
time I got into my final class I was extremely angry. I asked the teacher when we were
supposed to learn about children like my daughter. She told me, “We focus on teaching
students the typical developmental milestones of children. You are in the wrong
department. You need to be in Special Education!” The first thing that came to my mind
was anger. I was already feeling the clear divide in my own community and in society. I
kept thinking, “Children with special needs aren’t human now? We don’t learn about
them as a result of taking human development courses? We always have to go
somewhere special for them and now even in my own education?” This is when I realized
the injustices I would face for the rest of Carlianne’s life and I was determined that I
would eventually do something to help change it, even if it is on a very small scale.
Today Carlianne is nearly ten years old. She is very smart and shows me aspects
of life I never would have taken the time to see without her. She has saved me in many
ways from being blind to many things, especially when it comes to recognizing people.
She is in a third grade general education class and has many friends with and without
disabilities. Her classmates include her in parties, laugh with her, and help her to learn.
Carlianne loves to ride horses and participates in horse shows and competitions, often
winning ribbons (see picture below). She loves to read, having learned how to read by the
end of first grade. She enjoys playing games on the computer and on Wii, especially
bowling. Carlianne enjoys watching television programs like American Idol,
Nickelodeon’s ICarly, and America’s Funniest Home Videos. She loves to laugh and
make jokes. Her favorite actor is Tom Hanks and her favorite movie is Toy Story. She
carries her Woody and Jessie doll with her almost everywhere she goes. Her favorite
50
foods are pizza, chicken, and fries; she also loves Grandma’s steak, broccoli, and salad.
To everyone who knows Carlianne, she is normal. I am very honored and privileged that
she is my daughter. Because of her and the influences of her early intervention team, a
term I will define later, I am now a special education specialist. Although my passion is
to teach infants and toddlers and to support families, I am at the present time a preschool
special education teacher. Obviously without Carlianne, my life would be very different.
The overall purpose of this handbook is to provide families with information
about Down Syndrome: what it is and what could be expected. It is also to help aid
families in accessing services in the community and to explain some of the processes that
I did not understand. Moreover, the largest goal is to spread awareness because all too
often children with Down Syndrome have been persecuted against, segregated, and even
terminated for a lack of accurate knowledge and fear of the unknown. I hope that by
providing accurate information about Down Syndrome parents will be relieved of some
of their fears and be able to make informed decisions regardless of their personal life
choices.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The first person I would like to acknowledge is my daughter, Carlianne. She has
taught me much about life and without her I would not have passion for differences.
They say that parents are supposed to teach their children, but I find that Carlianne
teaches me. It is because of her that I have decided to write this book.
The second person I would like to acknowledge is my husband, Gary Shockley.
He has spent many hours encouraging me to follow my dreams and supporting my
successes: allowing me to put much time into this project.
Third, I must acknowledge my parents, Robert and Paula Dutra. Although it has
been a difficult and rough road they have provided equally as much support and
encouragement for me to follow my dreams and succeed in meeting many of my life
goals. More importantly, they have made many personal sacrifices to support us in
raising Carlianne, often providing after school care and much involvement in therapy
appointments and extra-curricular activities that support Carlianne’s interest and
developmental experiences.
I would also like to take the time to acknowledge our pediatrician, First Steps
Infant Program in Yolo County, and especially my daughter’s infant development teacher
and the head coordinator, who has taken me under her wings to help support and train me
as a professional. For the sake of respecting their privacy I have not used names, but they
know who they are.
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Equally important, I would like to take the time to recognize Olga Dutra, a
Russian translator, and Clarissa Laguardia, a Spanish translator, who took time out of
their lives to help get this handbook translated into Russian and Spanish. Without their
hard work the information provided in this handbook would not be available to families
who speak Spanish and Russian.
And finally, last but not least, I must acknowledge my Master’s advisor, Dr.
David Raske, who believed in the importance of my project and helped to support my
efforts in developing this handbook to serve other families of children who have Down
Syndrome. Without these main individuals, this project would not have been possible.
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DEDICATION
I would like to dedicate this handbook to my daughter, Carlianne. May others have the
opportunity to experience those things in life that you have taught me. This world would
truly be a better place if we all had Down Syndrome.
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PART ONE
Answering Questions about Down Syndrome
What is Down Syndrome?
Down Syndrome is a genetic condition where a child is born with 47
chromosomes instead of the normal 46. When a sperm meets an egg, which we will call
cells, they divide. During that division a “normal” person gets 23 chromosomes from his
or her mother, which is naturally carried by the egg, and 23 from his or her father, which
is also carried by the sperm. With Down Syndrome, a person gets 23 chromosomes from
one parent and 24 from the other. In other words, the egg, or sperm, carries 23 when it
meets the sperm, or the egg, with 24. They used to say that this extra chromosome came
from the mother, but research has found that it could very well come from the father too.
There is still no way to find out either way.
Anyhow, when thinking about “normal” individuals, since each individual has
one chromosome from one parent and has one more of the same chromosome coming
from the other parent, we call that a pair. Down Syndrome happens when there are three
of the same chromosomes located at the 21st pair. This is why doctors will also call Down
Syndrome, “Trisomy 21,” which simply means 3 copies of 21.
55
How many types of Down Syndrome are there?
There are three different kinds of Down Syndrome. They are called Trisomy 21,
Translocation, and Mosaic Trisomy and are further explained below.
Trisomy 21 is the kind that happens most often. When the sperm and egg meets,
the cells divide. It is during this time that the extra chromosome becomes attached to the
embryo’s genes. The extra chromosome can attach to some of the genes or all of the
genes. How the extra chromosome attaches and affects other genes determines the
amount of needs a child with Down Syndrome will have. However, there is no way to
find out the extent of these needs until after the baby is born.
Translocation happens when part of the extra 21st chromosome breaks and
attaches to another part of a chromosome. This means that there is one 21st pair and one
broken 21st chromosome that will connect to another chromosome that is not at the 21st
pair.
With this type of Down Syndrome, because the extra 21st chromosome breaks
during cell division and attaches itself to part of another chromosome, the baby will
appear to have only 46 chromosomes, but when taking a closer look, one of the
chromosomes will actually have a longer leg because of the extra 21st chromosome
attachment. This causes Down Syndrome too, but does not happen as often as Trisomy
21.
Mosaic Trisomy is very rare and is usually only seen when taking a closer look at
the genes. When the sperm and egg meet and begin to divide some of the genes have 46
chromosomes and some of them have 47. Because of this, a child will have some
56
“normal” genes and some genes of a person with Down Syndrome. A person with Mosaic
Trisomy usually looks more like their parents and usually has significantly less needs,
resulting in a more “normal” life. Only a chromosome analysis can tell you which type of
Down Syndrome your baby might have. Also, a chromosome analysis can only be done
after the baby is born.
Why is Trisomy 21 called Down Syndrome?
In 1866 an English man named John Langdon Down wrote an essay about a group
of individuals who appeared to look alike. All of these individuals had Trisomy 21. In his
essay, John Langdon Down described several of the characteristics of Down Syndrome,
which will be discussed later in this section of the book. In 1866, people with Down
Syndrome were called mongoloids because many people thought they looked like
individuals from Mongolia. In 1960, the term mongoloid was dropped because it
offended many people, including those from Mongolia, so Trisomy 21 was renamed
Down Syndrome.
Did I cause my child to have Down Syndrome?
Absolutely not! There is no possible way that anyone can cause Down Syndrome
to happen. For some reason when cells divide sometimes they do not always divide the
same way. There really is no good explanation of why that is. When cells divide and
result in a third 21st chromosome it is called Down Syndrome. When cells divide with
57
extra chromosomes at a different pair, the child will be born with a different condition.
No one can stop it from happening: it just does!
How often does Down Syndrome happen?
Down Syndrome happens to people of all ages, races, and economic levels. In
other words, it happens to the richest of people and to the poorest of people the same. It
also happens in all different races and ethnic groups. Interestingly, Down Syndrome
happens more common than any other chromosome defect. Recent research says that
Down Syndrome happens 1 in every 733 babies born. This does not count for the number
of babies that have been aborted or miscarried. Major researchers who study Down
Syndrome say that if no babies were aborted then Down Syndrome would probably
happen more like 1 in every 500 to 600 babies born, if not more often than that. Today, in
2010, there are about 400,000 people with Down Syndrome in the United States alone.
According to the National Down Syndrome Society, approximately 5,000 babies are born
every year with Down Syndrome in the United States.
Researchers also say there are two peak age spans among pregnant women where
they see babies born with Down Syndrome the most. The first peak is between the ages
of 19 and 21. The second peak usually happens among pregnant women who are 35 years
old or older. Although women who are 35 years old or older are at a higher risk for
having a baby born with Down Syndrome, more babies are actually born to mothers who
are between the ages of 19 and 21 years old.
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How do I know if my baby has Down Syndrome?
Down Syndrome can only be confirmed through a chromosome analysis once the
baby is born. A chromosome analysis is when the doctor takes a sample of blood from
the baby to look at the baby’s genes. When taking a closer look at the genes, a doctor can
tell what type of Down Syndrome the baby has.
Today, in 2010, most doctors will complete a protein test on pregnant women to
find out whether or not the baby might have Down Syndrome when it is born. This is so
that the doctor is prepared when it is time for the baby to be born. Doctors will be better
prepared to determine if there are other possible health conditions so that they can act fast
after a baby is born, which we will discuss later in this handbook.
If the protein test comes back positive the doctor may order more tests like an
amniocentesis, which is a test where a needle is injected into the amniotic sac to get a
sample of the baby’s fluid. The fluid contains the baby’s urine, which will give the
doctors a good sample to look closer at the genes. This will also help the doctor to find
out whether or not the baby could have Down Syndrome.
Why do I need to know my baby might have Down Syndrome if doctors will not be
100% sure until after he or she is born?
It is important to know if your baby might have Down Syndrome for several
reasons. The first reason is because doctors need to be prepared for the possibility of any
extra care the baby might need after he or she is born. Because babies with Down
Syndrome are at a higher risk for developing other healthcare needs, the baby’s chance of
59
survival greatly improves when doctors are ready to give a baby with Down Syndrome
the extra attention he or she might need. Sometimes immediate surgery is needed to
repair things. For example, some babies might need heart surgery to help close holes in
the heart that never developed while the baby was growing inside his or her mother’s
stomach. Although this is common among babies with Down Syndrome it is also
common for children who do not have Down Syndrome. The only difference is that
babies with Down Syndrome have a higher risk rate.
Another reason why it is important to know about Down Syndrome is so that
parents have an opportunity to prepare for their baby. There is a growing amount of
literature available to help families learn about Down Syndrome. This will help families
be better prepared and will help families to get to know more about the services available
to help support the family. You might like to know that many services have been set in
place and mandated by the US government to protect families and children born with
Down Syndrome. Many services available for families of children with Down Syndrome
are free because state and federal funds have been automatically set aside to help provide
families with the support they need to help raise their child with Down Syndrome at
home.
Finally, when parents are informed that their baby might have Down Syndrome,
they are also given the option to make life choices. A family can choose to terminate the
pregnancy before they can no longer have this option or a family can choose to carry the
baby to full term to find out if the tests were accurate. Unfortunately, research has found
that although doctors make an attempt to help families screen for disabilities, there is also
60
a possibility that the test results are not true. For example, many parents are told their
baby will be born with Down Syndrome and when the baby is born they find out this is
not true. On the other hand, other parents are told their baby did not test positive for
Down Syndrome and when they have the baby, they find out the baby does have Down
Syndrome. Unfortunately, this happens very often. Parents are left with the difficult
choice of should they or should they not take this chance?
If Down Syndrome can only be confirmed through a blood test, then how come doctors
know by looking at my child that he or she has Down Syndrome when he or she is born?
Although it is true that Down Syndrome can only be proven with a blood sample,
there are many visual signs that a person with Down Syndrome has which give doctors an
idea to test for Down Syndrome shortly after birth. Following are some of the signs or
characteristics of Down Syndrome:
1. Flat feet and widely spaced toes
2. Possible low birth weight and length
3. Slanted eyes
4. A flat bridge to the nose giving the face a flatter appearance
5. A flat back to the head making the head and neck connect without a rounded
groove
6. A smaller mouth which makes the tongue look bigger in proportion
7. Low muscle tone (not the strength, but the tone of the muscles)
8. Straight line across the inside palm of the hand
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9. White speckles in the iris of the eye
10. An abnormal shape or crease in the ear
11. Small skin folds at the corners of each eye (Batshaw et al., 2007).
What are the other healthcare risks for my child?
This question is not very easy to answer because just as every “normal” child is
different, every child with Down Syndrome is different too. Research has identified many
healthcare risks for people with Down Syndrome. Some are born with none of them,
some are born with a couple of them, and others are born with many of them. Almost no
child with Down Syndrome will have them all. Although children with Down Syndrome
may have these risks, advances in medical technology, services, and therapies have been
able to minimize or even cure some of the healthcare needs. Some of the risks are as
follows:
Figure 1: Health Related Risks among Individuals with Down Syndrome. Taken from Children
with Disabilities. (6th Ed.) Batshaw, M.L., Pellegrino, L., Roizen, N.J. (2007).
Disorder
Congenital Heart Defects
Types:
Endocardial Cushion Defect
Ventricular Septal Defect 15
Atrial Septal Defect
Other
Ophthalmic Disorders
Types:
Refractice Errors
35
Strabismus
Nystagmus
Blepharitis
Tear Duct Obstruction
Cataracts
Ptosis
Hearing Loss
% Affected
44
20
4
5
60
27
20
9
6
5
5
66
62
Endocrine Abnormalities
50-90
Types:
Subclinical Hypothyroidism
25-40
Overt Hypothyroidism
4-30
Diabetes
.5-1
Growth Problems
50-90
Type:
Obesity
60
Short Stature
50-90
Orthopedic Abnormalities
16
Type:
Subclinical Atlantoaxial Subluxation 15
Symptomatic Atlantoaxial Subluxation 1
Dental Problems, Periodontal Disease, and
Malocclusion
60-100
Gastrointestinal Malformations
5
Celiac Disease
1-7
Epilepsy
6
Leukemia
.6-1
Skin Conditions
50
Alzheimer’s Disease after 40 years 21
NOTE: Original Source: American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Genetics (2001);
Cohen, for the Down Syndrome Medical Interest Group (1999).
After looking at this long list of risks, it is easy to be fearful that all of these
things could occur to your child. Statistics can be very scary if they are not read properly.
Do not scare yourself into thinking that because your child has Down Syndrome that you
must expect any or all of these risks. It is important to restate that some children are
luckier than others and have none of them, some children have some of them, and some
children have many of them, but no child has all of them. More important to consider is
that many of these disorders can be corrected or the effects can be minimal with our
advances in medical technology and with the help of therapists and other service
providers.
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As a matter of fact, according to the National Down Syndrome Society, it used to
be that individuals with Down Syndrome in 1910 did not live to see past 9 years old.
When antibiotics were invented, people with Down Syndrome began living until they
were 20 years old. Now, with advances in medical technology and services in 2010, most
live to at least 60 years old and even much older. Some individuals have been recorded to
reach into their 80s.
Now, you might be asking yourself, “How can I afford this care for my child if he
or she does have any of these conditions”? This question will be answered in part 3 of
this handbook. For now, it is important to discuss the risks of Atlantoaxial Subluxation
and Leukemia because although they do not happen very often, they are the two
healthcare risks that are most often screened for, the most often talked about, and the
most often feared.
What is Atlantoaxial Subluxation?
Atlantoaxial subluxation is when a joint of the spinal cord in the neck area is
dislocated or out of place. Children who have this problem are at risk for spinal cord
trauma so it is important that all children with Down Syndrome get an x-ray done to
determine whether or not they have it. If a child is found to have atlantoaxial subluxation,
they must stay away from activities that could cause trauma to the back of the neck. For
example, a child might not be able to go horseback riding, jump on trampolines, or play
tackle football. It is important to talk to the doctor about what activities the child should
64
stay away from. Please take a look at the figure below (Batshaw et al., 2007) of a picture
of a “normal” child’s neck compared to a child with Down Syndrome.
Figure 2: A picture representation of Atlantoaxial Subluxation. Taken from Children with Disabilities. (6th
Ed.) Batshaw, M.L., Pelligrino, L., Roizen, N.J. (2007). Original Source: American Academy of Pediatrics,
Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness 1995.
Why do I hear about the risk of Leukemia?
Every child regardless of whether or not they have Down Syndrome is at risk of
developing childhood leukemia. For some reason, even though this happens in an
extremely small amount of children with Down Syndrome, the risk is a little higher than
for children that do not have Down Syndrome. Leukemia only happens to about .6-1% of
the population. A woman is more likely to have breast cancer in her life than a child with
Down Syndrome is to have leukemia. However, it does happen among some individuals
and is something to be aware of.
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Now that I know what Down Syndrome is and what health related
risks to expect, why do doctors tell me they don’t know what my
child will be able to do?
There are two parts to this question. In answering the first part: unfortunately, this
is the most commonly asked question, but the question that is the hardest to answer. Most
doctors and specialists will tell you that they do not know because they really cannot
predict what your child will be able to do for several reasons. The first reason goes back
to the fact that every child with Down Syndrome is different just like children without
Down Syndrome is different. Doctors have been able to tell you what to expect with
children who do not have Down Syndrome because even though every child is different,
most of them have developed a similar pattern of development which can be plotted on a
graph into a similar line. This makes predicting what a child can do easier if a child does
not have any healthcare needs and or problems. Children with Down Syndrome,
however, do not have a set pattern for development so when each child’s skills are plotted
onto a graph, the dots are so scattered all over that no line or pattern can be traced.
One thing that has been found is that although doctors know that there will be
some form of mental retardation, which is now more commonly referred to as
developmentally delayed, most individuals with Down Syndrome have very mild to
moderate levels of delay, or mental retardation, and can do most things that other children
do. As you can see, because individuals with Down Syndrome develop so differently and
66
because there is no set pattern of development what a child can do is very difficult to
predict.
The second reason is in regards to the amount of health related risks a child with
Down Syndrome may have and how the risks might have an effect on their experiences.
For example, a child who has low muscle tone may struggle with learning how to jump. It
will take a lot of therapy and experiences to strengthen the stomach muscles so that the
child can be set up to jump. Not to say that the child will never jump, because most
children with Down Syndrome will learn how to do many things that other children do,
but it just takes a lot longer for them to learn it and a lot more hard work to do it.
A third reason is that one child with Down Syndrome might have access to all the
supports he or she needs to have the experiences that will enable him or her to do
something whereas another child might not. Services and supports differ from county to
county and from district to district. What one child receives may not be what another
child receives because of where they live. Moreover, one child might have siblings to
learn from where another child might be an only child. All of these things can impact
how a child with Down Syndrome might develop.
For the second part of answering this question, what can be said is that most
children with Down Syndrome will eventually be able to do many of the things “normal”
children can do, but they might need extra help to do it or more time to develop. Children
with Down Syndrome will develop a favorite food, toy, movie, book, game, and friend,
etc. Most children with Down Syndrome will be able to roll over, crawl, walk, run, jump,
climb, catch, and throw. What can be said is that most children with Down Syndrome
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will be able to feed themselves, dress themselves, go to the bathroom independently,
clean up, and eventually take care of themselves. As children with Down Syndrome
become adults, most are able to live on their own, have relationships, get married, have
children, and hold jobs. Some adults with Down Syndrome have careers in computers,
schools, stores, acting, etc. The possibilities for people with Down Syndrome get better
every year because of the services and supports they are able to receive early on in life.
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Now that I know what to expect, what do I do and where do I go?
This question is best answered beginning with the history of people with Down
Syndrome, which will be discussed in part two of this handbook.
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PART TWO
The Law that Protects You and Your Child
Some Background Information
There are over 3,000 disabilities that effect the development of human beings.
US Census (2005) reports that there are 54 million people with disabilities in America
today. Regardless of the disability, it is well known that individuals need more support to
be successfully included in our community and schools.
All throughout history individuals with disabilities have been ostracized from
society globally. Since the beginning of time individuals have been neglected of proper
nourishment, sent away, or murdered for being different. In medieval times individuals
were thought to have been possessed by demons and very often were hung, beheaded, or
burned at the stake. In other countries, it was legal for children and babies to be murdered
by their parents. In some countries it is still legal to do this today, in the twenty-first
century.
In the United States and many other counties today, individuals who have
disabilities very often suffer at the hands of parents and doctors who perform legal
abortions. For those parents who have decided to care for their child with Down
Syndrome, history has not made it very easy. In the early 1900s, individuals were sent
away from their families to institutions where they have been the subjects of lab
experiments. Globally, many individuals with disabilities have been injected with
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experimental viruses and drugs to determine the effects on “normal” individuals to
further advance chemical and biological warfare. While in institutions, many have been
exposed to electrical currents in hopes to clear the brain of disease. During World War II
in the 1940s, individuals with disabilities along with the Jews, Gypsies, Jehovah
Witnesses, etc. have been held captive, murdered, and their bodies have been cremated
by Hitler and his Nazis for not meeting up to his expectation of perfection.
In the United States, the history for individuals with disabilities changed during
the equality movement. The Supreme Court ruling in “The Brown vs. The Board of
Education” that Black individuals may begin attending schools with White individuals
opened the door for women, social minorities, and individuals with disabilities to fight
for more equal treatment. At the same time, parents began fighting for the rights of
individuals with disabilities to be raised at home and for the rights to equal opportunities
in the community. Meanwhile research on individuals with disabilities in institutions
allowed many people to know about the cruel treatment of individuals with disabilities,
especially those who had Down Syndrome. As a result, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
was the first piece of legislation that would protect the rights for individuals with
disabilities, which ordered institutions to shut down while at the same time allowing
individuals with disabilities to have more opportunities to receive an education and to
receive supports in the community.
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What exactly does the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 say and how
does it apply to me today?
According to Wright’s Law, an online resource for parents and professionals, the
purpose of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was to “(…) maximize employment, economic
self-sufficiency, independence, inclusion and integration into society”. When this law
took effect, many states created special schools for people with disabilities who had
mental retardation. These schools were often far away from their own neighborhood.
As parents continued to fight for more rights for their children in the community,
school programs became the focus for more opportunities for individuals with
disabilities. This resulted in a new law called “The Education for All Handicapped
Children Act of 1975,” which was created so that individuals with disabilities could
receive a free and appropriate education at their home schools as opposed to being sent to
“special schools” for the “mentally retarded”. This law was for individuals with
disabilities from 3 years old to 21 years old.
In order for this law to be enforced, the federal government began providing funds
to states who would adopt the law and enforce its regulations. For as long as states
receive these funds from the federal government their obligation is to meet the terms of
providing individuals with disabilities a proper education. Since 1975, every four years or
so, the law gets revised to change or add more statutes and regulations that states have to
follow. The law was renamed to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990,
also known as P.L. 94-142 or IDEA. The law also changed to provide services to
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individuals with disabilities from birth to 21 years old instead of at the beginning of age
3. Because of this, the term early intervention was defined as a new requirement under
the law. This simply means that infants and toddlers could receive services and supports
from the moment they are born instead of waiting until they are 3 years old. Research has
found that the earlier children receive supports, the more they will be able to do later.
This is why it has become important for parents to know about their rights and the rights
of their child.
What is early intervention?
Early intervention is the idea that babies and young children with disabilities
receive supports at home and in the community in hope that the later effects of the
disability will be minimal. For example, research says that children who receive early
intervention early in life do not seem to need as many supports and services as they
become adults and many of them are able to lead independent self supporting lives with
minimal assistance. Early intervention programs offer home visits, speech and language
therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy, oral motor therapy, music therapy, home
health nursing, family counseling, etc. These services are often coordinated by regional
centers, which have been created as a result of the Lanterman Act in 1977. Regional
centers ensure that families receive a service coordinator who will help them find
services and supports in the community, such as an early intervention team of
professionals.
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Why do I need to know about early intervention?
Early intervention is critical for children with Down Syndrome. Although the
services have been around for nearly four decades, the effects of early intervention are
still being researched and studied today. Research has found that because of early
intervention children with Down Syndrome are able to meet many developmental
milestones that “normal” children meet at earlier ages. Even more importantly, early
intervention has also been found to have a huge impact on how individuals with Down
Syndrome are able to live and care for themselves, such as by holding jobs and being able
to live independently. Without these services research has found that individuals with
Down Syndrome do not develop as many of the important skills they might need to lead a
quality life.
What do I do now?
Now that you have a good background about the history of individuals with
disabilities you can understand why there are laws to protect them. More importantly,
these laws have been put in place so that families do not feel like they are alone in raising
a child with special needs. Without knowing about the law many families do not receive
some of the services and supports they wish they had. This is mostly true for non-English
speaking families who do not have the access to the same information and materials,
which is why this handbook has been translated in other languages.
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More importantly, knowing that there are services and supports available to your
child, you will be able to help start the processes sooner. The more you know, the more
you can make sure that agencies provide what they are responsible for under the law. It is
important that you learn about timelines when things are supposed to happen and about
your right to be involved in each part of the process. You can find more information
about the law at local libraries, through the Warmline Family Resource Center, which we
will discuss later, and online at www.wrightslaw.org.
What are you talking about in regards to timelines and why is it
important that I’m involved if professionals know what they are
doing?
Timelines were set in place as a result of the Individuals with Disabilities
Education Act. They were specifically put there so that professionals were forced to
respond to referrals for services and supports as fast as possible. The faster a referral is
made to agencies, the faster your child will be served. Once a family contacts an agency
to let them know they have a child with Down Syndrome, this is called a referral.
Information that is often personal will be collected so that the person receiving the
information can understand what the needs of your child might be so that the referral gets
sent to the right people. After a referral is made, the agency has 15 days to request your
permission for testing, which they often call assessments or evaluations. This is important
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because without this part of the process it will be difficult for professionals to tell you
what your child needs and what services are available so that your child’s needs are met.
Once you sign permission for the professionals to complete their testing, the
agency has 60 days to test and meet with you about a plan for how your child and family
will be supported. When this happens, you have the right to agree or disagree with any
information that has been gathered and with any recommendation for services and
supports. If you agree with the offer, you must sign the legal document so that services
can begin. It is important to know that once you sign the document services must begin
immediately, which is often within a few days but no more than one week. Because the
law was created to protect the rights of families, no testing and services can be provided
until you give permission.
For non-English speaking families the law states that you have the right to
demand materials in your own language and that your child be assessed and evaluated in
your own language, that a translator/interpreter is provided to help during meetings, and
that documents be written in your home language. This is important because in order for
the needs of your child to be understood, accurate information from parents is important
especially since parents will always know their child much more than any professional.
More importantly, a child may not be able to complete tasks in a language they do not
understand so testing results will not accurately reflect the child’s needs.
So now you are probably thinking, “Now that I understand what early
intervention is and why it is important to my child, where do I go to access these services
and supports”? These questions will be answered in part three of this handbook.
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PART THREE
Services and Supports
Dependent on the needs of your baby or child, you may need some of these
services or all of these services. Regardless of your current socioeconomic situation, it is
highly recommended that you contact each of the following programs and services and
allow them to determine if and how you might qualify. Although there are exceptions to
every rule, research indicates that the more services and supports families have the more
children with special needs will be set up for meeting more developmental milestones
and life opportunities.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a service available to families who have a
baby or child with a disabling condition that is suspected to last more than one year. If
your baby or child is found eligible for SSI you may receive financial support in the form
of monthly SSI checks to supplement your current monthly earnings. The amount is
dependent on how much income you receive weekly, biweekly, or monthly. Eligibility
information can be found at http://www.ssa.gov/ssi/text-eligibility-ussi.htm or you can
call 1-800-772-1213.
Even if you do not think you will qualify, it is best to contact this program and
begin a case. If for any reason life circumstances prevent you from continuing
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employment or reducing your work hours and earnings, individuals who have a case with
SSI will be able to report changes and begin receiving support. Individuals who qualify
for SSI also receive Medi-Cal automatically.
Medi-Cal
Because your child was born with Down Syndrome he or she is automatically
considered to have special health care needs. For having such needs your child will
qualify for Medi-Cal, which is a state funded medical insurance program. There are three
ways to qualify. If your income falls under a certain amount, your child will qualify.
Individuals with disabilities qualify either based on income, automatically by having a
case opened with SSI, or by using an income waiver provided by Alta California
Regional Center, another critical program that will be discussed later. Medi-cal provides
financial assistance for regular check-ups and special medical care.
Medi-Cal also provides services to families who have outstanding medical costs
for babies who require a lot of medical attention, are in the hospital for more than 30
days, and expected to have medical needs for more than one year. Because of your
child’s special circumstances a medical worker will use different ways to help you
qualify based on your income.
NOTE: The county in which you receive Medi-Cal must be where you live and your
doctor must be located in that county. For example, you cannot have Yolo County
Medi-Cal and see a doctor in Sacramento County. The only way you may live in one
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county and see a doctor from another is if your child receives California Children’s
Services, also known as CCS, or if your child has private insurance where Medi-Cal
can be used as a second insurance plan. If Medi-Cal is used as a second insurance
plan, Medi-Cal will be able to pick up any co-pays or any type of balance left over
from the first insurance company.
For more information call Sacramento’s eligibility office at 916-552-9200. They will be
able to further assist you if you need alternative numbers for your area.
California Children’s Services
California Children’s Services, or CCS, is a statewide program that organizes,
guides, and pays for medical care, equipment, and rehabilitation when these services have
been approved by the program. Services can be approved for children and young adults
less than 21 years of age who have eligible medical conditions and whose families are
unable to pay for all or part of their care. However, it is important for you to know that
CCS is not a health insurance program. It will not meet all of your child’s health needs,
only those related to the CCS eligible condition. The program is financed from state,
county, and federal tax money, along with some fees paid by parents.
Taken from their brochure, if your child qualifies for this service, CCS may pay for or
provide the following services:
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 Treatment: such as doctor services, hospital and surgical care, physical therapy (PT)
and occupational therapy (OT), laboratory tests, X-Rays, orthopedic appliances, and
medical equipment.
 Medical case management to help get special doctors and care of your child when
medically necessary, and referral to other agencies, including public health nursing
and regional centers
 Medical Therapy Program (MTP), which can provide physical and or occupational
therapy in some public schools for children who are medically eligible for these
services.
For more information about to see if you qualify or for more in-depth information
about the medical conditions that are covered by CCS, see their brochure found at the
California Department of Healthcare Services website at
http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/ccs or call Sacramento’s office at 916-875-9900 for
information and phone numbers for other locations around the state. Information about
other locations and numbers can also be found at the website.
Alta California Regional Center
This is perhaps one of the most important programs offered to individuals with
Down Syndrome and other disabilities that you should contact. There are at least 21
regional centers across California. They provide several services such as, but not limited
to, counseling, lifelong individualized planning and service coordination, providing
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assistance in finding and using community resources, speaking to protect an individual’s
legal, civil, and service rights, early intervention services, family support,
planning/placement/monitoring of 24 hour out of home care, etc. To qualify, the
disability must have begun before the person’s 18th birthday and it must be expected to
continue for an unclear amount of time and your child must have one of the following
conditions:
1. Mental Retardation
2. Cerebral Palsy
3. Epilepsy
4. Autism
5. Any disabling conditions that are related to mental retardation or require
similar treatments
6. Infants and Toddlers (Birth to 36 months) who are at risk of becoming
developmentally disabled or who have a developmental delay.
Individuals with Down Syndrome typically qualify under the category of mental
retardation because of the likelihood of having mild to moderate developmental needs.
When a child becomes a member of Alta California Regional Center, he or she is a
member for life. Alta Regional Center is responsible for providing the services and
programs your child needs to live as normal as possible. Some of the services they offer
are:
 Family training, counseling, home visits
 Parent to parent support
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 Special Instruction
 Psychological Services
 Respite Services- provides a certain amount of hours per quarter for a family to
receive day care from any person the parents wish. They can be from an agency
or just a trusted friend/family member.
 Coordination of family centered services
 Occupational, Physical, and Speech and Language Therapy
 Medical Services required that are not covered by insurance coverage
 Nursing Services
 Nutrition Services
 Specialized Health Services
 Audiology (hearing)
 Assisted Technology Devices or Services
 Transportation and related costs necessary for a child to receive early
intervention services.
Aside from receiving services through your local school district, this will be the
most important service provider to have because it will support your child from birth to
death. Today, the agency provides much support for individuals who want to live
independently on their own. More information about Alta California Regional Center can
be found at their website, http://www.altaregional.org/index.cfm , or by calling the
Sacramento office at 916-978-6400. For individuals that reside in other counties other
than Sacramento you can find a list of local regional centers in your area by accessing the
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above website or by calling the Sacramento office for a listing of other centers and
numbers.
Warmline Family Resource Center
The Warmline Family Resource Center provides information, education, and
support for parents and professionals involved with young children who have special
needs. Services include a resource library, parent to parent support, educational
information, and a quarterly newsletter. Their website outlines upcoming Warmline
events such as lectures, group meetings, and parent information nights. If you are having
any type of problem or need advice Warmline Family Resource Center representatives
welcome you and will assist you as best as possible. They will also educate you about the
laws protecting your child and the rights each parent has. You may request to be placed
on their quarterly newsletter and events list.
This resource center is important because it provides families with updated
information about services and supports in the community. Most importantly, the center
will help you understand your rights and the rights of your child so that you can ensure
your child is getting all that he or she needs. There are no qualifications. Their website
can be found at http://warmlinefrc.org or you can call them at 1-800-660-7995.
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Infant Development Programs
Infant development programs are located throughout the state of California. They
serve children with special needs from birth to three years old who fall under the
following categories:
1. 50% delay in one area of development
2. 25% delays in two areas of development
3. Identified Syndromes
4. Solely low incidence: Visually, Hearing, or Orthopedically Impaired,
Deafness, Blindness, or a combination of any of the previous disabilities.
Some infant development programs extend their services to children who are at
risk for developmental disabilities in one or more developmental areas. Children with no
needs show development in several different areas. They are:
1. Psychomotor: Gross Motor (ability to walk, run, jump, etc.), Fine Motor
(ability to use fingers and hands), and Sensory Motor (ability to use eyes,
nose, mouth, fingers, and hear to learn)
2. Cognitive (the ability to think and reason)
3. Social or Emotional (ability to interact with others)
4. Speech and Language (communication)
5. Adaptive or Self Help (all those things we do be independent like
dressing/undressing, feeding, teeth-brushing, etc.)
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Children with special needs, even those who have Down Syndrome, can show
signs of developing slower in any one or more of these areas. The infant development
program helps to provide services to families and infants to help children with special
needs develop in these areas faster than they normally would without any help. Some
services they provide are regular home visits, infant/toddler teachers, occupational
therapy, speech and language therapy, physical therapy, oral motor therapy, nutrition
therapy, etc. Therefore, it is very important to make contact with your local infant
development program.
Although there are infant development programs throughout the state of
California, the contact information for Sacramento County is 916-228-3952. They will be
able to direct you to a listing of numbers in your local area.
Many of these services provide the same programs. Why is it
important that I know about all of them if I can get the same
services by calling only one or a couple of them?
Each program has its own special way of determining how a child qualifies for
services and which services are appropriate. What one agency thinks a child might
qualify for is not necessarily what the other one will think. Some services may be
provided by one agency while another agency will provide other services that the other
one did not. By calling every agency you can make sure that your child is getting all the
services he or she qualifies for.
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PART FOUR
RECOMMENDED LITERATURE FOR MORE
INFORMATION
This handbook is meant to serve as a quick reference to help families right away.
There are many more resources out there that have more in-depth information about
Down Syndrome. To help you in your search, you might want to check out the following
resources at the library or see if they are available at the Warmline Resource Center. You
can also purchase them at local bookstores by seeing if they are on the shelf or by
requesting they order a copy for you. Unfortunately, most of the following resources are
only written in English.
Please note that there are many resources out there that are not listed, but this list
will serve as a good beginning step in helping you to prepare for your child.
Babies with Down Syndrome: A New Parent’s Guide
Edited by Susan J. Skallerup
Third Edition, 2008 Woodbine House
This book is a complete reference for families who want more information about their
child’s first five years. It provides detailed information about Down Syndrome: what it is,
how to adjust, the types of medical concerns related, information on daily care, family
life, and how individuals with Down Syndrome develop. It also provides much more
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information about early intervention, legal rights, and possible hurdles one might face
and how to overcome them.
Expecting Adam: A True Story of Birth, Rebirth, and Everyday Magic
By Martha Beck
2000 Berkley Trade
This book is about a Harvard couple who find out that the baby they are going to have
has Down Syndrome. Their story talks about the possible emotional responses by
expecting parents and shares insight on one family’s struggle to make life decisions while
they come to accept that their child will be born with a disability.
Gifts: Mothers Reflect on How Children with Down Syndrome Enrich
their Lives
Edited by Kathryn Lynard Soper
2007 Woodbine House
This book is a collection of 63 short stories by mothers who gave birth to children with
Down Syndrome. The experiences range to share stories of children who were just born,
to toddlers, pre-schoolers, school aged children, teenagers, and adults. Each story is
unique and shares insight to a variety of emotions felt by parents who raise children with
Down Syndrome. Some stories are sad and others are happy, funny, and exciting.
Regardless of what you are feeling, this book will probably have stories that relate to
your emotions. In 2009, additional stories were compiled by several other mothers to
share even more experiences.
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Down (Syndrome) But Not Out: A Journey from Grief to Joy
By Joyce Sampson
2007 Pleasant Word: A Division of WinePress Publishing
This book is about an individual named Craig, who has Down Syndrome. The book is
about his experiences with his family as he faces many challenges. The book will take
you through each step of his life from medical issues to education to post education
challenges.
A Special Kind of Hero: Chris Burke’s Own Story
By Jo Beth McDaniel
2001 I-Universe
This book is about Chris Burke, an individual who was diagnosed with Down Syndrome.
Three chapters of the book were written in his own words. Chris Burke is an actor and
played the character Corky in the series, “Life Goes On”. Through reading this book you
can get a personal perspective of an individual with Down Syndrome.
Counting Us In: Growing Up with Down Syndrome
By Jason Kingsley and Mitchell Levitz
2007 Harvest Books
This book is about two young men with Down Syndrome. They share their perspective
on living with Down Syndrome and how they have been treated versus how they feel.
They also talk about their experiences in becoming independent including getting married
and having children. The book is written using their language patterns, but is gives an
overall view of what it is like to live with Down Syndrome.
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Early Communication Skills for Children with Down Syndrome: A
Guide for Parents and Professionals
By Libby Kumin
2003 Woodbine House
This book serves as an informational guide to the development of language in babies and
young children with Down Syndrome. Early exposure to speech and language is critical
for the development of other developmental skills such as the ability to think and reason.
Gross Motor Skills in Children with Down Syndrome: A Guide for
Parents and Professionals
By Patricia C. Winders
1997 Woodbine House
This book was written by an actual physical therapist to help families and professionals
better meet the gross motor needs of children with Down Syndrome. The book provides
many suggestions and activities to support further growth in children with Down
Syndrome.
Fine Motor Skills in Children with Down Syndrome: A Guide for
Parents and Professionals
By Maryanne Bruni
2nd Edition 2006 Woodbine House
This book was written by an actual occupational therapist that also has a teenager with
Down Syndrome. The book explains the developmental needs of children with Down
Syndrome and breaks down the terminology used by most occupational therapists. The
book also provides a variety of suggestions and activities to do at home.
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The Down Syndrome Nutrition Handbook: A Guide to Promoting
Healthy Lifestyles
By Joan Guthrie Medlen
2nd Edition 2006 Phronesis Publishing
This book provides detailed information on the various different nutritional and
healthcare needs of children with Down Syndrome. It helps to support families in
providing their children with a healthy lifestyle and information on how to address
possible nutritional and health related needs.
Teaching Children with Down Syndrome To Read: A Guide for Parents
and Teachers
By Patricia Logan Oelwein
1995 Woodbine House
This book offers many resources and activities for parents to teach their child how to read
at home as well as offers information to help ensure your child is being taught to read
appropriately at school.
Teaching Math to People with Down Syndrome and Other Hands On
Learners: Basic Survival Skills
By DeAnna Horstmeier
2004 Woodbine House
This book offers many resources and activities for parents and professionals to teach
children with Down Syndrome the major building blocks and foundations in math skills.
There are two volumes to this book. The first book teaches basic math skills while the
second book teaches more advanced math and skills required for independent living.
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Important Informational Websites
In an effort to help you get connected to the best and most accurate information about
Down Syndrome, the following websites offer the best support to families.
National Down Syndrome Society
www.ndss.org
This organization provides parents with updated research information on individuals with
Down Syndrome. Parents are encouraged to visit this site and become familiar with its
contents.
National Down Syndrome Congress
www.ndsccenter.org
This website offers membership for families and individuals with Down Syndrome. By
being a member families will have access to newsletters and upcoming events on Down
Syndrome nation-wide.
Down Syndrome Information Alliance
www.downsyndromeinfo.org
This is an organization created by parents who have children with Down Syndrome. The
organization provides parents with information about events in the community and parent
to parent support, as well as information about research and literature that can further
benefit parents and individuals with Down Syndrome.
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Downs Ed International
http://www.downsed.org/en/gb/default.aspx
Downs Ed International is an organization that heads today’s leading research on how
children with Down Syndrome learn. At their website you can find information and
resources to help your child continue to learn and grow. Downs Ed International has
recently opened a store called Downs Ed USA so that parents and professionals may
purchase the latest research and teaching materials to help foster the best education
possible for children with Down Syndrome.
Wright’s Law: Information about the Law and Rights
http://wrightslaw.com
At Wright’s Law parents find information about the law and their rights. Parents can also
find information about current court cases so that they know if the ruling may further
protect their child and his or her rights.
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Children’s Books for Individuals with Down Syndrome
The following list of children’s books that are good for reading to individuals with Down
Syndrome, siblings, and friends.
My Friend has Down Syndrome
By Jennifer Moor-Mallinos
Hi! I’m Ben and I’ve Got a Secret!
By Julie A. Bouwkamp
My Friend Isabelle
By Eliza Wolosen
We’ll Paint the Octopus Red
By S.A. Boden
I Can, Can You?
By Marjorie W. Pitzer
Don’t Call Me Special: A First Look at Disabilities
By Pat Thomas
My Up and Down and All Around Book
By Marjorie W. Pitzer
We Can Do It!
By Lara Dwight
Our Brother Has Down Syndrome
By Shelly Cairo
The Best Worst Brother
By Stephanie Stuve-Boden
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Down Syndrome: A Comprehensive
Handbook for Parents and Families
(Spanish Version)
PROLOGO
Rachelle Shockley
Era el otoño de 1999, yo empezaba mi carrera universitaria en la Universidad de
Sacramento California. Yo estaba en el programa de Estudios Liberales para ser maestra.
Me acababa de graduar hacia unos meses del bachillerato St. Francis en Sacramento
California y contaba con solo 18 años de edad. Soñaba con enseñarles a estudiantes, pero
no tenía ni la menor idea de que quería enseñar. Mi deseo de tener días festivos y veranos
libres había tenido una gran influencia en mi decisión de convertirme en maestra. A
mediados del primer semestre descubrí que también me convertiría en mamá. ¿Cómo me
iba imaginar en ese momento que llegaría a ser madre de un bebé con Síndrome de
Down? Algo de lo que yo, no sabía nada.
A pesar de que la educación que recibí en St. Francis me preparó para la
universidad y abrir el camino hacia el éxito, no estaba preparada en lo más mínimo para
la vida que iba a conducir y mucho menos para la posibilidad de tener un hijo con
necesidades especiales. A decir verdad, muy poco se dijo acerca de niños con
necesidades especiales, especialmente en clases de educación sexual donde
supuestamente debíamos haber aprendido sobre la realidad de ser padres a una edad
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demasiado temprana para estar listos. Lamentablemente, debido a esto, la percepción de
la mayoría de las personas, incluyéndome a mí, es que los niños con necesidades
especiales sólo nacen de madres de 35 años de edad o más, que también es lo que
comúnmente se enseña, y para mi sorpresa, comprobé que están muy equivocados.
A lo largo de todo mi embarazo me mantuve saludable, nunca me expuse a
ningún tipo de alcohol o drogas, así también como cigarrillos o humo y cafeína. Tomé
vitaminas prenatales todos los días y me mantuve en buena salud. Para ejercitar,
caminaba cerca de 1.5 millas (o 2.4 kilómetros) para llegar al trabajo y de regreso a casa,
5 días por semana, me venían a recoger únicamente en días que salía muy tarde por la
noche. Los ultrasonidos indicaron que mi bebé estaba perfectamente sano y no había de
que preocuparse. Estaba joven y con buena salud. Además, no había un historial de
discapacidades o problemas de salud en la familia; por lo tanto, no había razón para que
los médicos se preocuparan.
Trabajaba en el supermercado Raley’s, como asistente de cortesía en aquel
tiempo. Recuerdo que como a los seis meses le ayude a una amiga de la familia hasta su
auto. Ese día, le dije, “algo anda mal con mi bebé.” Ella me miro y me pregunto, ¿Qué le
sucede? ¿Cómo puedes estar segura? ¿Estás bien? Yo solo la mire y le dije “estoy bien,
pero algo anda mal. ¡Lo puedo sentir!” Ella me pregunto qué me habían dicho los
médicos durante mis chequeos regulares. Yo le dije que siempre me aseguraban que mi
bebé estaba muy bien y que estaba en perfecta salud. Ella me aseguro que mi bebé estaría
bien y me dijo que descansara al llegar a casa. Cerca de tres semanas después me fui
temprano del trabajo para el hospital por contracciones. Una semana después, mi doctor
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me incapacito del trabajo para reducir mis niveles de estrés. Afortunadamente, logre
llevar el embarazo a término.
El 25 de julio de 2000, me desperté por la mañana con toda la seguridad que
tendría mi bebé, aunque aun no tenía contracciones. El bebé tenía que haber nacido el día
antes. Llegamos al hospital al mediodía. Fui admitida por tener una dilatación de 4
centímetros. Mis labores de parto no comenzaron hasta las 7:30pm y debido a buena
fortuna el bebé nació poco después a las 8:30pm. Fue una niña bella y preciosa, la
nombramos Carlianne. No recuerdo mucho de lo que paso después porque estaba
temblando tanto y perdiendo mucha sangre. La habitación estaba abarrotada de
enfermeras y doctores. Pensé que se debía a la atención de calidad y no tenía idea de que
esto no era normal. Más tarde pude ver en fotos que Carlianne necesito recibir oxigeno
poco después de que nació. Una vez yo estaba mejor, pude sostener a Carlianne por
primera vez. Me asegure de contar todos sus dedos, un ritual de salud, común entre
padres primerizos. Como me iba a imaginar que tenía más de que preocuparme que
Carlianne no tuviera un dedo en las manos o los pies.
En cuanto se determinó que ambas de nosotras íbamos a estar bien, fuimos
trasladadas a otra habitación privada por la noche. Al mirar a Carlianne recuerdo que
pensé que nunca había visto algo más hermoso en mi vida. Me enamore de ella desde el
instante que la vi y me sentía orgullosa. Esa noche le hice la promesa de que sería la
mejor mamá; siempre protegiéndola de lo malo de este mundo y no permitir que nada
malo le pasara a ella. Irónicamente, esa noche mi esposo me pregunto, “¿Se te figura
diferente? ¿No se mira como uno de esos niños? Tu sabes… esa gente Down. Yo le
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respondí “¡claro que no!” ¡Ella es perfecta! Ella se parece a mi hermano cuando nació,
con las orejitas torcidas y todo.” Su pregunta realmente me molesto, especialmente las
palabras insensibles, “gente Down” como si ellos le pertenecen a alguien más que a sí
mismos. Para mí, Carlianne era un bebé normal. Ella era mi bebita y era perfecta. Para
todos los demás, Carlianne parecía diferente.
La mañana siguiente nos visito el pediatra muy temprano. Era el médico de
nuestra familia. El había sido mi médico cuando yo era una niña y había sido el médico
de mi hermano también. Cuando mi hermano era un niño tenía un nudo en sus intestinos
y por poco muere. Fue nuestro pediatra quien lo salvo, paso muchas horas tratando de
descubrir por qué mi hermano estaba tan enfermo, sin poder retener alimento, vomitando
y sin poder defecar. Pasaron algunos días y mi hermano corría el riesgo de que sus
órganos colapsaran en horas. Esa noche nuestro pediatra se apresuro al hospital,
corriendo por las puertas dobles, rogándole a mis padres que confiaran en él y que
firmaran un permiso para una cirugía de emergencia, ellos no tuvieron tiempo de hablar y
el no podía tomar el tiempo de explicar: mi hermano iba morir y ellos tenían que poner su
confianza en el médico sin saber por qué o que se iba a suceder. Mis padres firmaron y se
apresuraron a llevar a mi hermano a una cirugía de emergencia para corregir el problema.
Mirando atrás, supongo que ellos pensaron que el moriría sin la cirugía, así que
permitir que el médico actuara sin explicación les daba una esperanza. Tres semanas
después, la niña de la película “Poltergeist” murió de lo mismo. Desde ese día, nuestro
pediatra era el único profesional de la salud en quien llegamos a confiar y por eso, el
también merecía ser el elegido para brindarle cuidado a Carlianne. Irónicamente, la
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misma razón por la que lo escogí fue la misma razón por la que Carlianne lo necesitaba;
ella era especial y necesitaba cuidado especial que sólo un médico talentoso podría
proveer.
En cualquier caso, esa mañana el entro en la habitación y pregunto cómo estaba.
Conteste que bien. El menciono lo hermosa que Carlianne era y luego dijo, “¡Bueno que
bien! De hecho creo que su hija tiene Síndrome de Down así que voy a ordenar un
análisis de cromosomas mientras ella se encuentra en el hospital y la quiero ver
nuevamente en una semana. ¿Tiene alguna pregunta?” Por dentro yo estaba paralizada sin
emoción, como una piedra. Le dije que no, pero tan pronto como él se fue, tenía cientos
de preguntas. Peor aún, no había nadie preparado en el hospital para decirme lo que esto
significaba o que debía hacer después. Solo podía hacer una cosa, sostener a Carlianne
muy fuerte con el temor que muriera y quererla todavía más. Tres semanas después el
doctor confirmo que Carlianne tenía Trisomía 21, ó Síndrome de Down.
Sin necesidad de mencionarlo, yo tenía una multitud de preguntas y tenía que
encontrar las respuestas. Cerca de 6 meses después alguien toco a mi puerta. Una mujer
vino a mi casa para tomar información sobre mi embarazo y la experiencia del
nacimiento y para obtener información de Carlianne. Yo fui muy cuidadosa y muy
dudosa de compartir información tan personal con una extraña. Mi respuesta inicial fue
que no quería sus servicios. Yo no tenía idea de que ellos estaban ahí para ayudar a
Carlianne. Yo pensaba que ellos estaban ahí para convencerme que Carlianne tenía que
ser enviada lejos como los niños en instituciones de los que yo había leído en libros de la
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escuela. Yo estaba determinada a criar a Carlianne en casa, sin nada más que amor, a
pesar de todo, yo la iba criar como a cualquier otro niño.
En otra visita dos señoras se aparecieron en mi casa. Alguien llamo a un maestro
de infantes y la otra señora de una agencia llamada “Alta”. Yo no tenía la menor idea que
había algo como maestro de infantes y no tenía idea de cuál era la función de la
trabajadora de Alta. Ellas trataron de explicarme sobre sus servicios, pero yo no entendía
la importancia de la provisión de visitas en el hogar y otros servicios. Para mí, eso era
una pérdida de mi tiempo y una invasión de mi vida privada. Adicionalmente, yo no
pensaba que algo en respecto a Carlianne les incumbía a los demás. Recuerdo haberles
pedido un folleto para leer más acerca de los servicios que proveían. En ese momento la
maestra de infantes me hizo una cara de desconcierto y me dijo que no tenían un folleto.
Me dieron un libro acerca de mis derechos y un cartapacio con un montón de información
que yo no entendía y no podía descifrar. Ellas trataron de explicar sus servicios
nuevamente y eventualmente firme un montón de papeles, que vuelvo a reiterar, yo no
comprendía. Lo único que sabía es que había accedido a unos servicios para que una
gente viniera a mi casa a darle terapia a Carlianne; algo que yo no sabía que existía y
mucho menos entendía para lo que servía.
Paso algún tiempo, cada par de semanas estaban llenas de algún tipo de cita.
Tenía una enfermera, una terapeuta del habla, un terapeuta ocupacional y una maestra de
infantes viniendo a mi casa. La maestra de infantes me comento que ella misma tenía un
hijo con necesidades especiales. A partir de ese momento me libre de mucha tensión.
Empecé a hacerle preguntas y ella trataba de contestármelas lo mejor que podía, hasta
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que le pregunte, “¿qué era lo que Carlianne podrá hacer?” Ella me miro y dijo, “no te
podría decir porque no lo sé.” Inmediatamente me llene de enojo y pensé, “estas personas
vienen a mi casa a decirme que necesito todas estas cosas cada semana y ni siquiera me
pueden decir lo que Carlianne podrá hacer. Además, no hacen nada diferente de lo que yo
hago. Yo juego con Carlianne, hablo con ella y le canto.” No tenía sentido. Estaba furiosa
pero no lo mencione en ese momento. Mas importante aún, yo seguía pensando dentro de
mí, “cada doctor y especialista con quien he hablado me dice la misma cosa. Yo no sé.
¿Por qué ellos no saben? ¡Ellos son los médicos! Ellos trabajan con gente como mi hija
todos los días. ¿Quiénes son ellos para decirme que no saben?”
Estas inquietudes me orillaron a tomar cursos “extras” en la Universidad. Tome
casi todos los cursos sobre desarrollo infantil. Llegue a la conclusión de que si los
doctores y especialistas no podían responder mis dudas, yo las aclararía por mi propia
cuenta de alguna manera. Casi cada clase que tome se concentraba en el desarrollo típico,
a lo que muchos se refieren como desarrollo infantil “normal.” Muy poco se mencionaba
sobre niños con necesidades especiales. Para cuando tome mi última clase, estaba
sumamente molesta. Le pregunte a la profesora cuando se suponía que aprenderíamos de
niños como mi hija. Ella me dijo, “nosotros nos enfocamos en enseñarles a nuestros
alumnos las étapas de desarrollo típicas de los niños. Tú estás en el departamento
equivocado. Necesitas estar en educación especial.” Lo primero que se me vino a la
mente fue rabia. De por si yo ya sentía la clara división en mi propia comunidad y en la
sociedad. Seguía pensando, “¿Los niños con necesidades especiales no son humanos
también? ¿No aprendemos de ellos cuando aprendemos en cursos del desarrollo
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humano? ¿Siempre tenemos que ir a un lugar especial para ellos y ahora hasta en mi
propia educación?” Fue aquí cuando comprendí las injusticias a las que me enfrentaría
por el resto de la vida de Carlianne y estaba determinada que con el tiempo yo haría algo
para cambiarlo, hasta si fuera en pequeña escala.
Hoy Carlianne cuenta con casi 10 años. Ella es muy lista y me muestra aspectos
de la vida para lo que yo nunca hubiera tomado el tiempo de ver sin ella. Ella me salvo de
muchas formas de ser ciega, especialmente cuando se trata de reconocer a la gente. Ella
está en el tercer grado de una clase de educación general y tiene muchos amigos con y sin
discapacidades. Sus compañeros de clase la invitan a fiestas, se ríen con ella, y le ayudan
a aprender. A Carlianne le encanta montar a caballo y participa en shows de caballos y
competencias, a menudo gana medallas (vea su fotografía abajo.) A ella le encanta leer,
aprendió a leer al cabo del primer grado. Disfruta de jugar en la computadora y en el Wii,
especialmente boliche.
A Carlianne también le gusta ver programas de televisión como American Idol,
ICarly de Nickelodeon, y los videos caseros más graciosos de América. Le encanta reírse
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y hacer bromas. Su actor favorito es Tom Hanks y su película favorita es Toy Story.
Lleva a sus muñecos de Woody y Jessie a casi todos lados que va. Sus comidas favoritas
son pizza, pollo, y papas fritas; también le gusta el bistec de la abuela, brócoli y ensalada.
Para todos quienes conocen a Carlianne ella es muy normal.
Mirando atrás, el camino para llegar donde estamos no ha sido fácil. En un
principio, todo era muy angustioso. Sin embargo, mirando atrás, aprecio cada momento y
desearía haber sabido todo lo que se hoy, para haberme tomado el tiempo de apreciarlo
más. A pesar que todas esas citas hacían mi vida muy ajetreada, contribuyo en gran
manera a quien Carlianne es el día de hoy y las amistades que he ganado a través de ese
tiempo de prueba durarán para toda la vida. Si pudiera decirle algo a un padre nuevo sería
esto: estoy muy honrada y me siento privilegiada que Carlianne sea mi hija. Si tuviera
que hacerlo todo de nuevo, lo haría. Si tuviera la opción de escoger mis hijos, todos
tendrían Síndrome de Down. Lo puedo decir honestamente porque Carlianne y las
influencias del equipo que le ayudo a temprana edad, una expresión que definiré luego,
ahora soy una especialista en educación especial dedicando mi vida a ayudar a otros.
Aunque mi pasión y sueño es enseñarle a bebés e infantes para ayudar a las familias, en el
presente soy una maestra de educación especial para preescolares. Sin Carlianne mi vida
sería muy diferente y muy incompleta.
En todo caso, el propósito general de este manual es proveerle a las familias
información sobre el Síndrome de Down: lo que es y que esperar. También para ayudar a
las familias a tener acceso a servicios en la comunidad y para explicar algunos de los
procesos que yo no entendía. Igualmente, la meta más primordial es expandir la
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concientización, porque con excesiva frecuencia los niños con Síndrome de Down han
sido oprimidos, segregados y hasta acabados por falta del conocimiento adecuado y
temor a lo desconocido. Espero que por medio de proveer información clara acerca del
Síndrome de Down, los padres se sientan aliviados de algunos de sus miedos y puedan
tomar decisiones bien informadas sin importar las elecciones de su vida personal.
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AGRADECIMIENTOS
La primera persona que me gustaría reconocer es a mi hija, Carlianne. Ella me ha
enseñado mucho sobre la vida y sin ella no tendría una pasión por la diversidad. Dicen
que los padres son los que supuestamente deben enseñar a sus hijos, pero me parece que
en muchos aspectos, Carlianne me enseña a mí. Es por ella que me decidí a escribir este
manual.
La segunda persona que me gustaría reconocer es mi esposo, Gary Shockley. Él
ha pasado muchas horas animándome a seguir mis sueños y apoyando mis éxitos,
permitiéndome dedicar mucho tiempo en mi educación y a este proyecto.
En tercer lugar, debo reconocer a mis padres, Robert y Paula Dutra. Aunque ha
sido un camino difícil y duro para todos nosotros, ellos me han proporcionado también el
mismo apoyo y aliento para que siga mis sueños y tener éxito en cumplir muchas de las
metas de mi vida. Más importante aún, han hecho muchos sacrificios personales para
apoyarnos en la crianza de Carlianne, proporcionando a menudo cuidado después de la
escuela y participando en las citas de terapia y actividades extra-curriculares que
promueven los intereses y que contribuyen al desarrollo de Carlianne.
También me gustaría aprovechar esta oportunidad para reconocer a nuestro
pediatra, Programa de Primeros Pasos de Infantiles en el condado de Yolo, y sobre todo a
la maestra de desarrollo infantil de mi hija y coordinadora de cabecera, que me ha puesto
debajo de sus alas para ayudarme y entrenarme como profesional: el tiempo más preciado
en mi carrera hasta el momento. Por el motivo de respetar su vida privada no he utilizado
sus nombres, pero ellos saben quiénes son: ¡Gracias!
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Igualmente importante, me gustaría aprovechar el tiempo para reconocer a Olga
Dutra, traductora de ruso y mi tía, y a Clarissa Laguardia, una traductora de español y
hermana de mi congregación en el Salón del Reino, ambas quienes se tomaron el tiempo
fuera de su vida para ayudarme a conseguir que este manual fuera traducido al ruso y
español. Sin su arduo trabajo la información proporcionada en este manual no estaría
disponible para familias que hablan español y ruso.
Por último, pero no menos importante, debo reconocer a mi consejero de
Maestría, el Dr. David Raske, que creyó en la importancia de mi proyecto y me ayudó
apoyando mis esfuerzos en el desarrollo de este manual para servir a otras familias de
niños que padecen el Síndrome de Down. Sin estas personas importantes, este proyecto
no habría sido posible. ¡No les puedo agradecer lo suficiente!
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DEDICACION
Me gustaría dedicar este manual a mi hija, Carlianne. Que otros puedan tener la
oportunidad de experimentar esas cosas en mi vida que tú me has enseñado. Este mundo
sería un lugar mejor si todos tuviéramos Síndrome de Down.
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PARTE UNO
Respondiendo a interrogantes sobre el
Síndrome de Down
¿Qué es el Síndrome de Down?
El Síndrome de Down es una condición genética donde un niño nace con 47
cromosomas en lugar de 46 normales. Cuando un espermatozoide encuentra un óvulo, a
lo que llamaremos células, se dividen. Durante esa división una persona "normal" recibe
23 cromosomas de su madre, que es naturalmente transportado por el óvulo, y 23 de su
padre, que también son transportados por el espermatozoide. Con Síndrome de Down,
una persona consigue 23 cromosomas de uno de los padres y 24 del otro. En otras
palabras, el óvulo o el esperma, lleva 23 cuando se encuentra con el espermatozoide, o el
óvulo, con 24. Se solía decir que este cromosoma extra provenía de la madre, pero los
estudios han revelado que podría venir del padre también. Aun no hay manera de saber a
ciencia cierta.
De todos modos, cuando se piensa en personas "normales", ya que cada individuo
tiene un cromosoma de un padre y tiene uno más del mismo cromosoma proveniente del
otro padre, a eso le llamamos un par. Síndrome de Down ocurre cuando hay tres de los
mismos cromosomas situados en el par 21. Esta es la razón de porque los médicos
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también llaman al Síndrome de Down, "Trisomía 21", que simplemente significa 3 copias
del 21.
Nota: el término "normal" se utilizara en todo este manual para hablar de niños que se consideran
libres de discapacidades. Se decidió usar este término ya que la mayoría de la gente se refiere a los
niños con desarrollo típico como "normal".
¿Cuántos tipos de Síndrome de Down existen?
Existen tres tipos de Síndrome de Down. Se les conoce como Trisomía 21,
Translocación, y Trisomía Mosaica y son explicados más detalladamente a continuación.
Trisomía 21: es el tipo que sucede con más frecuencia. Cuando el esperma y el
óvulo se reúnen, se dividen las células. Es durante este periodo que el cromosoma
adicional se adhiere a los genes del embrión. El cromosoma adicional se puede adherir a
algunos o todos los genes. La manera como el cromosoma adicional se adhiere y afecta a
otros genes determina la cantidad de necesidades que tendrá un niño con Síndrome de
Down. Sin embargo, no hay manera de saber el alcance de estas necesidades hasta
después que nazca el bebé.
Translocación: sucede cuando parte del cromosoma 21 extra se rompe y se une a
otra parte de un cromosoma. Esto significa que hay un par 21 y un cromosoma 21 roto
que se conectará a otro cromosoma que no está en el par 21.
En este tipo de Síndrome de Down, debido a que el cromosoma 21 extra se rompe
durante la división celular y se adhiere a una parte de otro cromosoma, el bebé parecerá
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tener solo 46 cromosomas, pero al observar más de cerca, uno de los cromosomas tendrá
una pierna más larga, por el cromosoma 21 extra que se adhirió. Esto también causa
Síndrome de Down, pero no sucede con tanta frecuencia como Trisomía 21.
Trisomía Mosaica: es muy raro y solo es usualmente visto cuando se observa a los
genes más de cerca. Cuando el esperma y el óvulo se reúnen y comienzan a dividirse
algunos de los genes tienen 46 cromosomas y algunos tienen 47. Por esta, un niño tendrá
algunos genes “normales” y algunos genes de una persona con Síndrome de Down. Una
persona con Trisomía Mosaica generalmente se parece a sus padres y típicamente tiene
menos necesidades, lo que resulta en una vida más “normal.”
Solo un análisis de cromosomas le dirá que tipo de Síndrome de Down pudiera
tener su bebé. Además, un análisis de cromosomas solo puede realizarse después que
nazca el bebé.
¿Por qué se le llama Síndrome de Down a la Trisomía 21?
En 1866 un hombre inglés llamado John Langdon Down escribió un ensayo sobre
un grupo de individuos que se parecían entre sí. Todas estas personas tenían Trisomía 21.
En su ensayo, John Langdon Down describió varias de las características del Síndrome de
Down, que se explicará más adelante en esta sección del manual. Para 1866, las personas
con Síndrome de Down eran llamados mongoloides porque mucha gente pensaba que se
parecían a los individuos procedentes de Mongolia. En 1960, el término mongoloide se
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cambio porque resultaba ofensivo a muchas personas, incluidos los de Mongolia, por lo
que la Trisomía 21 recibió el nombre de Síndrome de Down.
¿Ocasioné yo que mi hijo tuviera Síndrome de Down?
¡Por supuesto que no! No existe manera de que alguien pueda causar el Síndrome
de Down. Por alguna razón, cuando las células se dividen a veces no siempre se dividen
de la misma manera. En realidad no existe una buena explicación de por qué sucede así.
Cuando las células se dividen y dan lugar a un tercer cromosoma 21, se le llama
Síndrome de Down. Cuando las células se dividen con cromosomas extra, en un par
diferente, el niño nacerá con una condición médica diferente. Nadie puede evitar que
suceda, ¡simplemente pasa!
¿Con cuanta frecuencia ocurre el Síndrome de Down?
El Síndrome de Down, les acaece a personas de todas las edades, razas y niveles
económicos. En otras palabras, les sucede tanto a la gente más rica como a la gente más
pobre por igual. También ocurre en todas las razas y los diferentes grupos étnicos.
Peculiarmente, el Síndrome de Down es más común que cualquier otro defecto de
cromosomas. Investigación reciente indica que el Síndrome de Down ocurre en 1 de cada
733 bebés nacidos. Sin contar el número de bebés que han sido abortados
intencionalmente o por aborto espontáneo. Investigadores destacados que estudian el
Síndrome de Down dicen que si los bebés no fueran abortados intencionalmente o por
aborto espontáneo, el Síndrome de Down se suscitaría probablemente en 1 de cada 600
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bebés nacidos, si no es que con más frecuencia que eso. Hoy en día, en 2010, hay cerca
de 400.000 personas con Síndrome de Down en los Estados Unidos solamente. Según la
Sociedad Nacional de Síndrome de Down, cada año alrededor de 5.000 bebés nacen con
Síndrome de Down en los Estados Unidos.
Los investigadores también dicen que existen dos espacios de edades en que las
mujeres embarazadas dan a luz a bebés con Síndrome de Down. El primer espacio es
entre las edades de 19 a 21 años. El segundo espacio sucede usualmente a mujeres de 35
años o más. Aunque las mujeres de 35 años o más corren un mayor riesgo de tener un
bebé con Síndrome de Down, en realidad nacen mas bebés de madres entre las edades de
19 a 21 años de edad. Por supuesto, bebés que nacen con Síndrome de Down no están
limitados a mujeres embarazadas entre estas edades, le puede suceder a cualquiera a
cualquier edad.
¿Cómo puedo saber si mi bebé tiene Síndrome de Down?
El Síndrome de Down solo puede ser verificado por medio de un análisis de
cromosomas una vez haya nacido el bebé. Un análisis cromosómico es cuando un médico
toma una muestra de sangre del bebe para estudiar sus genes. Al observar los genes de
cerca, el médico puede saber qué tipo de Síndrome de Down tiene el bebé.
Hoy día, en 2010, la mayoría de médicos llevaran a cabo una prueba de proteína
en mujeres embarazadas para saber si su bebé pudiera tener Síndrome de Down al nacer.
Esto es para que el médico este preparado cuando sea el momento de que nazca el bebé.
Los médicos estarán mejor preparados para determinar si existen potenciales condiciones
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de salud para poder actuar con más rapidez cuando nace el bebé, de lo que se hablara con
mayor detalle más adelante en este manual.
Si la prueba de proteína resulta positiva el doctor podría ordenar más pruebas
como amniocentesis, lo cual es una prueba en la que una aguja es inyectada en el saco
amniótico para sacar una muestra del líquido del bebé. El liquido contiene la orina del
bebé, lo que le dará a los médicos una buena muestra para examinar de cerca los genes.
Esto también le permitirá al doctor averiguar si el bebé pudiera tener Síndrome de Down.
¿Por qué necesito saber si mi bebé pudiera tener Síndrome de
Down si los médicos no estarán 100% seguros hasta después que
nazca?
Es importante saber si su bebé pudiera tener Síndrome de Down por diversas
razones. La primera es porque los médicos necesitan saber para estar preparados para la
posibilidad de cuidado adicional que el bebé pudiera necesitar al nacer. Dado que los
bebés con Síndrome de Down tienen un riesgo mayor de padecer otras necesidades de
salud, la posibilidad de sobrevivir del bebé mejora en gran medida cuando los médicos
están listos a dar a un bebé, con Síndrome de Down, la atención adicional que él o ella
pueda necesitar. A veces es necesaria una intervención quirúrgica inmediata para reparar
las complicaciones. Por ejemplo, puede que algunos bebés necesiten una cirugía de
corazón para ayudar a cerrar agujeros en el corazón que nunca se desarrollaron mientras
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el bebé crecía dentro del estómago de la madre. Aunque esto es común entre los bebés
con Síndrome de Down también es común entre los niños que no tienen Síndrome de
Down. La única diferencia es que los bebés con Síndrome de Down tienen un índice de
riesgo más alto.
Otra razón de por qué es importante saber sobre el Síndrome de Down es para que
los padres tengan la oportunidad de prepararse para su bebé. Hay una cantidad cada vez
mayor de literatura disponible para ayudar a las familias a aprender sobre el Síndrome de
Down. Esto ayudará a las familias a estar mejor preparadas y les ayudará a para conocer
más sobre los servicios disponibles para apoyar a la familia. Es posible que le interese
saber que muchos servicios han sido establecidos y estipulados por el gobierno de
EE.UU. para proteger a las familias y los niños nacidos con Síndrome de Down. Muchos
de los servicios disponibles para familias de niños con Síndrome de Down son gratuitos
porque fondos estatales y federales ya han sido apartados de forma automática para
ayudar a proporcionar a las familias el apoyo que necesitan para ayudar a criar a sus hijos
con Síndrome de Down en el hogar.
Por último, cuando los padres son informados que su bebé pudiera tener Síndrome
de Down, también se les da la alternativa de tomar decisiones. Una familia puede optar
por interrumpir el embarazo antes de que ya no cuenten con esa opción o una familia
puede elegir continuar con el bebé hasta que llegue a su término y nazca para determinar
si la prueba era exacta. Desafortunadamente, los estudios muestran que aunque los
médicos intentan asistir a las familias a examinar para buscar discapacidades, también
existe una posibilidad que los resultados sean inciertos. Por ejemplo, a muchos padres se
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les dice que su bebé nacerá con Síndrome de Down y cuando nace el bebé se enteran que
esto no era cierto. Por otro lado, a algunos padres se les dice que su bebé no salió positivo
para Síndrome de Down, y cuando tienen su bebé este tiene Síndrome de Down.
Desafortunadamente, esto sucede con mucha frecuencia. Se le otorga a los padres una
difícil decisión, la de ¿correr o no correr el riesgo?
Si el Síndrome de Down sólo puede ser confirmado a través de una
prueba de sangre, ¿por qué los médicos pueden saber que el bebé
tiene Síndrome de Down en cuanto nace?
Si bien es cierto que el Síndrome de Down sólo se puede comprobar con una
muestra de sangre, hay muchos signos visuales que una persona con Síndrome de Down
tiene que da a los médicos una idea para hacer la prueba para Síndrome de Down, poco
después del nacimiento. Algunos de los síntomas o las características del Síndrome de
Down son los pies planos y espacios anchos entre dedos de los pies, el peso bajo al nacer
y longitud, ojos rasgados, nariz plana lo que da un aspecto más plano al rostro, una
espalda plana haciendo la cabeza y cuello conectarse sin una ranura redondeada, una boca
más pequeña que hace que la lengua se vea más grande en proporción, un tono muscular
bajo (no la fuerza, pero la tonificación de los músculos), línea recta a través del interior
de la palma de la mano, manchas blancas en el iris del ojo, una forma anormal o dobles
del oído, y pequeños pliegues de piel en las esquinas de cada ojo (Batshaw et al., 2007).
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¿Cuáles son otros riesgos de salud para mi hijo?
Esta pregunta no es muy fácil de contestar, porque así como cada niño "normal"
es diferente, todos los niños con Síndrome de Down son diferentes también. Los estudios
han identificado muchos riesgos de salud para las personas con Síndrome de Down.
Algunos nacen sin ninguno de ellos, algunos nacen con algunos de ellos, y otros nacen
con muchos de ellos. Casi ningún niño con Síndrome de Down los tendrá todos. Aunque
los niños con Síndrome de Down pueden tener estos riesgos, avances en la tecnología
médica, servicios y terapias han sido capaces de minimizar o incluso curar algunas de las
necesidades de salud. Algunos de los riesgos se encuentran en una tabla en la página
siguiente.
Figura 1: Riesgos de la salud relacionados a individuos con Síndrome de Down. Tomado de Niños Con
Discapacidades. (6ª Edición.) Batshaw, M.L., Pellegrino, L., Roizen, N.J. (2007).
Trastorno
% afectado
Defectos de corazón congénitos
Tipos:
Defecto del relieve endocárdico
Defecto septal ventricular
Defecto septal atrioventricular
Otro
Trastornos oftálmicos
Tipos:
Errores de refracción
Estrabismos
Nistagmos
Blefaritis
Obstrucción del conducto lagrimal
Cataratas
Ptosis
Perdida de la audición
Anormalidades endócrinas
44
20
15
4
5
60
35
27
20
9
6
5
5
66
50-90
115
Tipos:
Hipotiroidismo sub-clínico
Hipertiroidismo manifiesto
Diabetes
Problemas de crecimiento
Tipo:
Obesidad
Baja estatura
Anormalidades ortopédicas
Tipo:
Atlanto-axial subluxación sub-clínica
Atlanto-axial subluxación sintomática
Problemas dentales, enfermedad
Periodontal, y mal oclusión
Malformaciones gastrointestinales
Enfermedad celíaca
Epilepsia
Leucemia
Enfermedades de la piel
Enfermedad de Alzheimer después de los 40 años
25-40
4-30
.5-1
50-90
60
50-90
16
15
1
60-100
5
1-7
6
.6-1
50
21
NOTE: Original Source: American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Genetics (2001); Cohen, for the Down Syndrome Medical
Interest Group (1999).
Después de ver esta larga lista de riesgos, es fácil estar temeroso que todas estas
cosas le puedan ocurrir a su hijo. Las estadísticas pueden dar mucho miedo si no se leen
correctamente. No se atemorice a sí mismo al pensar que porque su hijo tiene Síndrome
de Down que usted debe esperar alguno o todos estos riesgos. Es importante recalcar que
algunos niños son más afortunados que otros y no tienen ninguno de ellos, algunos niños
tienen algunos de ellos, y algunos niños tienen muchos de ellos, pero ningún niño los
tiene todos. Lo más importante a considerar es que muchos de estos trastornos se pueden
corregir o se puede minimizar los efectos, con nuestros avances en la tecnología médica y
con la ayuda de terapeutas y otros proveedores de servicios.
De hecho, según la Sociedad Nacional de Síndrome de Down, solía ser que los
individuos con Síndrome de Down en 1910 no vivían más allá de 9 años de edad. Cuando
se inventaron los antibióticos, las personas con Síndrome de Down comenzaron a vivir
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hasta los 20 años de edad. Hoy día, con los avances en la tecnología médica y los
servicios en 2010, la mayoría viven al menos 60 años de edad e incluso mucho más. Se
ha registrado que algunas personas alcanzan a llegar a los 80 años.
Ahora, usted se pudiera estar preguntando, "¿cómo puedo yo pagar por este
cuidado para mi niño si él o ella tiene alguna de estas condiciones de salud?" Esta
pregunta será respondida en la parte 3 de este manual. Por el momento, es importante
discutir los riesgos de Subluxación Atlanto-axial y Leucemia porque, aunque no sucede
muy a menudo, son los dos riesgos de salud por lo que más a menudo se somete a
chequeo médico, de los que más se habla, y a menudo los más temidos.
¿Qué es la Subluxación Atlanto-axial?
Subluxación Atlanto-axial es cuando una articulación de la médula espinal en la
zona del cuello está dislocada o fuera de lugar. Los niños que tienen este problema están
en riesgo de traumatismo de la médula espinal por lo que es importante que todos los
niños con Síndrome de Down obtengan una radiografía para determinar si lo tienen o no.
Si se encuentra que un niño tiene Subluxación Atlanto-axial, deben mantenerse alejados
de las actividades que puedan causar daño a la parte posterior del cuello. Por ejemplo, un
niño no podría ser capaz de montar a caballo, saltar en camas elásticas, o jugar fútbol
americano. Es importante hablar con el médico acerca de las actividades que el niño debe
evitar. Por favor, eche un vistazo al cuadro de la figura del cuello de un niño "normal" a
comparación de un niño con Síndrome de Down.
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Nota especial: En la foto de la página siguiente, el cuello típico de un niño se muestra a la
izquierda. En el lado derecho de la flecha apunta a la articulación dislocada en la columna
vertebral. La imagen del niño le muestra exactamente donde en el cuerpo se encuentra la
luxación o dislocación. Como puede ver, un niño que tiene esta dislocación se encuentra
en un gran riesgo, por lo que es importante corroborar sobre esto antes de que su hijo
participe en alguna actividad física o deportiva.
Figura 2: Una foto describiendo la Subluxación Atlanto-axial. Tomada de Niños con Discapacidades. (6a
Ed.) Batshaw, M.L., Pellegrino, L., Roizen, N.J. (2007).
NOTA: Fuente original: American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness 1995)
¿Por qué escucho acerca del riesgo de Leucemia?
Todos los niños, independientemente de si tienen o no el Síndrome de Down,
están en riesgo de desarrollar Leucemia infantil. Por alguna razón, a pesar de que esto
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ocurre en una escala extremadamente pequeña en los niños con Síndrome de Down, el
riesgo es un poco más alto para ellos que para los niños que no tienen el Síndrome de
Down. La Leucemia sólo ocurre a cerca del 0.6-1% de la población. Hay más
probabilidad que una mujer llegue a tener cáncer de mama en su vida, que un niño con
Síndrome de Down llegue a tener Leucemia. Sin embargo, ocurre entre algunos
individuos y es algo que se debe tener en cuenta.
Ahora que sé qué es el Síndrome de Down y los riesgos de salud
involucrados que esperar, ¿por qué me dicen los médicos que no
saben lo que mi hijo será capaz de hacer?
Hay dos partes a esta pregunta. Para responder a la primera parte: por desgracia,
esta es la pregunta hecha con más frecuencia, pero la más difícil de responder. La
mayoría de los médicos y especialistas le dicen que no saben porque realmente no pueden
predecir lo que su hijo va a ser capaz de hacer por varias razones. La primera razón se
remonta al hecho de que todos los niños con Síndrome de Down son diferentes al igual
que los niños sin Síndrome de Down son diferentes. Los médicos han sido capaces de
decirle lo que debe esperar con niños que no tienen Síndrome de Down, porque a pesar
de que cada niño es diferente, la mayoría de ellos han desarrollado un patrón similar de
desarrollo, que se representa en una gráfica en una línea similar. Esto hace que la
predicción de lo que un niño puede hacer sea más fácil si el niño no tiene ningún tipo de
necesidad de atención médica y/o problemas. Los niños con Síndrome de Down, sin
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embargo, no tienen un patrón establecido para el desarrollo de modo que cuando las
habilidades de cada niño se trazan en un gráfico, los puntos son tan dispersos por todos
lados, que no hay línea o patrón que se pueda exponer.
Una cosa que se ha descubierto es que, aunque los médicos saben que habrá algún
tipo de retraso mental, que ahora es más comúnmente conocido como retraso del
desarrollo, la mayoría de las personas con Síndrome de Down tienen retraso desde un
nivel muy leve a niveles moderados, o retraso mental, y pueden hacer la mayoría de cosas
que otros niños hacen. Como puede ver, ya que los individuos con Síndrome de Down se
desarrollan de manera diferente y porque no existe un modelo de desarrollo establecido,
lo que un niño puede hacer es muy difícil de predecir.
La segunda razón es en lo que respecta a la cantidad de riesgos relacionados con
la salud de un niño con Síndrome de Down puede tener y cómo los riesgos podrían tener
un efecto sobre sus experiencias. Por ejemplo, un niño que tiene un tono muscular bajo
puede tener dificultad para aprender a saltar. Se necesitará mucha terapia y experiencias
para fortalecer los músculos del estómago para que el niño pueda estar listo para saltar.
No quiere decir que el niño nunca va a saltar, porque la mayoría de los niños con
Síndrome de Down aprenderán a hacer muchas cosas que otros niños hacen, sólo que se
necesita mucho más tiempo para que éstos puedan aprender y mucho más trabajo arduo
para hacerlo.
Una tercera razón es que un niño con Síndrome de Down pudiera tener acceso a
todas las ayudas que necesita para tener las experiencias que le permitan hacer algo,
mientras que otro niño no. Los servicios y apoyos difieren de condado a condado y de
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distrito a distrito. Lo que un niño recibe puede que no sea lo que otro niño recibe, en base
al lugar donde viven. Por otra parte, un niño puede tener hermanos de quien aprender,
mientras que otro niño puede ser hijo único. Todas estas cosas pueden influir cómo se
pueda desarrollar un niño con Síndrome de Down.
Para la segunda parte de responder a esta pregunta, lo que se puede decir es que la
mayoría de los niños con Síndrome de Down finalmente serán capaces de hacer muchas
de las cosas que los niños “normales” pueden hacer, pero que podrían necesitar ayuda
adicional para hacerlo o más tiempo para desarrollarse. Los niños con Síndrome de Down
tendrán una comida favorita, juguete, película, libro, juego, y un amigo, etc. La mayoría
de los niños con Síndrome de Down podrán rodar, gatear, caminar, correr, saltar, trepar,
capturar, y tirar. Lo que se puede decir es que la mayoría de los niños con Síndrome de
Down serán capaces de alimentarse, vestirse, ir al baño de manera independiente,
limpiarse, y con el tiempo cuidar de sí mismos. A medida que los niños con Síndrome de
Down se convierten en adultos, la mayoría son capaces de vivir por su cuenta, entablar
relaciones, casarse, tener hijos, y mantener puestos de trabajo. Algunos adultos con
Síndrome de Down tienen carreras en computación, escuelas, tiendas, teatro, etc. Las
posibilidades para las personas con Síndrome de Down mejoran cada año a causa de los
servicios y apoyos que pueden recibir desde temprana edad.
A continuación se muestra una tabla de logros y habilidades comunes entre los
niños que tienen Síndrome de Down en comparación con los niños "normales". Esta lista
no es exhaustiva, pero le dará una idea de algunas cosas que puede esperar. Como puede
ver, tener la capacidad de comunicarse usando palabras, por ejemplo, se esperaría que un
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niño normal logre hacer esto alrededor de los 14 meses de edad. Un niño con Síndrome
de Down, sin embargo, pudiera empezar a hablar desde tan sólo 9 meses y tan tarde como
a los 30 meses. Este lapso de tiempo se basa en el nivel de necesidad de un niño y los
servicios y apoyos que se hayan implementado para satisfacer esa necesidad. Lo que se
puede decir con certeza es que la mayoría de las personas con Síndrome de Down
aprenderán a hablar y expresar sus ideas muy bien. Solo que ocurre a un ritmo más lento
que la mayoría.
Ahora que sé qué se puede esperar, ¿qué debo hacer y dónde puedo ir?
Esta pregunta se contesta mejor a partir de la historia de las personas con
Síndrome de Down, que se debatirá en la segunda parte de este manual.
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PARTE DOS
La ley que lo protege a usted y a su niño
Algunos antecedentes
Hay más de 3.000 discapacidades que afectan al desarrollo de los seres humanos.
El censo de los EE.UU. (2005) informa que en la actualidad hay 54 millones de personas
con discapacidades en América. Independientemente de la discapacidad, es bien sabido
que las personas necesitan más apoyo para incluirse con éxito en nuestra comunidad y
escuelas.
A lo largo de la historia los individuos con discapacidades han sido marginados
de la sociedad a nivel mundial. Desde el principio estas personas han sido privadas de la
alimentación adecuada, siendo enviadas al olvido, o asesinadas por ser diferentes. En la
época medieval se creía que estos individuos habían sido poseídos por los demonios y
muy a menudo eran colgados, decapitados o quemados en la hoguera. En otros países, era
legal que los padres asesinaran a sus niños y bebés. En algunos países sigue siendo legal
hacer esto aun hoy en el siglo XXI.
En la actualidad en los Estados Unidos y muchos otros países, las personas que
tienen discapacidades sufren muy a menudo a manos de sus padres y médicos que
realizan abortos legales. Para aquellos padres que han decidido cuidar de su hijo con
Síndrome de Down, la historia no lo ha hecho nada fácil. A principios de 1900, los
individuos eran enviados lejos de sus familias a las instituciones donde han sido objeto de
experimentos de laboratorio. A nivel mundial, muchas personas con discapacidades han
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sido inyectadas con medicamentos y virus experimentales para determinar los posibles
efectos de productos químicos en personas "normales" para el avance de la lucha química
y biológica. Mientras que en las instituciones, muchos han estado expuestos a descargas
de corrientes eléctricas para "librar" el cerebro de la enfermedad. Durante la Segunda
Guerra Mundial en la década de 1940, las personas con discapacidades, junto con los
judíos, gitanos, testigos de Jehová, y muchos otros fueron mantenidos en cautiverio,
asesinados y sus cuerpos fueron incinerados por Hitler y sus nazis, ya que no cumplían
con su expectativa de perfección.
En los Estados Unidos, la historia de las personas con discapacidad cambio
durante el movimiento de la igualdad. El fallo de la Suprema Corte en "The Brown vs.
Board of Education" de que las personas negras podían comenzar a asistir a escuelas con
la raza blanca, abrió las puertas para que muchos otros grupos de personas buscaran un
trato más igualitario. Entre este grupo de personas estaban padres y personas con
discapacidades. Su principal preocupación era luchar para que los niños con
discapacidades se criaran en casa y tuvieran mayor igualdad de oportunidades en la
comunidad. Mientras tanto la investigación sobre personas con discapacidades en las
instituciones, permitió a muchas personas darse cuenta sobre el maltrato hacia las
personas con discapacidades, especialmente los que tenían Síndrome de Down. Como
resultado, la Ley de Rehabilitación de 1973, fue la primera parte de legislación que
protegería los derechos de las personas con discapacidades, la cual decretó cerrar las
instituciones y, al mismo tiempo permitir que las personas con discapacidades tuvieran
más oportunidades de recibir una educación y recibir ayudas en la comunidad.
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¿Qué dice exactamente la Ley de Rehabilitación
(Rehabilitation Act) de 1973 y cómo me aplica a mí hoy?
Según la Ley de Wright, un recurso en línea para padres y profesionales, el fin de
la Ley de Rehabilitación de 1973 era "(...) maximizar el potencial de empleo, la
autosuficiencia económica, la independencia, la inclusión y la integración a la sociedad".
Cuando esta ley entró en vigor, muchos estados crearon escuelas especiales para personas
con discapacidades que tenían retraso mental. A menudo, estas escuelas estaban muy
lejos de su propio vecindario.
Como los padres siguieron luchando por más derechos para sus hijos en la
comunidad, los programas de las escuelas se convirtieron en el foco central de más
oportunidades para personas con discapacidades. Esto dio pie a una nueva ley llamada
"La Ley de Educación para Todos los Niños Discapacitados de 1975", que fue creada
para que las personas con discapacidades pudieran recibir una educación apropiada y
gratuita en las escuelas de su vecindario en lugar de ser enviados a "escuelas especiales"
para la "retrasados mentales". Esta ley era para personas con discapacidades de 3 años a
21 años de edad.
Con el fin de que esta ley fuera ejecutada, el gobierno federal comenzó a brindar
fondos sólo a aquellos estados que adoptaran la ley y cumplieran sus reglamentos.
Durante el tiempo que los estados reciban estos fondos del gobierno federal, su
obligación es cumplir con los requisitos para ofrecer a las personas con discapacidades
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una educación adecuada. Desde 1975, cada unos cuatro años, la ley es revisada para
cambiar o agregar más estatutos y reglamentos que los estados tienen que seguir. La ley
recibió otro nombre: Ley de Educación para Individuos con Discapacidades de 1990,
también conocida como PL 94-142 ó IDEA (por sus siglas en inglés.)
Con el tiempo, esta ley (IDEA) cambió para incluir la prestación de servicios a las
personas con discapacidades desde el nacimiento hasta los 21 años de edad, en lugar de al
principio de los 3 años. Debido a esto, la intervención temprana se definió como un
nuevo requisito de la ley. Esto simplemente significa que los bebés y niños pequeños
pueden recibir servicios y ayudas desde el momento en que nacen en lugar de esperar
hasta los 3 años de edad. Los estudios han hallado que mientras más temprano empiecen
a recibir programas y ayudas los niños, más podrán hacer en el futuro. Esta es la razón
por la que es importante que los padres conozcan sus derechos y los derechos de su hijo.
¿Qué es intervención temprana?
La intervención temprana es el concepto de que bebés y niños pequeños con
discapacidades reciban ayuda en el hogar y en la comunidad con la esperanza que los
efectos posteriores de la discapacidad serán mínimos. Por ejemplo, los estudios dicen que
los niños que reciben intervención temprana a temprana edad, parecen no necesitar de
tantas ayudas y servicios cuando son adultos y muchos de ellos son capaces de llevar
vidas independientes autosuficientes con una asistencia mínima. Programas de
intervención temprana ofrecen visitas a domicilio, terapia del habla y lenguaje, terapia
ocupacional, terapia física, terapia motora oral, terapia musical, enfermería de salud a
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domicilio, asesoramiento familiar, etc. Estos servicios suelen ser coordinados por centros
regionales, que se han creado como resultado de la Ley de Lanterman en 1977. Los
centros regionales se aseguran que las familias reciban un coordinador de servicios que
les ayudará a encontrar los servicios y apoyos en la comunidad, tales como un equipo de
profesionales de intervención temprana.
¿Por qué necesito saber acerca de la intervención temprana?
La intervención temprana es crítica para los niños con Síndrome de Down.
Aunque los servicios han existido desde hace casi cuatro décadas, los efectos de la
intervención temprana siguen siendo investigados y estudiados en la actualidad. Los
estudios han encontrado que debido a la intervención temprana, los niños con Síndrome
de Down son capaces de cumplir muchos logros del desarrollo que los niños "normales"
alcanzan a edades más tempranas. Más importante aún, se ha encontrado que la
intervención temprana también puede tener un gran impacto en la manera cómo los
individuos con Síndrome de Down son capaces de vivir y cuidar de sí mismos, como
tener puestos de trabajo y poder vivir de forma independiente. Sin estos servicios, la
investigación ha comprobado, que los individuos con Síndrome de Down no desarrollan
tantas de las muchas habilidades importantes que pudieran necesitar para llevar una vida
de calidad.
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¿Qué hago ahora?
Ahora que tiene una buena idea sobre la historia de las personas con
discapacidades, puede entender por qué hay leyes para protegerlos. Más
importantemente, estas leyes se han puesto en vigor para que las familias no se sientan
como si estuvieran solos en la crianza de un niño con necesidades especiales. Sin saber
acerca de las leyes, muchas familias no reciben algunos de los servicios y el apoyo que
desearían tener. Esto es sobre todo cierto para las familias que no hablan inglés, quienes
no tienen el acceso a la misma información y materiales, por lo cual, este manual ha sido
traducido a otros idiomas.
Más importante aún, sabiendo que hay servicios y apoyos disponibles para su
hijo, usted podrá ayudar a iniciar el proceso en cuanto antes. Cuanto más sepa, más podrá
asegurarse de que las agencias ofrezcan, por lo que son responsables ante la ley. Es
importante que aprendan acerca de los plazos, cuando se supone que las cosas tienen que
suceder y sobre su derecho a participar en cada parte del proceso. Puede encontrar más
información acerca de la ley en las bibliotecas locales, a través de nuestra línea de
asistencia del Centro de Recursos Familiares, de lo que hablaremos más adelante, y en
línea en www.wrightslaw.org.
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¿A qué te refieres en cuanto a plazos y por qué es importante
que yo esté involucrado si los profesionales saben lo que están
haciendo?
Los plazos de tiempo fueron establecidos como resultado de la Ley de Educación
para Individuos con Discapacidades. Fueron específicamente creados para que los
profesionales se vieran obligados a responder a las referencias para
servicios y apoyos lo más rápido posible. Cuanto más rápido se hace una recomendación
a las agencias, más rápido su hijo será atendido. Una vez que una familia contacta una
agencia para informarles que tiene un hijo con Síndrome de Down, a esto se le llama una
referencia. La información que en ocasiones es de índole personal será recopilada, para
que la persona que recibe la información pueda comprender cuales son las necesidades de
su hijo, de modo que la referencia sea enviada a las personas correspondientes. Después
que se hace una recomendación, la agencia tiene 15 días para solicitar su permiso para
realizar pruebas, que a menudo se les llama evaluaciones. Esto es importante porque sin
esta parte del proceso, será difícil que profesionales le digan lo que necesita su hijo y qué
servicios están disponibles para satisfacer las necesidades de su niño.
Una vez que firme el permiso para que los profesionales completen su análisis, la
agencia tiene 60 días para realizar las pruebas y reunirse con usted para hablar acerca de
un plan de como su hijo y familia contarán con el apoyo. Cuando esto sucede, usted tiene
el derecho a estar de acuerdo o en desacuerdo con cualquier información que haya sido
recopilada y con cualquier recomendación para servicios y ayudas. Si usted está de
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acuerdo con la oferta, usted debe firmar el documento legal para que los servicios puedan
comenzar. Es importante saber que una vez que firme el documento los servicios deben
comenzar inmediatamente, que es a menudo dentro de unos días, pero no más de una
semana. Porque la ley fue creada para proteger los derechos de las familias, no se puede
prestar ninguna prueba y servicio hasta que usted de su permiso.
Para las familias que no hablan inglés la ley dice que usted tiene el derecho a
pedir los materiales en su propio idioma y que su niño sea examinado y evaluado en su
propio idioma, que se le brinde un traductor o intérprete para ayudarle durante las
reuniones, y que los documentos sean escritos en su lengua materna. Esto es importante
porque a fin de que las necesidades de su niño se comprendan, una información exacta de
parte de los padres es importante sobre todo porque los padres siempre conocen a sus
hijos mucho más que cualquier profesional. Más importante aún, un niño no puede ser
capaz de completar tareas en un idioma que no entienda, porque los resultados de la
prueba no reflejarían las necesidades del niño con la precisión debida.
Ahora usted estará pensando probablemente, "Ahora que entiendo lo que es la
intervención temprana y por qué es importante para mi hijo, ¿dónde puedo ir para tener
acceso a estos servicios y apoyos?" Estas preguntas serán contestadas en la tercera parte
de este manual.
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PARTE TRES
Servicios y apoyos
Dependiendo de las necesidades de su bebé o niño, puede que usted tenga
necesidad de algunos de estos servicios o su totalidad. Sin importar su situación
socioeconómica actual, es altamente recomendable que se comunique con cada uno de
los siguientes programas y servicios y que les permita determinar si podría calificar y
cómo. Aunque hay excepciones a la regla, los estudios indican que mientras más
servicios y apoyo reciban las familias, más niños con necesidades especiales se equiparán
para alcanzar más logros del desarrollo y oportunidades de vida.
Seguro de Ingreso Suplementario (SSI)
Seguro de Ingreso Suplementario (SSI, por sus siglas en inglés) es un servicio
disponible a las familias que tienen un bebé o un niño con una condición que lo
incapacita, que se anticipa puede durar más de un año. Si su bebé o niño es elegible para
SSI, usted puede recibir ayuda financiera en forma de cheques mensuales por SSI, para
complementar sus ingresos mensuales actuales. La cantidad depende de la cantidad de
ingresos que usted recibe semanal, quincenal o mensualmente. Información de
elegibilidad se puede encontrar en la página http://www.ssa.gov/ssi/text-eligibilityussi.htm o puede llamar al 1-800-772-1213.
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Incluso si usted no piensa que va a calificar, lo mejor es ponerse en contacto con
este programa y comenzar un caso. Si por alguna razón la vida o las circunstancias le
impiden de continuar con el empleo o reducir sus horas de trabajo y sus ingresos, las
personas que tienen un caso con SSI podrán informar de los cambios y comenzar a recibir
ayuda. Las personas que califican para el SSI también reciben Medi-Cal
automáticamente.
El Medi-Cal
Debido a que su hijo nació con Síndrome de Down, automáticamente se considera
que, él o ella, tiene necesidades especiales de salud. Por tener tales necesidades su niño
califica para Medi-Cal, que es un programa de seguro medico financiado por el estado.
Hay tres maneras de calificar. Si su ingreso se encuentra por debajo de una cierta
cantidad, su hijo reúne los requisitos. Las personas con discapacidades califican bien en
función a sus ingresos, de forma automática por tener un caso abierto con SSI, o
mediante una exención de ingresos proporcionado por el Centro Regional de Alta
California, otro programa importante que se explicará más adelante. Medi-Cal
proporciona asistencia financiera para chequeos periódicos y atención médica especial.
Medi-Cal también presta servicios a las familias que tienen gastos médicos
pendientes, de bebés que requieren mucha atención médica, están en el hospital por más
de 30 días, y que tendrán necesidades médicas por más de un año. Debido a las
circunstancias especiales de su hijo, un trabajador utilizara distintos medios para ayudarle
a calificar en base a sus ingresos.
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NOTA: El condado en que usted recibe Medi-Cal tiene que estar donde usted vive y
su médico debe estar ubicado en ese condado. Por ejemplo, no se puede tener MediCal del Condado de Yolo y ver a un médico en el Condado de Sacramento. La única
forma en que pueden vivir en un condado y ver a un médico de otro, es si su hijo
recibe Servicios para los Niños de California, también conocida como CCS por sus
siglas en inglés, o si su hijo tiene un seguro privado, donde Medi-Cal puede ser
utilizado como un segundo plan de seguro. Si Medi-Cal se utiliza como un segundo
plan de seguro, Medi-Cal será capaz de encargarse de cualquier copago o cualquier
tipo de balance sobrante de la primera compañía de seguros.
Para más información sobre elegibilidad llame a la oficina de Sacramento al 916-5529200. Ellos podrán ayudarle aún más, en caso de que usted necesite un número alterno
para su área.
Servicios para los Niños de California (CCS)
Servicios para los Niños de California, o CCS por sus siglas en inglés, es un
programa estatal que organiza, guías, y paga por atención médica, equipamiento y
rehabilitación, cuando estos servicios han sido aprobados por el programa. Los servicios
pueden ser aprobados para niños y adultos jóvenes menores de 21 años de edad que
tienen condiciones médicas elegibles y cuyas familias no pueden pagar la totalidad o
parte de su atención. Sin embargo, es importante que usted sepa que la CCS no es un
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programa de seguro médico. No va a satisfacer todas las necesidades de salud del niño,
sólo las relacionadas con la condición de elegible de CCS. El programa es financiado por
el estado, condado y dinero de los impuestos federales, junto con algunas cuotas pagadas
por los padres.
Extraído de su folleto, si su hijo califica para este servicio, CCS puede pagar o
proveer los siguientes servicios:
 Tratamientos: tales como consultas médicas, hospitalización y atención quirúrgica,
terapia física (PT) y terapia ocupacional (OT), pruebas de laboratorio, radiografías,
aparatos ortopédicos y equipo médico.
 Manejo de Caso Clínico para ayudar a médicos especialistas y cuidar de su hijo
cuando sea médicamente necesario, y referirlo a otras agencias, incluyendo
enfermería de salud pública y centros regionales.
 Programa de Terapia Médica (MTP, por sus siglas en inglés), que puede
proporcionar terapia física y/o terapia ocupacional en algunas escuelas públicas para
niños que califican médicamente para estos servicios.
Para obtener más información para ver si usted califica o para información más a
fondo acerca de las condiciones médicas que están cubiertas por CCS, consulte su folleto
que se puede encontrar en el Departamento de Servicios a la Salud en
http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/ccs o llame a la oficina de Sacramento en el 916-8759900 para obtener información y números de teléfono de otros lugares del estado. La
información sobre otros lugares y números también se pueden encontrar en la página
web.
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Centro Regional de Alta California
Este quizás sea uno de los programas más importantes ofrecido a las personas con
Síndrome de Down y otras discapacidades, con cual usted debe ponerse en contacto. Hay
por lo menos 21 centros regionales en todo California. Ofrecen varios servicios tales
como, pero no limitado a, consejería, la planificación individualizada para toda la vida y
coordinación de servicios, la prestación de asistencia para encontrar y usar recursos de la
comunidad, hablar para proteger los derechos legales, civiles, y a servicios de
intervención temprana, apoyo familiar, planificación, colocación y seguimiento de las 24
horas de atención domiciliaria, etc. Para calificar, la discapacidad debe haber comenzado
antes del cumpleaños 18 de la persona y debe esperarse que continúe por un monto no
claro de tiempo y su hijo debe tener una de las siguientes condiciones:
7. Retraso Mental
8. Parálisis Cerebral
9. Epilepsia
10. Autismo
11. Cualquier condición de discapacidad que esté relacionada con retraso mental
o que requiera tratamientos similares
12. Bebés y niños pequeños (de nacimiento a 36 meses) que están en riesgo de
convertirse en discapacitados en su desarrollo o que tienen un retraso en el
desarrollo.
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Los individuos con Síndrome de Down suelen calificar en la categoría de retraso
mental debido a la probabilidad de tener necesidades de desarrollo de leves a moderadas.
Cuando un niño se convierte en miembro del Centro Regional de Alta California, él o ella
será un miembro de por vida. El Centro Regional de Alta, es responsable de proporcionar
los servicios y programas que su hijo necesita para vivir lo más normal posible. Algunos
de los servicios que ofrecen son:
 Entrenamiento para la familia, consejería, y visitas a domicilio
 Apoyo de padres a padres
 Instrucción especial
 Servicios Psicológicos
 Servicios de guardería proporciona una cierta cantidad de horas por trimestre,
para que una familia pueda recibir servicios de guardería de cualquier
persona que los padres deseen. Puede ser de una agencia o simplemente un
amigo de confianza o un familiar.
 La coordinación de servicios centrados en la familia
 Terapia ocupacional, física y del habla y lenguaje
 Servicios médicos necesarios que no están cubiertos por la cobertura del
seguro
 Servicios de Enfermería
 Servicios de Nutrición
 Servicios de salud especializados
 Audiología (audición)
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 Dispositivos de asistencia tecnología o servicios
 Transporte y gastos conexos necesarios para que un niño reciba servicios de
intervención temprana.
Aparte de recibir servicios a través de su distrito escolar local, éste será el
proveedor de servicios más importante que tener, porque le va a ayudar a su hijo desde el
nacimiento hasta la muerte. Hoy día, la agencia ofrece un gran apoyo para las personas
que quieren vivir de forma independiente por su cuenta. Más información acerca del
Centro Regional de Alta California se encuentra en su página web,
http://www.altaregional.org/index.cfm, o llamando a la oficina de Sacramento en el 916978-6400. Para las personas que residen en otros condados distintos de Sacramento se
puede encontrar una lista de centros regionales en su área mediante el acceso a el sitio
web mencionado o llamando a la oficina de Sacramento para obtener una lista de otros
centros y números.
Centro de Recursos Familiares Warmline
El Centro de Recursos Familiares Warmline proporciona información, educación
y apoyo para padres y profesionales que intervienen con niños pequeños que tienen
necesidades especiales. Los servicios incluyen una biblioteca de recursos, padres
apoyando a padres, información de educación, y un boletín trimestral. Su sitio web
describe los próximos eventos Warmline tales como conferencias, reuniones de grupo, y
noches de información para padres. Si usted tiene algún tipo de problema o necesita
asesoramiento, los representantes del Centro de Recursos Familiares Warmline le dan la
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bienvenida y le ayudarán de la mejor manera posible. También se le indicara cuáles son
las leyes que protegen a su hijo y los derechos de cada padre tiene. Usted puede solicitar
que lo coloquen en la lista de eventos y para recibir el boletín trimestral.
Este centro de recursos es importante porque proporciona a las familias con
información actualizada sobre los servicios y apoyos en la comunidad. Lo más
importante, el centro le ayudará a entender sus derechos y los derechos de su hijo, para
que pueda asegurarse de que su hijo está recibiendo todo lo que él o ella necesita. No hay
requisitos para calificar. El sitio web se puede encontrar en http://warmlinefrc.org o
puede llamar al 1-800-660-7995.
Programas de desarrollo infantil
Los programas de desarrollo infantil están ubicados en todo el estado de
California. Ellos atienden a niños con necesidades especiales desde el nacimiento hasta
los tres años que corresponden a las categorías siguientes:
1. 50% de retraso en un área de desarrollo
2. retrasos del 25% en dos áreas de desarrollo
3. Síndromes identificados
4. Únicamente baja incidencia: visual, la audición o impedimento ortopédico,
sordera, ceguera, o una combinación de cualquiera de las discapacidades
anteriormente mencionadas.
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Algunos programas de desarrollo infantil extienden sus servicios a los niños que
están en riesgo de discapacidades del desarrollo en una o más áreas de desarrollo. Los
niños que no tienen necesidades muestran desarrollo en diferentes áreas. Ellas son:
1. Psicomotricidad: Motricidad gruesa (capacidad para caminar, correr, saltar,
etc.), Motricidad fina (capacidad de usar los dedos y las manos), y
Motricidad sensorial (capacidad de usar los ojos, nariz, boca, dedos, y
escuchar para aprender)
2. Cognitivo (la capacidad de pensar y razonar)
3. Social o emocional (la capacidad para interactuar con otros)
4. Habla y el lenguaje (comunicación)
5. Adaptativa o de autoayuda (todas esas cosas que hacemos independiente,
como vestirse/desvestirse, alimentarse, cepillarse los dientes, etc.)
Los niños con necesidades especiales, incluso los que tienen Síndrome de Down,
pueden mostrar signos de desarrollo más lento en una o más de estas áreas. El programa
de desarrollo infantil ayuda a proporcionar servicios a las familias y los niños para ayudar
a niños con necesidades especiales a desarrollarse en esas áreas más rápido de lo que lo
harían sin ninguna ayuda. Algunos servicios que prestan son visitas periódicas a
domicilio, maestros para bebés y niños pequeños, terapia ocupacional, terapia del habla y
lenguaje, terapia física, terapia motora oral, terapia de nutrición, etc. Por lo tanto, es muy
importante ponerse en contacto con el programa de desarrollo infantil de su localidad.
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Aunque hay programas de desarrollo infantil por todo el estado de California, la
información de contacto para el Condado de Sacramento es 916-228-3952. Ellos podrán
dirigirle a la lista de números del área de su localidad.
Muchos de estos servicios ofrecen los mismos programas. ¿Por
qué es importante que sepa acerca de todos ellos, si puedo
conseguir los mismos servicios llamando a sólo uno o un par de
ellos?
Cada programa tiene una manera particular para determinar cómo un niño califica
para servicios y cuales servicios son apropiados. Lo que una agencia piensa sobre a que
tiene derecho su hijo, no es necesariamente lo que otra agencia va a pensar. Algunos
servicios pueden ser proporcionados por una agencia, mientras que otra agencia
proporcionará otros servicios que la otra no. Al llamar a todas las agencias, usted puede
asegurarse de que su hijo está recibiendo todos los servicios para los que califica.
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PARTE CUATRO
LITERATURA RECOMENDADA PARA MÁS
INFORMACIÓN
Este manual está destinado a servir como una referencia rápida para ayudar a las
familias de inmediato. Hay muchos más recursos allá afuera que tienen información más
profunda sobre el Síndrome de Down. Para ayudarle en su búsqueda, es posible que desee
echa un vistazo a los siguientes recursos en la biblioteca o ver si están disponibles en el
Centro de Recursos Warmline. También puede adquirirlos en las librerías locales si están
en los estantes o solicitando que ordenen una copia para usted. Desafortunadamente, la
mayoría de los recursos a continuación sólo están escritos en inglés.
Tenga en cuenta que hay muchos recursos que no están en mi lista, pero que esta
lista servirá como un buen comienzo para ayudarle a prepararse para su hijo.
Babies with Down Syndrome: A New Parent’s Guide
Editado por Susan J. Skallerup
Tercera edición, 2008 Woodbine House
Este libro es una referencia completa para las familias que desean obtener más
información acerca de los primeros cinco años de su hijo. Proporciona información
detallada sobre el Síndrome de Down: lo que es, los tipos de problemas médicos
relacionados, información sobre la atención diaria, vida familiar, y cómo se desarrollan
los individuos con Síndrome de Down. También proporciona mucha más información
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sobre la intervención temprana y los derechos legales, así como posibles obstáculos que
puede enfrentar y cómo puede superarlos.
Expecting Adam: A True Story of Birth, Rebirth, and Everyday Magic
Por Martha Beck
2000 Berkley Trade
Este libro trata sobre una pareja de Harvard que descubre que el bebé que van a tener
tiene Síndrome de Down. Su historia habla de las posibles respuestas emocionales para
padres esperando bebe y comparte un vistazo a la lucha de una familia para tomar
decisiones de vida, mientras que llegan a aceptar que su hijo nacerá con una
discapacidad.
Gifts: Mothers Reflect on How Children with Down Syndrome Enrich
their Lives
Editado por Kathryn Lynard Soper
2007 Woodbine House
Este libro es una colección de 63 cuentos cortos, de madres que dieron a luz a niños con
Síndrome de Down. Las experiencias varían para compartir historias de niños recién
nacidos, niños pequeños, niños en edad preescolar, los niños en edad escolar,
adolescentes y adultos. Cada historia es única y comparte visión a una variedad de
emociones que sienten los padres que crían a los niños con Síndrome de Down. Algunas
historias son tristes y otros felices, divertidas y emocionantes. Independientemente de lo
que esté sintiendo, este libro probablemente tienen historias que se relacionan con sus
emociones. En 2009 otras historias fueron recopiladas por varias otras madres para
compartir aún más experiencias.
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Down (Syndrome) But Not Out: A Journey from Grief to Joy
Por Joyce Sampson
2007 Pleasant Word: A division of WinePress Publishing
Este libro trata sobre un individuo llamado Craig, que tiene Síndrome de Down. El libro
es acerca de sus experiencias con la familia mientras se enfrenta a muchos desafíos. El
libro le guiará por cada paso de su vida, desde problemas médicos hasta la educación y
retos post educativos.
A Special Kind of Hero: Chris Burke’s Own Story
Por Jo Beth McDaniel
2001 IUniverse
Este libro trata de Chris Burke, un individuo que fue diagnosticado con Síndrome Down.
Tres capítulos del libro fueron escritos en sus propias palabras. Chris Burke es un actor y
jugó el papel de Corky en la serie, "Life Goes On." A través de la lectura de este libro,
usted puede dar un vistazo de la vida de una persona con Síndrome de Down desde la
propia perspectiva de éste.
Counting Us In: Growing Up with Down Syndrome
Por Jason Kingsley and Mitchell Levitz
2007 Harvest Books
Este libro trata de dos jóvenes con Síndrome de Down. Ellos comparten su perspectiva
sobre la vida con Síndrome de Down y cómo han sido tratados a comparación de cómo se
sienten. También hablan sobre sus experiencias en ser independientes, incluyendo a
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casarse y tener hijos. El libro está escrito con sus patrones de lenguaje, pero se da una
visión global de lo que es vivir con el Síndrome de Down.
Early Communication Skills for Children with Down Syndrome: A
Guide for Parents and Professionals
Por Libby Kumin
2003 Woodbine House
Este libro sirve como una guía de información para el desarrollo del lenguaje en los bebés
y niños pequeños con Síndrome de Down. La exposición temprana a la palabra y el
lenguaje es crítico para el desarrollo de otras habilidades de desarrollo tales como la
capacidad de pensar y razonar.
Gross Motor Skills in Children with Down Syndrome: A Guide for
Parents and Professionals
Por Patricia C. Winders
1997 Woodbine House
Este libro fue escrito por un terapeuta físico real para ayudar a las familias y los
profesionales de responder mejor a las necesidades motrices de los niños con Síndrome
de Down. El libro ofrece numerosas sugerencias y actividades para apoyar un mayor
crecimiento en los niños con Síndrome de Down.
Fine Motor Skills in Children with Down Syndrome: A Guide for
Parents and Professionals
Por Maryanne Bruni
Segunda edición 2006 Woodbine House
Este libro fue escrito por una terapeuta ocupacional real, que también tiene un
adolescente con Síndrome de Down. El libro explica las necesidades de desarrollo de los
niños con Síndrome de Down y se desglosa la terminología utilizada por la mayoría de
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los terapeutas ocupacionales. El libro también ofrece una variedad de sugerencias y
actividades para hacer en casa.
The Down Syndrome Nutrition Handbook: A Guide to Promoting
Healthy Lifestyles
Por Joan Guthrie Medlen
Segunda edición 2006 Phronesis Publishing
Este libro ofrece información detallada sobre las varias diferentes necesidades
nutricionales y de salud de los niños con Síndrome de Down. Ayuda a apoyar a las
familias a darles a sus hijos un estilo de vida saludable y la información sobre la manera
de abordar potenciales insuficiencias relacionadas con la nutrición y la salud.
Teaching Children with Down Syndrome To Read: A Guide for Parents
and Teachers
Por Patricia Logan Oelwein
1995 Woodbine House
Este libro ofrece muchos recursos y actividades para que los padres enseñen a su hijo a
leer en casa, así como también ofrece información para ayudarle a asegurarse que le estén
enseñando a leer correctamente en la escuela a su niño.
Teaching Math to People with Down Syndrome and Other Hands On
Learners: Basic Survival Skills
Por DeAnna Horstmeier
2004 Woodbine House
Este libro ofrece muchos recursos y actividades para padres y profesionales y puedan
enseñarles a niños con Síndrome de Down los bloques más importantes y fundamentos en
las habilidades matemáticas. Hay dos volúmenes de este libro. El primer libro enseña las
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habilidades básicas de matemáticas, mientras que el segundo libro enseña matemáticas
más avanzadas y las habilidades necesarias para una vida independiente.
Sitios Web Informativos Elementales
En un esfuerzo de ayudarle a estar conectado a la mejor información y la más precisa
acerca del Síndrome de Down, los siguientes sitios web ofrecen el mejor apoyo a las
familias.
National Down Syndrome Society
www.ndss.org
Esta organización ofrece a los padres con información actualizada sobre la investigación
individuos con Síndrome de Down. Los padres son animados a visitar este sitio y
familiarizarse con su contenido.
National Down Syndrome Congress
www.ndsccenter.org
Este sitio web ofrece membrecía a las familias y los individuos con Síndrome de Down.
Al ser miembros, las familias tendrán acceso a boletines de noticias y próximos eventos
relacionados con Síndrome de Down en todo el país.
Down Syndrome Information Alliance
www.downsyndromeinfo.org
Esta es una organización creada por padres que tienen niños con Síndrome de Down. La
organización provee a los padres con información sobre eventos en la comunidad y apoyo
de padres a padres, así como información sobre la investigación y la literatura que más
puede beneficiar a los padres y las personas con Síndrome de Down.
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Downs Ed International
http://www.downsed.org/en/gb/default.aspx
Ed Downs Internacional es una organización líder en investigación que encabeza las
investigaciones actuales sobre cómo aprenden los niños con Síndrome de Down. En su
web podrá encontrar información y recursos para ayudar a su hijo a continuar
aprendiendo y creciendo. Ed Downs Internacional ha abierto recientemente una tienda
llamada Ed Downs EE.UU. para que los padres y los profesionales puedan adquirir las
últimas investigaciones y material didáctico para ayudar a fomentar la mejor educación
posible para niños con Síndrome de Down.
Wright’s Law: Información acerca de leyes y derechos
http://wrightslaw.com
En “Wright’s Law” los padres encuentran información acerca de la ley y sus derechos.
Los padres también pueden encontrar información sobre casos judiciales en curso para
que sepan si el veredicto puede proteger más a sus hijos y sus derechos.
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Libros infantiles para Personas con Síndrome de Down
La siguiente lista de libros infantiles, son buenos para la lectura a personas con Síndrome
de Down, hermanos y amigos.
My Friend has Down Syndrome
Por Jennifer Moor-Mallinos
Hi! I’m Ben and I’ve Got a Secret!
Por Julie A. Bouwkamp
My Friend Isabelle
Por Eliza Wolosen
We’ll Paint the Octopus Red
Por S.A. Boden
I Can, Can You?
Por Marjorie W. Pitzer
Don’t Call Me Special: A First Look at Disabilities
Por Pat Thomas
My Up and Down and All Around Book
Por Marjorie W. Pitzer
We Can Do It!
Por Lara Dwight
Our Brother Has Down Syndrome
Por Shelly Cairo
The Best Worst Brother
Por Stephanie Stuve-Boden
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Down Syndrome: A Comprehensive
Handbook for Parents and Families
(Russian Version)
Π’Π‘Π’Π£ΠŸΠ›Π•ΠΠ˜Π•
РашСлл ШоклСй
ОсСнью 1999 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° я Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° свою ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ Π² ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ УнивСрситСтС
Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π‘Π°ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎ. Π― записалась Π½Π° Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ
ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ. НСсколько мСсяцСв Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄ Π΄ΠΎ этого я ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡ΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΡ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΡŽΡŽ ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρƒ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
Бвятого Π€Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ·Π° Π² Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π‘Π°ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎ, ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΡ; ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ 18 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. Π―
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Ρ‚Π°Π»Π° ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ студСнтов, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Π»Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ. ΠœΠΎΡ‘ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Ρ‹Ρ…Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
ΡƒΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ повлияло Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡ‘ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ. Π’
сСрСдинС ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сСмСстра я ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ»Π° Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ я стану ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡŒΡŽ. И, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎ
врСмя я Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Π»Π° Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ стану ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡŒΡŽ Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠ° с Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎ
ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ я Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Π»Π°.
НСсмотря Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ я ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»Π° Π² срСднСй школС, ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅
Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ мСня ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΆΡƒ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠΊΡƒ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ успСху, я
Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π° Π½ΠΈ ΠΊ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡƒ, ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ‘Ρ‚ моя Тизнь сСгодня, Π½ΠΈ ΠΊ
ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ возмоТностям для Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈ. По ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΄Π΅
говоря, ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΎ дСтях с особыми Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ
курсы ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΌΡ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ ΡƒΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ возмоТностях
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становлСния родитСлями Π² слишком ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ возрастС, Ρ€Π°Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ это Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ
Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, прСдставлСниС Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ мСня, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ
Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ρƒ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΉ 35 Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ возраста ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅, ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ
ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚, ΠΈ, ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ ΡΡŽΡ€ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ΅.
Π’ΡΡŽ свою Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ я Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π° алкоголь, ΠΊΠΎΡ„Π΅ΠΈΠ½,
Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΊΡƒΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π°. Π― ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π° Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ для Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ дСнь ΠΈ
слСдила Π·Π° своим Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΠ΅ΠΌ. Π― Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ 1.5 ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ
ΠΏΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π² нСдСлю ΠΈ садилась Π·Π° Ρ€ΡƒΠ»ΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ссли Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΎ. Π£Π»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΡƒΠΊ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ для Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π―
Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ. К Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρƒ мСня Π² родствС Π½Π΅Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ
прСдрасполоТСнностСй ΠΊ инвалидности ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ заболСваниям; поэтому Ρƒ
Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΆΠ΅.
Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя я Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»Π° Π² супСрмаркСтС Raley’s ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Ρ†ΠΎΠΌ. Когда я Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π³Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ мСсяцС бСрСмСнности, я помню ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π»Π° своСй Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ с
коляской для ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΏΠΎΠΊ. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ дСнь я Π΅ΠΉ сказала, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ “ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ-Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ с Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ”.
Она посмотрСла Π½Π° мСня ΠΈ спросила: “Π§Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ? Как Ρ‚Ρ‹ моТСшь Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ
ΡƒΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°? Π‘ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ всё Π² порядкС?” Π― просто посмотрСла Π½Π° Π½Π΅Ρ‘ ΠΈ сказала: “ CΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
всё Π² порядкС, Π½ΠΎ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ-Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ. Π― это Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽ!”. Она спросила Ρƒ мСня ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ
сказал Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° я Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π½Π° осмотрС. Π― Π΅ΠΉ рассказала, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°
всСгда ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ мСня Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠ° всё Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ². Моя
знакомая ΡƒΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π° мСня Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ с ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ всё Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ я
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ΠΎΡ‚Π΄ΠΎΡ…Π½ΡƒΠ»Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΉΠ΄Ρƒ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ. Π“Π΄Π΅-Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ спустя я ΡƒΡˆΠ»Π° с Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅,
Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρƒ мСня Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ схватки. НСдСлю спустя, ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€
сказал ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ для пониТСния уровня стрСсса. К ΡΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, я выносила
Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ срок.
25 июля 2000 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° я ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ½ΡƒΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ увСрСнная Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ мСня сСгодня
родится Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΎΠΊ, нСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ мСня Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ схваток. Π Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½
Π±Ρ‹Π» Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ 24 июля. ΠœΡ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Ρƒ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ Π΄Π²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Π΄Ρ†Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ часов дня. Π£
мСня Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ раскрытиС ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Π΅ сантимСтра. Мои Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 7:30
Π²Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π°, ΠΈ ΠΊ 8:30 я Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° красивая ΠΈ драгоцСнная Π΄Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ°; ΠΌΡ‹ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΅Ρ‘
ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½. Π― Π½Π΅ помню ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΎ послС Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ мСня
сильно трясло ΠΈ я потСряла ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. Моя Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π°
мСдсёстрами ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‡Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π― Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π»Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ΄, Π½Π΅
понимая Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ это Π½Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ. ПозТС, Π½Π° фотографиях, ΠΌΠ½Π΅ ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ
Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π² кислородС ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ сразу послС роТдСния.
Когда ΠΌΠ½Π΅ стало Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅, я смогла ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ свою Π΄ΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π·. Π― посчитала
всС Π΅Ρ‘ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠ°Ρ…, ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ срСди
новоиспСчСнных Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π― Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Π»Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ мСня Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ волнСния побольшС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ
нСдостаток ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ‡ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅.
Как Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ мСня ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΠ΅ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ,
нас ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ для сна. Когда я посмотрСла Π½Π° ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½, я помню
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π»Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π² своСй ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. Π― полюбила Π΅Ρ‘
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с Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΡƒΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°, ΠΈ я Π³ΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ этим. Π’ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡ‡ΡŒΡŽ я ΠΏΠΎΠΎΠ±Π΅Ρ‰Π°Π»Π° Π΅ΠΉ,
Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ я Π±ΡƒΠ΄Ρƒ самой Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ: я всСгда Π±ΡƒΠ΄Ρƒ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‰Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΅Ρ‘ ΠΎΡ‚ Π·Π»Π° Π² этом ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅
Π΄Π°ΠΌ Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠΌΡƒ с Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ. По ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡƒΠ΄ΡŒΠ±Ρ‹, Π² Ρ‚Ρƒ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡƒΡŽ Π½ΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ, ΠΌΠΎΠΉ
ΠΌΡƒΠΆ спросил Ρƒ мСня:” Π’Π΅Π±Π΅ Π½Π΅ каТСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ наш Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΎΠΊ выглядит Π½Π΅ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ? НС
каТСтся Π»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Π±Π΅, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠΆΠ° Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ? Π’Ρ‹ знаСшь...людСй Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ²?”. Π―
ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π°: “ ΠšΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ‚! Она Π±Π΅Π·ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Π°! Она ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠΆΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°
ΠΎΠ½ родился, сморщСнныС ΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ всё!” Π•Π³ΠΎ вопрос Π²Ρ‹Π²Π΅Π» мСня ΠΈΠ· сСбя, особСнно
бСзчувствСнныС слова “ люди Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½Ρ‹”, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ-Ρ‚ΠΎ, Π° Π½Π΅
самим сСбС. Для мСня моя Π΄ΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. Она Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠΌ
Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π±Π΅Π· нСдостатков. Для Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… людСй ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π½Π΅ такая ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ всС.
На ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎ нас попривСтствовал ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€. Он Π±Ρ‹Π» нашим сСмСйным
Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‡ΠΎΠΌ. Он Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ с Ρ‚Π΅Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ€ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ я Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° малСнькой Π΄Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΠ½ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅
Π±Ρ‹Π» Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°. Когда ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Π΅ΠΌ, Ρƒ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡƒΠ·Π΅Π»
Π² ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ. Наш ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ спас Π΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ» ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
ΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°ΡΡΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ больной: ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ
Π΅Π΄Ρƒ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΎ нСсколько Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ ΠΌΠΎΠ³
ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π² любой ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚. Π’ Ρ‚Ρƒ Π½ΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ наш ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π» Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· всю
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Ρƒ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ, попросив Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΡƒ, взял Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΡ…
Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ подписи Π½Π° ΡΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, Π½Π΅ объясняя Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ
Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° это, ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ; ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠΌ родитСлям ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡˆΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ, Π½Π΅ зная Π·Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ сдСлано. Мои Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ подписали
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Π±ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Π·Ρ‘Π½ Π² ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ для срочной ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ для
устранСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹.
ΠžΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡΡΡŒ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄, я ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΡƒΠΌΡ€Ρ‘Ρ‚, Ссли Π½Π΅
Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ сдСлана опСрация ΠΈ, обойдясь Π±Π΅Π· Π»ΠΈΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… объснСний, спасли Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Тизнь. Π’Ρ€ΠΈ
Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ спустя Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌ “ΠŸΠΎΠ»Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π³Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚”, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ
малСнькая Π΄Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ° ΡƒΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹, какая Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°. Π‘
Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дня наш ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ стал ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· людСй, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΌΡ‹ стали Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ поэтому ΠΎΠ½
Π±Ρ‹Π» Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π½ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½. По Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅ я Π²Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π»Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ
Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π² Π½Ρ‘ΠΌ, ΠΎΠ½Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° особСнная ΠΈ Π΅ΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π» Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ особый ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ΄,
ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ спСциалист.
Π’ любом случаС, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ Π²ΠΎΡˆΡ‘Π» ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ ΠΈ спросил ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρƒ мСня
Π΄Π΅Π»Π°. Π― сказала, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ мСня всё Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ. Он Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ» какая ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ красивая, Π°
Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ сказал: “ Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ! ΠœΡ‹ Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ - Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ,
поэтому я ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡŽΡΡŒ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ хромосомный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π²Ρ‹ всё Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ΡΡŒ
Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π΅, ΠΈ я Ρ…ΠΎΡ‡Ρƒ ΡƒΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ вас Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· нСдСлю. Π•ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π»ΠΈ Ρƒ тСбя ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ вопросы?”
Π’Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈ я Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΡˆΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π°, Ρƒ мСня Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ… эмоций, Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ тяТСло. Π―
сказала, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ мСня Π½Π΅Ρ‚ вопросов, Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΡƒΡˆΡ‘Π», Ρƒ мСня появились сотни
вопросов. Π₯ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ всСго, Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π΅ Π½Π΅ нашлось Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π±Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ
Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ это Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚, ΠΈ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ. Π― ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»Π° Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ: Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ
ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΡ‡Π΅, боясь смСрти, ΠΈ Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΅Ρ‘ Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ сильнСС. Π’Ρ€ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ спустя
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ» Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·, Ρƒ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ – Tрисомия 21 ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ.
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Π― Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°ΡŽ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ мСня Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ вопросов, Π½Π°
ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹. Около ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈ мСсяцСв спустя, ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎ-Ρ‚ΠΎ
постучал Π² Π΄Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Ρ‹. КакиС-Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡˆΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ
ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ бСрСмСнности ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π΅ роТдСния ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½. Π― Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ
остороТна ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ…ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ с Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΠΌΠΈ
людьми. Π― сказала ΠΈΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡΡŒ Π² ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ. Π£ мСня Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ
мысли, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ хотят ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½. Π― Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π»Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡˆΠ»ΠΈ ΡƒΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ мСня
ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ учрСТдСния, ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… я Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° Π² ΠΌΠΎΠΈΡ…
ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… пособиях. Π― ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ с любовью Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, нСсмотря Π½ΠΈ
Π½Π° Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° просто Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ.
На Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡˆΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹. Какая-Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… Π±Ρ‹Π»Π°
ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ мСдсСстрой ΠΈ другая прСдставитСлСм ΠΈΠ· мСста Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°. Π―
Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ³Π°Π΄Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ ΠΎ сущСствовании ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ мСдсСстры ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ для
Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊ. Они ΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ услуги, Π½ΠΎ я Π½Π΅
ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π° ваТности этих посСщСний ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… услуг. Π― Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π»Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ просто
Π·Π°Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρƒ мСня врСмя ΠΈ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ это просто являСтся Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² мою Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ Тизнь.
К Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΆΠ΅ я Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π»Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ всС Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ касаСтся ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ это ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ. Π― помню
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ спросила Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡˆΡŽΡ€Ρƒ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡ… услугах. И патронаТная
мСдсСстра помСнялась Π² Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅ ΠΈ сказала, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΡ… Π½Π΅Ρ‚. Они Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡƒΡŽ-Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρƒ ΠΎ
ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΊΡƒ с многочислСнной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ я Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π°. Они
ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ снова ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ свои услуги ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅ я подписала ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π±ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π³ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ я Ρ‚ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π°. ВсС Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ я Π·Π½Π°Π»Π° это Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ я согласилась
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ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-Ρ‚ΠΎ услуги для ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ люди Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ
ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎ сущСствовании ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ я Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ³Π°Π΄Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅
Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π° для Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½Π°.
Π‘ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ, каТдая вторая нСдСля Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ-Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
Нас посСщала мСдсСстра для ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ, Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ
тСрапист ΠΈ патронаТная мСдсСстра. ΠŸΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ мСдсСстра сказала ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ Π½Π΅Π΅
Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ сын с особыми Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° я Π²Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ…Π½ΡƒΠ»Π° с ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π― Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π°
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΅ΠΉ вопросы ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π° с ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° я спросила Ρƒ
Π½Π΅Π΅:”Π§Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ смоТСт Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ,?” Она посмотрСла Π½Π° мСня ΠΈ сказала:” Π― Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρƒ
ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ я Π½Π΅ знаю.” Π― Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ·Π»ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ думая Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚: ” Π²Ρ‹ люди
ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ, Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ всС эти Π²Π΅Ρ‰ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΡŽ нСдСлю ΠΈ
Π²Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ смоТСт Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½? К Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ
особСнного, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ дСлаю я. Π― ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽ с Π½Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ€Π°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽ с Π½Π΅ΠΉ, пою Π΅ΠΉ”. Π’ΠΎ
всСм этом Π½Π΅ смысла. Π― Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ·Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° этого Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚.
Но я ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π»Π° Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ: “ΠšΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ ΠΈ спСциалаист с ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ я
Ρ€Π°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅:” Π― Π½Π΅ знаю. “ΠŸΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡŽΡ‚? Они
ΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°! Они Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ с Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ моя Π΄ΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ дСнь. ΠšΡ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ
Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ я Π½Π΅ знаю?”
Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ вопросы Π²Ρ‹Π½ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ мСня Π²Π·ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ классы Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅. Π―
взяла всС ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ классы ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ. Π― Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΈΠ»Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ссли Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΈ
спСциалисты Π½Π΅ сиогли ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΈ вопросы, я Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½ΠΈ стало.
ΠŸΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ взятый ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ класс фокусировал Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊ
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ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ люди относят Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с “Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ” Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠŸΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅
Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΎ дСтях с особыми Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. К ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ послСднСго класса я Π±Ρ‹Π»Π°
ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π·Π»Π°. Π― спросила Ρƒ своСго прСподаватСля ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΡ‹ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΎ
дСтяз Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ моя Π΄ΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ. Она сказала ΠΌΠ½Π΅: “ΠœΡ‹ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠΌ студСнтов Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ
достиТСниям Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ. Π’Ρ‹ Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡˆΡŒΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π΅Π±Π΅ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ
Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² Особом ΠžΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ!” Π‘Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° я Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ·Π»ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ. Π― ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ почувствовала ясноС
Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ с своСй собствСнной ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ общСствС. Π― ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π»Π° Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ:” Π”Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с
особыми Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ Π½Π΅ люди? ΠœΡ‹ Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° классах ΠΎ
Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°? Нам всСгда Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Ρ‚ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅-Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ мСсто ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ Π²
ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ собствСнном ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ?” Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ я поняла всю Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ
Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, с Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ прийдСтся ΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ всСй ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° я
Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΈΠ»Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ я сдСлаю Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ-Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ это ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρƒ мСня Π½Π΅Ρ‚ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π½Π°
это шансов.
На сСгодняшний дСнь ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π»Π΅Ρ‚. Она ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΡΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ всС аспСкты ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π² Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌ свСтС, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ я Π±Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ смогла Π±Ρ‹
Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ. Она ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Ρ‰ΠΈ, особСнно Π²
распознании людСй. Она Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ Π² Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ класс ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹, Ρƒ
Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ·Π΅ΠΉ с инвалидностями ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π½ΠΈΡ…. Π•Π΅ одноклассники ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ³Π»Π°ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π°
ΠΏΡ€Π°Π·Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ с Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π΅ΠΉ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ. ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π°
Π»ΠΎΡˆΠ°Π΄ΡΡ… ΠΈ учавствуСт Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… выступлСниях ΠΈ сорСвнованиях, часто
выигрывая ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ ( посмотритС Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡŽ снизу) .
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Она Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ класса. Π•ΠΉ нравится
ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Ρ‹ Wii Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅, особСнно кСгСльбан.
ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ ΡΠΌΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
АмСриканский ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ», НикСлодСонс ΠΠΉΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈ, ΠΈ АмСриаканскиС ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ домашниС
Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΡ‹. Она Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ Ρ‡ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠΌΡ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡˆΡƒΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ. Π•Π΅ Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ Π’ΠΎΠΌ
Π₯энькс ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌ Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈ. Она носит ΠΈΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈ Π’ΡƒΠ΄Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ
ДТСсси с собой ΠΊΡƒΠ΄Π° Π±Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ пошла. Π•Π΅ любимая Π΅Π΄Π° это ΠΏΠΈΡ†Ρ†Π°, ΠΊΡƒΡ€ΠΈΡ†Π° ΠΈ
ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠ° Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈ; ΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ Π±Π°Π±ΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π±ΠΈΡ„ΡˆΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ, Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ салат. ВсС ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎ
Π·Π½Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ‚ ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ.
ΠžΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡΡΡŒ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄, Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π° вСдущая нас Π΄ΠΎ сСгодняшнСго дня, Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π°
Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ. Π’Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° нСвыносимой. Но нСсмотря Π½Π° это, ΠΎΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡΡΡŒ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄, я
Ρ†Π΅Π½ΡŽ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΈ Ссли Π±Ρ‹ я ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ всС Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ врСмя
Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Ρ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ это всС Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ большС. Π’Π΅ занятия сдСлали мою Тизнь бСспорядочной,
ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ½Π° стала сСгодня ΠΈ знакомства, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ я
ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Π»Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° останутся со ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. Если Π±Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡˆΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ-Ρ‚ΠΎ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ родитСлям, Ρ‚ΠΎ я Π±Ρ‹ сказала: “МнС ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ
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Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π΄ΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½. И Ссли Π±Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡˆΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· всС это Π·Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ, я
Π±Ρ‹ Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ помСняла. Если Π±Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡˆΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ, я Π±Ρ‹ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»Π° Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ΠΈ. Π― ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρƒ чСстно ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ благодаря ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ ΠΈ влияниСя
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°, ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅, я стала
спСциалистом ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ образования ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ свою Тизнь Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ. Π₯отя
ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Π΅Π² ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… сСмьи, Π½Π°
сСгодняшний дСнь я являюсь ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ особого образования дошкольного
воспитания. Π‘Π΅Π· ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ моя Тизнь Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π±Ρ‹ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ.”
Π’ любом случаС, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° написания этой ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ это обСспСчСниС сСмСй
ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½Π°: Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ это Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ
сСмьям Π² поискС услуг Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π½ΡŒΡŽΠ°Π½ΡΡ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π΅
поняла я. К Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΆΠ΅, ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ самой большой Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ распространСниС понимания
ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ слишком часто Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π±Π²Π»ΠΈ прСслСдованы, ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹,
ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ оставлСны ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° нСзнания ΠΈ боязни Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π― надСюсь, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ обСспСчив
Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅, Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ оставят свои страхи ΠΈ смогут
ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ нСсмотря Π½Π° ΠΈΡ… Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ Π² Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.
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ΠŸΠ Π˜Π—ΠΠΠ’Π•Π›Π¬ΠΠžΠ‘Π’Π¬
Π’ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ…, я ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π° своСй Π΄ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½. Она ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌΡƒ мСня
Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π΅Ρ‘ Ρƒ мСня Π½Π΅ появилась Π±Ρ‹ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ различиям. Говорят,
Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ cΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ я Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°ΡŽ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ мСня
всСму. Волько Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ‘ я Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΈΠ»Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ эту ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρƒ.
Π’ΠΎ-Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ…, я Ρ…ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π»Π° Π±Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ своСго ΠΌΡƒΠΆΠ°, Гэри Π¨ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. Он
ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ» ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡ‘ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² прСслСдовании ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΈΡ… успСхов, позволяя ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΎΡ‘
ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π² этот ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚.
Π’ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈΡ…, я ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π° своим родитСлям: Π ΠΎΠ±Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Ρƒ ΠΈ ПолС Π”ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°.
НСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ это Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° трудная ΠΈ тяТёлая Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π° для всСх нас, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ обСспСчили мСня ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² прСслСдовании ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΈ Π² прСуспСвании Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π°Ρ…. Π’Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π΅ всСго, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ для нашСго поддСрТания Π² Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ
прСдоставляли ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ послС ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹, Π² тСрапСвтичСских докторских
посСщСниях, Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… обучСниях для ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ интСрСсов ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½
ΠΈ Π΅Ρ‘ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ.
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ я ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π° своСму ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€Ρƒ младСнчСской ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹
“ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ шаги” Π² ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π΅ Π™ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΈ особСнно ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ
младСнчСскому Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ, которая взяла мСня ΠΏΠΎΠ΄
своё ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ поддСрТивая ΠΈ трСнируя мСня ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ профСссионала Π² самом
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Π΄Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Π΅. Π Π°Π΄ΠΈ уваТСния ΠΊ ΠΈΡ… личностям, я Π½Π΅ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Ρƒ
Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠΌΡ‘Π½, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡŽΡ‚, ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ я имСю Π²Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ. Π‘Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€ΡŽ!
Π•Ρ‰Ρ‘ я Ρ…ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠžΠ»ΡŒΠ³Ρƒ Π”ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π°, русского ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚ΡŽ,
Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠšΠ»Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡΡΡƒ Лагуардия, испанского ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ сСстру ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ
Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ собрания, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ нашли врСмя ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ с ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ этого
пособия. Π‘Π΅Π· ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°, информация использованная Π² этом пособии Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π°
Π±Ρ‹ доступной сСмьям, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ говорят Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ-русски ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ-испански.
НаконСц, я Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ магистру- совСтнику Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ
Дэвиду РаскС, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ» Π² Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΌΠΎΠΈΡ… усилий Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ этого пособия для обслуТивания Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… сСмСй с
Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠΌΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π‘Π΅Π· этих Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… личностСй этот ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Π» Π±Ρ‹
Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½. Π― всСм ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€Π½Π°.
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ΠŸΠžΠ‘Π’Π―Π©ΠΠ•Π’Π‘Π―
Π― Ρ…ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π»Π° Π±Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ это пособиС ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π½. ΠŸΡƒΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅ Π²Π΅Ρ‰ΠΈ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»Π° мСня.
Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ Π±Ρ‹Π» Π±Ρ‹ Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅ Ссли Π±Ρ‹ ΠΌΡ‹ всС ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ.
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ЧАБВЬ ΠŸΠ•Π Π’ΠΠ―
ΠžΠ’Π’Π•Π’Π« НА Π’ΠžΠŸΠ ΠžΠ‘Π« О ДАУН Π‘Π˜ΠΠ”Π ΠžΠœΠ•
Π§Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ?
Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ это гСнСтичСская кондиция, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΎΠΊ Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Ρ‘Π½ с 47
хромосомами вмСсто 46. Когда спСрма встрСчаСтся с яичком, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅, ΠΌΡ‹ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅ΠΌ
Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, дСлятся. Π’ΠΎ врСмя дСлСния “Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ” Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ 23
хромосомы ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ находятся Π² яичкС, ΠΈ 23 - ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ†Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅
находятся Π² спСрмС. Π§Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ 23 хромосомы ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
родитСля ΠΈ 24 – ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π”Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ словами, яичко ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ спСрма, нСсёт 23
хромосомы, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ со спСрмой, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ яичком, нСсущими 24.
Π‘Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ врСмя, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ эта лишняя хромосома пСрСдаётся Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Π½ΠΎ
исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΎΡ‚Ρ†Π°. Всё ΠΆΠ΅
Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Π½Π°.
ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΡ‹ Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎ “Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…” Π»ΡŽΠ΄ΡΡ…, ΠΌΡ‹ Π·Π½Π°Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… нСсёт ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρƒ хромосому ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρƒ – ΠΎΡ‚Ρ†ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ, ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈΡ…
Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠΉ. Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ появляСтся ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ хромосомы
располоТСны Π½Π° 21 ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π΅. ИмСнно поэтому Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ это явлСниС Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ “Врисомия 21”, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ просто ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ 3 ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° 21 ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π΅.
ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅: слово “Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ” Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ использовано Π² этом пособии, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒ
Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠ΄Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΎ дСтях, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ относятся ΠΊ дСтям Π±Π΅Π· инвалидностСй. Π‘Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ
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ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ слово”Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ”, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ людСй относят Ρ‚ΡƒΠ΄Π° Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с
Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ,Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
Cколько Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ° сущСствуСт?
CущСствуСт Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°. Они Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ: Врисомия
21, ВрансрасполоТСниС ΠΈ ΠœΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π°Ρ Врисомия, ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅.
Врисомия 21 - самый распространСнный Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°. Когда спСрма
ΠΈ яичко Π²ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ, начинаСтся Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ. Π’ это врСмя экстра хромосома
прикрСпляСтся ΠΊ Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌ эмбриона. Π”ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ хромосома ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ
ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎ всСм Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌ. Как эта Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ хромосома
прикрСпляСтся ΠΈ влияСт Π½Π° Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‹ опрСдСляСт количСство ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ
Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΎΠΊ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. НСсмотря Π½Π° это, Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ
ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ сколько потрСбуСтся ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ роТдСния Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠ°.
TрансрасполоТСниС происходит ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 21
хромосомы отдСляСтся ΠΈ прикрСпляСтся ΠΊ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ части хромосомы. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ
Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° цСлая 21 ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° поврСТдСнная 21 ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°, которая прикрСпится ΠΊ
Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ зромосомС, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Ρ‚ Π² 21 ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π΅. Π’ этой разновидности Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°,
ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° поврСТдСния Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 21 хромосомы Π²ΠΎ врСмя дСлСния ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ
прикрСплСния Π΅Π΅ ΠΊ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ части хромосомы, Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΎΠΊ появится Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ с 46
хромосомами, Π½ΠΎ Ссли Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· хромосом Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ
163
Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π½ΠΎΠΆΠΊΡƒ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ прикрСплСния 21 хромосомы. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΆΠ΅
влияСт Π½Π° появлСниС Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π½ΠΎ это Π½Π΅ происходит Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Tрисомия 21.
ΠœΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π°Ρ Врисомия ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ рСдкая ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ рассмотрСнии
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ². Когда Π²ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ спСрма ΠΈ яичко ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ 46 хромосом ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… – 47. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠ° Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅
“Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅” Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π§Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ с
ΠœΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ВрисомиСй ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠΆ Π½Π° своих Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ нуТдаСтся Π² мСньшСй
ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ, Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ “Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ” ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.
Волько хромосомный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°
Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ хромосомный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ‘Π½ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ
послС роТдСния Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠ°.
ΠŸΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Врисомия 21 называСтся Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ?
Π’ 1866 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½ Π”ΠΆΠΎΠ½ Π›Π°Π½Π³Π΄ΠΎΠ½ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ написал сочинСниС ΠΎ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅
людСй ΠΏΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ Π½Π° Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π°. Π£ всСх этих людСй Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Врисомия 21. Π’ своём
сочинСнии Π”ΠΆΠΎΠ½ Π›Π°Π½Π³Π΄ΠΎΠ½ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ описал многочислСнныС характСристики Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅ Π² этой части пособия. Π’ 1866, люди с
Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ
людСй ΠΈΠ· Монголии. Π’ 1960 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΡƒΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‰Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ
164
ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… людСй, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ людСй ΠΈΠ· Монголии, поэтому Π’Ρ€ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡŽ 21
ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
EΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π»ΠΈ моя Π²ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠ° Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ?
ΠšΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ‚! НСвозмоТно Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° появлСниС Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°. По ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΠΉ-Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ происходит ΠΏΠΎ-Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌΡƒ. И ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ
это происходит Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ объяснСния Π½Π΅Ρ‚. Π’ΠΎ врСмя дСлСния ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ,
Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ Π² Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ΠΉ 21 хромосомС ΠΈ называСтся Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Когда ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ
дСлятся с Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ хромосомами Π² Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π΅, Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΎΠΊ роТдаСтся с
Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Никто Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ это ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ: это просто происходит!
Как часто встрСчаСтся Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ?
Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρƒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ возраста, рассы ΠΈ
экономичСского уровня/ слоя. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ с Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ
ΠΈ с Π±Π΅Π΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ людьми. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ с людьми Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… расс ΠΈ этничСских
Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ. Π˜Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π½ΠΎ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ случаСтся Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡ†-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ
Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ хромосомный Π΄Π΅Ρ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚. НСдавнСС исслСдованиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ происходит Π² 1 ΠΈΠ· 733 Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Ρ‘Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠ΅. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ
ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ ( ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚). Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ
исслСдоватСлСй ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ, говорят, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ссли Π±Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρ‹
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Π΅Π², Ρ‚ΠΎ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ встрСчался Π±Ρ‹ Π² 1ΠΈΠ·
165
600 Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅, Ссли Π½Π΅ Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅. На сСгодняшний дСнь, Π² 2010, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π²
Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π¨Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ… числятся ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 400 тысяч людСй с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
Богласно ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠžΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Ρƒ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π¨Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ…
АмСрики ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ роТдаСтся ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 5 тысяч Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ говорят, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ сущСствуСт Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½, срСди
Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… это ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π² возрастС ΠΎΡ‚ 19 ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 21. И вторая – ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ 35 ΠΈ
ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅. НСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ 35 ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ состоят Π² большСм рискС
роТдСния Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, большС Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρƒ
ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΉ Π² возрастС ΠΎΡ‚ 19 Π΄ΠΎ 21 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠšΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ, Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅
Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρƒ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π΅ относятся Π½ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· пСрСчислСнных ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ,
эти Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρƒ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ любого возраста.
Как ΡƒΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π»ΠΈ Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ?
Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· хромосомный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·
послС роТдСния Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°. Π’ΠΎ врСмя хромосомного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒ
Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· для ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ². Волько послС этого Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°.
На сСгодняшний дСнь, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² проводят ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ тСст Ρƒ
Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ для прСдполоТСния возмоТности роТдСния Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
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Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ дСлаСтся для Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΊ прСдстоящим
Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ. Π”ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊ ΡƒΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ…
ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ… Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ, ΠΈ смоТСт быстро ΡΡ€Π΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ послС Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ родится
Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ,ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅.
Если ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ тСст вСрнСтся с ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ тСсты ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ амниосСнтСзис, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ³Π»Π° вводится Π²
Π²Π»Π΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡƒΠ·Ρ‹Ρ€ΡŒ для взятия Тидкости. Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ содСрТит ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π·
ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°.Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ
ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ проявлСния Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°.
ΠŸΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ возмоТности проявлСния Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ° Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠ°, Π΄ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π² этом ΡƒΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ
Π½Π° 100 % Π΄ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ роТдСния?
ΠžΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ возмоТности проявлСния Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎ
нСскольким ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π°ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ являСтся Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€Π°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΡƒ послС роТдСния.
ΠŸΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ риск развития ослоТнСний ΠΈ ΡˆΠ°Π½ΡΡ‹
выТивания Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ ΠΊ Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠ° с
Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ссли ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅
Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Иногда трСбуСтся нСотлоТная опСрация для ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ.
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НапримСр, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° сСрдцС для закрытия Π΄Ρ‹Ρ€ Π²
сСрдцС, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ Π² ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π΅
ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ состояниС встрСчаСтся часто Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ являСтся
ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Ρƒ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ. Π Π°Π·Π½ΠΈΡ†Π° состоит Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ больший риск.
Другая ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° состоит Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ‘Π½ΠΊΠ° смогут ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ
ΠΊ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ. Растёт число Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹, с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚
большС ΡƒΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ сСмьям Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΈ
большС ΡƒΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ доступных услугах для ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ. НавСрноС Π²Π°ΠΌ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚
интСрСсно ΡƒΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ созданы ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹
ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π¨Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² для Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ сСмСй ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… с
Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ многочислСнныС слуТбы доступны сСмьям с Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠΌΠΈ
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ бСсплатны для Π½ΠΈΡ…, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈ
Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ автоматичСски ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ для прСдоставлСния ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ
сСмьям, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ для Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡŒ
Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°.
НаконСц, Ссли Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ освСдомлСны ΠΎ возмоТности проявлСния
Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ смогут ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. БСмья смоТСт ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ
Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ бСрСмСнности ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° это ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ сдСлано ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ всС ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ тСстов. К соТалСнию,
исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ нСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ
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ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° дороТдСния, Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ шанс, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ тСстов ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ
ΠΎΡˆΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ. НапримСр, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ родитСлям Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ сказано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΡ… родится
Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ послС роТдСния ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘
Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ стороны, Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ родитСлям Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ сказано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ
Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΡ… родился Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ
Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ. К соТалСнию, это происходит довольно часто.
Π ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ оставлСны ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ, стоит ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ стоит Ρ€ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ.
Если Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· тСст ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ,
Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ глядя Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ
Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π»ΠΈ Ρƒ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ?
НСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ
ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, cущСствуСт ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² для опрСдСлСния Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π»ΠΈ Ρƒ
Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌ идСю ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ тСста Π½Π° Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ сразу послС роТдСния. НСкоторыми Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ характСристиками Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ: плоскостопиС ΠΈ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ расстопырСнныС ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†Ρ‹ Π½ΠΎΠ³,
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, косоглазиС, плоская пСрСносица,
ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡ†Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ плоский Π²ΠΈΠ΄, плоская задняя Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹, дСлаящая
Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρƒ ΠΈ шСю соСдинСнныС Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ°, малСнький Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ
ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ языку Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΡƒΡŽ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅, Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ тонус ( Π½Π΅ тонус
силы, Π½ΠΎ тонус ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΡ†), прямая линия Π½Π° Π»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ, Π±Π΅Π»Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π΄ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
169
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ΅ Π³Π»Π°Π·, дСформированная Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ° ΡƒΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€,
нСбольшиС складки Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ² Π³Π»Π°Π· ( Batshaw et al., 2007).
Π‘ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π»ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ риски для Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°?
На этот вопрос ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ
“Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ” Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
ИсслСдования ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ мноТСство рисков для Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. НСкоторыС Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π±Π΅Π· Π½ΠΈΡ…, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Π΄Π²Π°, Π° Ρƒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ…
Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ большС. НСт Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹ всС
риски ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. НСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ эти
риски, достиТСния Π² мСдицинской Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, слуТбах ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ
ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ. НСкоторыС риски
располоТСны Π² Ρ‚Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ страницС.
Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ†Π° # 1: Риски Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ срСди людСй с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Взято ΠΈΠ· “ Π”Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. /
Health Related Risks among Individuals with Down Syndrome. Taken from Children with Disabilities. (6 th
Ed.) Batshaw, M.L., Pellegrino, L., Roisen, N.J. (2007).
ЗаболСвания
Π’Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΊ сСрдца
Π’ΠΈΠΏΡ‹:
ВнутрСсСрдСчный Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚
Π”Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ²
Π”Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ вСнтрикулярной ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ
сСрдца
Π”Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅
Π“Π»Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ заболСвания
Π’ΠΈΠΏΡ‹:
ΠΠ°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ прСломлСния
% ΠžΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½
44
20
15
4
5
60
35
170
Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ
Нистагм
Π‘Π»Π΅Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚
ΠΠ΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ слСзного ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΡ†Π°
ΠšΠ°Ρ‚Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚
ΠŸΡ‚ΠΎΠ·
ΠŸΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ слуха
Π­Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ расстройства
Π’ΠΈΠΏΡ‹:
ΠŸΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ
ΠžΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹ΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ
Π”ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ‚
ВозрастныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹
Π’ΠΈΠΏΡ‹:
ΠžΠΆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Низкий рост
ΠžΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π±Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ
Π—ΡƒΠ±Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚,
Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ располоТСниС Π·ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠ²
Π–Π΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½Π°Ρ аномалия
ЦСлиакия
ЭпилСпсия
Π›Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ·
CостояниС ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ
Π—Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Alzheimer 's послС 40 Π»Π΅Ρ‚
27
20
9
6
5
5
66
50-90
25-40
4-30
.5-1
50-90
60
50-90
16
60-100
5
1-7
6
.6-1
50
21
ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅: взято ΠΈΠ·/
Note: Original Source: American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Genetics (2001); Cohen, for the
Down Syndrome Medical Interest Group (1999).
ПослС просмотра этого Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ списка рисков, Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΡƒΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…
Π²Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅
ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ с Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. Cтатистика ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Ссли Π΅Π΅
Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ. НС ΠΏΡƒΠ³Π°ΠΉΡ‚Π΅ сСбя мыслями ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ
вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· этих
рисков. Π’Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ дСтям большС ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π»ΠΎ, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ
Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ, ΠΈ Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΡ… Π½Π΅Ρ‚ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρƒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-Ρ‚ΠΎ
171
заболСвания, Ρƒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ всС заболСвания. ΠžΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· этих
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡƒΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… состояниС с нашими достиТСниями
Π² мСдицинской Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… спСцмалистов.
Π”Π΅Π»ΠΎ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ согласно ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠžΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Ρƒ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π² 1910
Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ, люди с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ своСго 9 лСтия. Когда Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, люди с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 20 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ, c
Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² мСдицинской Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ слуТбами Π² 2010, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ…
людСй ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ 60 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅. НСкоторыС ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… людСй Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ
80 лСтия.
Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ, Π²Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΏΡ€Π°ΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ сСбя:” Как я ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ сСбС Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΎ
своСм Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Ссли Ρƒ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ‚ этих Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ?”. На этот вопрос Π²Ρ‹ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚
Π² 3 части этого пособия. БСйчас, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ риски cмСщСния ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…
ΠΏΠΎΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π΅ смотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ часто,
ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ рисками для Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ всСго ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡΡŽΡ‚, говорят ΠΈ
часто боятся.
Π§Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ сдвиг ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²?
Π‘Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² происходит ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° соСдинСниС спинного ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Π²
области шСи смСщСно ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π½Π° мСстС. Π”Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ такая ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°,
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находятся Π² рискС получСния спинномозговой Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ дСтям c Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π³Π΅Π½ снимки для выявлСния этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹. Если Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°
ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ сдвиг ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ², Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ дСтям стоит ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ,
которая ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ привСсти ΠΊ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ части шСи. НапримСр, Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ смоТСт
ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π° лошади, ΠΏΡ€Ρ‹Π³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ Π² Ρ„ΡƒΡ‚Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅.
ΠžΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ с Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ.
ΠŸΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡƒΠΉΡΡ‚Π° посмотритС Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ снизу, Π³Π΄Π΅ сравниваСтся шСя
“Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ” Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, с Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ заболСвания Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°.
ОсобоС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅: Π½Π° рисункС ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ страницы, шСя Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°
находится слСва. На ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΉ сторонС стрСлка ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° смСщСнноС соСдинСниС Π²
спинС. На рисункС с Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ мСсто смСщСния. Как Π²Ρ‹ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ
ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅, Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ смСщСниС, находится Π² большом рискС,
поэтому Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ провСсти профосмотр Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½Π΅Ρ‚ Π»ΡŽΠ±ΡƒΡŽ
Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ спорт.
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Рисунок #1. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ рисунок поясняСт сдвин ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ². Взято ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ “Π”Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с
инвалидностями. / A photo describing Atlantoaxial Subluxation. Taken from Children with Disabilities.
(6th Ed.) Batshaw, M.L., Pellegrino, L., Roizen, N.J. (2007).
ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅: взято ΠΈΠ·/
Note: Original Source: American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness 1995)
ΠŸΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ я ΡΠ»Ρ‹ΡˆΡƒ ΠΎ рисках Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ?
ΠšΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ нСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π»ΠΈ Ρƒ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ‚,
находятся Π² рискС развития дСтской Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ. По Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ с этим
сталкиваСтся нСбольшоС количСство Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… риск Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°. ЛСйкСмия встрСчаСтся Ρƒ .6-1% насСлСния. Π£
ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ большС шансов Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈ, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ дСтям с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. НСсмотря Π½Π° это, это всС-Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈ встрСчаСтся Ρƒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… людСй
ΠΈ ΠΎΠ± этом Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ.
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Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ я знаю Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ риски для Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ, всС-Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ смоТСт Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ?
Π’ этом вопросС Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π²Π΅ части. ΠžΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ: ΠΊ соТалСнию, это
самый распространСнный вопрос, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ. Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ спСциалистов скаТут Π²Π°ΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡŽΡ‚, ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚
ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ смоТСт Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ваш Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ нСскольким ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π°Ρ
ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° возвращаСтся ΠΊ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρƒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ отличаСтся
ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π»ΡŽΠ±Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ “Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅” Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π°. Π”ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚
ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Π°ΠΌ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ нСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ,
Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ всС Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΡˆΠ°Π±Π»ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ,
Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ Π½Π° Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Π΅ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ
линию. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ смоТСт Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ссли Ρƒ
Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅Ρ‚ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ со Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄. Π”Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ,
oΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ развития, поэтому ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° умСния Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°
поставлСны Π² Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Π΅, Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Π΅Π·Π΄Π΅ разбросанныС Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ‚
Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈΡ… соСдинСниС.
Π‘Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ нСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎ нСизбСТности
умствСвнного развития, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ принято Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ отставаниСм Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ,
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ людСй с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ срСдний
ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ отсталости ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ умствСнного развития, ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Ρ‰ΠΈ,
ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ. Как Π²Ρ‹ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅, люди с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ
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Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ-Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΈ поэтому Π½Π΅ сущСствуСт установлСнных стандартов
развития ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ.
Π’Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ являСтся число рисков для Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅. НапримСр, Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ с Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ
ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ тонусом ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€Ρ‹Π³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ. Для этого
ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ лСчСния ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π° Π² ΡƒΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΡ† ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π°. НСльзя ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ,
Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Ρ‹Π³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ научатся Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Ρ‰ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Π½ΠΎ
это просто Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ большС Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ… для этого усилий.
Π’Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ являСтся Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ доступ
ΠΊΠΎ всСм услугам, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ½ нуТдаСтся для получСния ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°, ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ
Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚. Услуги ΠΈ прСдлагаСмая ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ отличаСтся ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π° ΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Ρƒ, ΠΎΡ‚
Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½a ΠΊ Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Ρƒ. Π§Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ смоТСт ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ смоТСт, это
опрСдСляСт мСсто ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρƒ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ ΠΈ
сСстры, ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ-Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ, Π° Ρƒ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ – Π½Π΅Ρ‚. ВсС эти Π²Π΅Ρ‰ΠΈ
ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
ΠžΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ Π½Π° Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ вопроса, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ сказано это Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с
Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ со Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ смогут Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Ρ‰ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡŽΡ‚
“Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅” Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌ понадобится Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ для ΠΈΡ…
выполнСния ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ большС Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Π£ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ появится любимая
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Π΅Π΄Π°, ΠΈΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π°, ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°, Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΡŒΡ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅. Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ смогут ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Π±Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, ΠΏΡ€Ρ‹Π³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ,
ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ, Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ. Π•Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ научатся
ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ сСбя, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ, Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π² Ρ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ‚, ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ
ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ†, Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎ сСбС. Когда Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ становятся взрослыми
людьми, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ,
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ. НСкоторыС ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡŽΡ‚ свою ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ работая Π½Π°
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ…, Π² ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ…, ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ…, выступлСниях ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅. ВозмоТности для
людСй с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ становятся с ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ всС Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π°
прСдоставляСмых услуг ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ
возрастС.
НиТС находится Ρ‚Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ†Π° достиТСний Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π² сравнСнии с “Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ” Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠΌΠΈ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ список нСбольшой, Π½ΠΎ
Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ прСдставлСниС ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π²Π΅Ρ‰Π°Ρ…. Как Π²Ρ‹ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡ слова, “Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ “ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ смоТСт ΠΊ 14
мСсяцам. Π Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, cΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ это Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ начиная ΠΎΡ‚ 9 ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 30
мСсяцСв. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ основан Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, услуг ΠΈ
прСдоставлСнной Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ. Π§Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ с Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ это Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ
люди с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ научатся Ρ€Π°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ свои ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ
Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ. Волько это происходит для ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π΅Π΅.
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ДостиТСния Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ умСния Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ
ДостиТСния
Π’ΠΎ сколько мСсяцСв
Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ»Ρ‹Π±Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ
2
Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Π°Ρ€Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ
6
Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ
9
Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Ρ‚ΠΈ
11
CΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΡ€Π°Π΄Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ
13
Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ
10
Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ
20
Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ
14
Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ прСдлоТСния
24
Π”ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ Π² мСсяцах
1 ½ Π΄ΠΎ 3
2 Π΄ΠΎ 12
6 Π΄ΠΎ 18
7 Π΄ΠΎ 21
8 Π΄ΠΎ 25
10 Π΄ΠΎ 32
12 Π΄ΠΎ 45
9 Π΄ΠΎ 30
18 Π΄ΠΎ 46
УмСния
Π”ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ Π² мСсяцах
1.ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†Π°ΠΌΠΈ
2.ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡ Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΡƒ / Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΊΡƒ
1.ΠΏΠΈΡΡΡ‚ΡŒ
2.ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ
1.Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
2.ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ
Bo сколько мСсяцСв
ΠšΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ
12
20
Π₯ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Ρ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ‚
48
42
ΠžΠ΄Π΅Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ
40
58
8 Π΄ΠΎ 28
12 Π΄ΠΎ 40
20 Π΄ΠΎ 95
28 Π΄ΠΎ 90
29 Π΄ΠΎ 72
38 Π΄ΠΎ 98
Whaley & Wong, Donna L. Nursing Care of Infants and Children. (5 th Ed.) St. Luis: Mosby (Unit VIII:
Family Centered Care of the Child with Special Needs).
Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ я знаю Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ?
ΠžΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° этот вопрос Π²Ρ‹ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ начиная с истории людСй с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ части этого пособия.
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Π’Π’ΠžΠ ΠΠ― ЧАБВЬ
Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ вас ΠΈ вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°
НСмного истории
CущСствуСт ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 3,000 инвалидностСй, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ людСй.
US Census (2005) сообщаСт, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² АмСрикС сСгодня находится 54 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° людСй –
ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². НСсмотря Π½Π° свою ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, всС Π·Π½Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ эти люди Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π²
большой ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ cΠΎ стороны общСства ΠΈ школ.
Π§Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· всю ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡŽ, люди с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³Π½Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ· глобального
общСства. C cΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π°, эти люди Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π½Π΅Π±Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ,
отосланы ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ Π·Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ “Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ всС”. Π’ ΡΡ€Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒΠ΅ имСлось
прСдставлСниС, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ люди с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ дьяволом ΠΈ часто
Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹, ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹, ΠΈΡ… ΠΆΠ³Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° кострах. Π’ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… странах,
родитСлям Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Π΅Π². Π’ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… странах ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ
сСй дСнь Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ это Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Π² Π΄Π²Π°Π΄Ρ†Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ΅.
БСгодня, Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π¨Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ… ΠΈ Π² Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… странах, люди с
ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ часто ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ насилию ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²,
ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π»Π΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ трудности
Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎ своСм Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
Π’ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ 1900 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², люди с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‹ Ρƒ сСмСй ΠΈ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² мСдицинскиС учрСТдСния для ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π“Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ людям с
ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹ с вирусами ΠΈ мСдицинскими ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ для
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опрСдСлСния эффСкта ΠΈΡ… дСйствия Π½Π° “ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…” Π»ΡŽΠ΄ΡΡ… для дальнСйшСго
развития химичСской ΠΈ биологичСской Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² этих учрСТдСниях
люди Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΊ элСктричСскому Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΡƒ для “ удалСния” заболСвания
ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ². Π’ΠΎ врСмя Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹, Π² 1940 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹, люди с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ
вмСстС с СврСями, Ρ†Ρ‹Π³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, свидСтСлями Π˜Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π²
Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹, Π° ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ соТТСны Π“ΠΈΡ‚Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ нацистами, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ оТиданиям ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²Ρƒ.
Π’ Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π¨Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ…, история людСй с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ измСнилась Π²ΠΎ
врСмя двиТСния равСнства. BΡ‹ΡΡˆΠΈΠΉ Π‘ΡƒΠ΄, Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ “ Π‘Ρ€Π°ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ
ΠœΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠžΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ” ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ люди ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π²
ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ… вмСстС с Π±Π΅Π»Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ людьми, nΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌ людСй, ΠΈΡ‰ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ
равноправия. Одной ΠΈΠ· этих Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ явились Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. Π˜Ρ…
основным Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Π° Π·Π° Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, Π·Π° ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΈ
Π·Π° ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ возмоТности общСствС. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°Ρ… Π½Π° Π»ΡŽΠ΄ΡΡ… с
ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π² мСдицинских учрСТдСниях ΡƒΠ·Π½Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ людСй, ΠΎ бСспощадном
ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ с людьми с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, особСнно ΠΎ Π»ΡŽΠ΄ΡΡ… с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π’
Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅, Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π΄ΡˆΠΈΠΉ Π² 1973 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ, Акт Π Π΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, стал ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊ
Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π² людСй с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π» учрСТдСния Π² Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
Π΄Π°Π» Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ людям с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ большС возмоТностСй Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
образования ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π² общСствС.
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О Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ говорится Π² АктС Π Π΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ 1973 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ относится ΠΊΠΎ
ΠΌΠ½Π΅?
Богласно Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρƒ ΠΎ ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²Π°Ρ…, для Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ профСссионалов, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°
создания Акта Π Π΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ 1973 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ “(…) ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ… мСст,
экономичСской самодостаточности, нСзависимости, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ интСграция
интСграция Π² общСствС.”
Когда этот Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ вошСл Π² силу, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ создали особыС ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹
для людСй с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ для умствСнно отсталых. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ
ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ часто располоТСны Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈΡ… окрСстности.
Π ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ получСния Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€Π°Π² для своих Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ
Π² общСствС ΠΈ ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ стали ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° большиС
возмоТности для дюдСй с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ созданию Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°
ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ “ Акт ΠžΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ для всСх c физичСским нСдостатком Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ 1975
Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°”, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π» создан для получСния бСсплатного обучСния Π² своих Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…
ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° ΠΎΡ‚ обучСния Π² “ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ…” для ”умствСнно отсталых.”
Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π±Ρ‹Π» создан для людСй- ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ‚ 3 Π΄ΠΎ 21 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°.
Для Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ этот Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡˆΠ΅Π» Π² исполнСниС, Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚ΠΎ
Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ‹ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ
ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π² исполнСниС. И ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ эти Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°, Π² ΠΈΡ… обязанности Π²Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ обСспСчСниС Π»ΠΈΡ† с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ
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Π½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Начиная с 1975 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π³Π΄Π΅-Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½
пСрСссматриваСтся для ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ уставов ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ», ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅
ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ. Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π° “ Акт ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
для Π»ΠΈΡ† с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ” 1990 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ “P.L. 94-142” ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ “Π˜Π”Π•Π―”.
НСкотороС врСмя спустя, этот Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ (Π˜Π”Π•Π―) Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ внСсСно ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π°
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ для людСй с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ роТдСния
ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 21 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π° Π½Π΅ с 3 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π» Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρƒ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ просто Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΡƒ с самого роТдСния вмСсто оТидания исхода 3 Π»Π΅Ρ‚.
ИсслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΡƒ, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ
большС ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ смогут Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅. Π’ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ родитСлям Π·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ своих
ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°Ρ… своих Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ.
Π§Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ?
Π Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ это идСя, которая ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ‹ ΠΈ
малСнькиС Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΡƒ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΈ Π² общСствС, Π²
Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅, которая свСдСт ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌΡƒ. НапримСр, исслСдования
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π² Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ возрастС,
Π½Π΅ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… слуТбах ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ становятся взрослыми, ΠΈ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… способны вСсти Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡƒΡŽ ΡΠ°ΡŒΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Тизнь с
минимальной ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π² сСбя
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посСщСния Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, Ρ€Π°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ ΡΠ·Ρ‹ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ
Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ, Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ, ΡƒΡΡ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ, ΠΌΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ,
ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π° Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΠ΅ΠΌ прСстарСлых, сСмСйныС ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ сСрвисы
часто согласованы областными Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ созданы Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ Акта
Π›Π°Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π² 1977 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ. ΠžΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡŽΡ‚ всС Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅, для Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ,
Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ сСмьи Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ обСспСчСны ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠΌ Π² поискС
Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… слуТб ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ Π² ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² поискС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ‹ профСссионалов
Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°.
Π—Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π΅?
Π Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ для Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. НСсмотря
Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ слуТбы ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ сорока Π»Π΅Ρ‚, послСдствия Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ сСгодня. ИсслСдования
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°, Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΡŒ
Π² своСм Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ всСго Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΡŒ “Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ” Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ
возрастС. Π’Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π΅ всСго, Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚
ΠΎΠ³Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ влияниС Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»ΠΈΡ†Π° с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎ
сСбС, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ. ИсслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ
Π±Π΅Π· этих услуг, Π»ΠΈΡ†Π° с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… для качСствСнной ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.
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Π§Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ?
Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ с историСй, связанной с Π»ΠΈΡ†Π°ΠΌΠΈ-ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈ
ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ возникновСния Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² для ΠΈΡ… Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹. Π’Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π΅ всСго Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ
эти Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ созданы для ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ сСмСй, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ чувствовали сСбя
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с особыми Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘Π΅Π· знания Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сСмСй
Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ· услуг ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΡƒ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Ρ…ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ. К
этой ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ относятся сСмьи, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π΅ говорят ΠΏΠΎ-английски, ΠΈ Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π΅Ρ‚
доступа ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ, поэтому это пособиС
Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ языки.
ΠžΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ прСдоставляСмых ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… услугах ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ
для вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, Π²Ρ‹ смоТСтС Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ процСсс Ρ€Π°Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠ΅ Π²Ρ‹ Π·Π½Π°Π΅Ρ‚Π΅, Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅
Π²Ρ‹ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ агСнства, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π·Π° это ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. Π’Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ
Π·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ сущСствовании cΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π²Π΅Ρ‰ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΎ своСм ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΅
Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ процСсса. Π’Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅ большС ΡƒΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ…
Π² мСстных Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ…, Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΡƒΡŽ линию сСмСйный рСсурсный Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€, ΠΎ
ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌ Ρ‡ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅, ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ Π½Π° www.wrightslaw.org.
О Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ† ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅
Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ профСссионалов?
Π‘Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ поставлСны ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Акта ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ для Π»ΠΈΡ† с
ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. Они Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ поставлСны для Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ профСссионалы
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Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° направлСния услуг ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ быстрСС.
Π§Π΅ΠΌ быстрСС составлСно Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ быстрСС ваш Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ обслуТСн.
НаправлСниСм называСтся ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ сСмьи агСнства с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ с
Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π‘ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ собрана личная информация ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ,
Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚,понял Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ… услугах нуТдаСтся Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ,
ΠΈ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π΅Π³ΠΎ информация ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π»Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ людям. ПослС Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ составлСно
Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρƒ агСнства Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ 15 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° запрос вашСго Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°
тСстированиС, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ часто Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·
этой части процСсса для профСссионалов Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ нуТдаСтся
ваш Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ услуги для этого ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚.
Как Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠΈΡˆΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π±ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ профСссионалам Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ
ΠΈΡ… тСстированиС, Ρƒ агСнства Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° тСстированиС 60 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π° встрСчу с Π²Π°ΠΌΠΈ для
обсуТдСния ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ для вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ сСмьи. Когда это ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚,
Ρƒ вас Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ‚ с любой собранной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ с Π»ΡŽΠ±Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ
рСкомСндациями для услуг ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ. Если Π²Ρ‹ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΡΡŒ, Π²Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ
Π»Π΅Π³Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ для Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° получСния услуг. Π’Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π²Ρ‹
подписали этот Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚, услуги Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ это
происходит Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ большС Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Из-Π·Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½
Π±Ρ‹Π» принят для Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π² сСмСй, Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ тСсты ΠΈ услуги Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·
вашСго Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
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Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ гласит: Π½Π΅ говорящиС ΠΏΠΎ-английски сСмьи ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ Π½Π° Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π° своСм Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ языкС ΠΈ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ протСстирован Π½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ
собствСнном языкС с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠ°, прСдоставлСнного Π²Π°ΠΌ Π²ΠΎ врСмя
встрСч, ΠΈ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ написаны Π½Π° вашСм Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ языкС. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ,
ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ поняты, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π° точная
информация ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ всСгда Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡŽΡ‚ своих Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ
профСссионалы. Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ смоТСт Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° языкС,
ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‚, поэтому Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ тСстов Π½Π΅ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ Π² точности
ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ потрСбности Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°.
Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹, Π½Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅, Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ прСдставлСниС ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ
Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ это Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ для вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡƒΠ΄Π°
ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ для получСния этих услуг ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ? ΠžΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π° эти вопросы Π²Ρ‹
Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ Π² Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ΠΉ части этого пособия.
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Π’Π Π•Π’Π¬Π― ЧАБВЬ
Услуги ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ
Π’ зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄ вашСго ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚
ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ всС услуги. НСсмотря Π½Π° вашС ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²Π°ΠΌ рСкомСндуСтся ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠ· пСрСчислСнных
ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΈ услуг, Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π°
эту ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ. НСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ,
исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ большС услуг ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ сСмьи, большС
Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с особыми Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ смогут Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΡŒ большСго развития ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…
возмоТностСй.
Π”ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ бСзопасный Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ (SSI)
Π”ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ бСзопасный Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ (SSI) прСдоставлСн сСмьям, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ
ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ состояниСм, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Если ваш Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° SSI, Π²Ρ‹ смоТСтС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ
ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΡƒ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ СТСмСсячных SSI Ρ‡Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π²Π°ΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ
СТСмСсячному Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ. Бколько Π²Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ вашСго
СТСнСдСльного, Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ…Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ СТСмСсячного Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π˜Π½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅
Π½Π° эту ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ Π²Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° cΠ°ΠΉΡ‚Π΅ http://www.ssa.gov/ssi/text-eligibilityussi.htm ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ 1-800-772-1213.
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Π”Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Ссли Π²Ρ‹ Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ‚Π΅, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ Π½Π° эту ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ, Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅ всСго
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ эту ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ. Если ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π²Ρ‹
потСряСтС Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρƒ вас ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡΡ часы Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π°, Π»ΠΈΡ†Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ с SSI cΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ измСнСния ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΡƒ. Π›ΠΈΡ†Π°,
ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ подзодят Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ SSI автоматичСски ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ Medi-Cal.
Medi-Cal
Из-Π·Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ваш Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ родился с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠ½ автоматичСски
нуТдаСтся Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ваш Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° MediCal, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ являСтся ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ мСдицинской страховой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠΉ.
Π‘ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° зачислСния Π½Π° эту ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ. Если ваш Π·Π°Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ
являСтся нСбольшим, ваш Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ смоТСт ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° эту ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ. Π›ΠΈΡ†Π° с
ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ автоматичСски имСя ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ с SSI
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡΡΡŒ Π½Π° Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π· ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° (income waiver)
прСдосавлСнный Π Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π° ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅. Medi-Cal ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅
осмотры ΠΈ особый мСдицинский ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ΄.
Medi-Cal Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ прСдоставляСт услуги сСмьям, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… высокая
мСдицинская ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π° Π·Π° ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Π΅Π², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² большом мСдицинском
Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ находятся Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π΅ большС 30 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ понадобится
мСдицинская ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ Π½Π° большС Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π³ΠΎΠ΄. Из-Π·Π° особых ΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π² вашСго
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Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, мСдицинский Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ
Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡΠ²ΡŒ Π½Π° вашСм Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅.
ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΠžΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ Medi-Cal Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎ мСсту
ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ располоТСн Π² вашСм ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³. НапримСр, Π²Ρ‹
Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Medi-Cal ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π° Π™ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ Π² ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π΅ Π‘Π°ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎ.
Волько Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ случаС Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ‰Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΈΠ·
Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π° ΠΈ это Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ваш Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅
дСтскиС услуги, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ CCS, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρƒ вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ личная страховка, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ
Medi-Cal ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ использован Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ страховым ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌ. Если Medi-Cal
использован Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ страховым ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‚ΠΎ Medi-Cal смоТСт Π²Π·ΡΡ‚ΡŒ любой co-pay
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ любой Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ баланс, оставлСнный ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ страховой ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ.
Для получСния Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π² офис для приСмлимости Π²
Π‘Π°ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ 916-552-9200. Они смогут ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ Π²Π°ΠΌ снабдив вас
Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² вашСй окрСстности.
ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ дСтскиС услуги
ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ дСтскиС услуги ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ CCS, это ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°, которая
ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, направляСт, ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ Π·Π° мСдицинскиС услуги, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ
Ρ€Π΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° эти услуги Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ согласованы ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠΉ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ услуги ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚
Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‹ для Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ… людСй Π΄ΠΎ 21 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ подходящиС
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ эту ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ заболСвания ΠΈ сСмьи ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π΅ Π² состоянии ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ услуги
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частично ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. НСсмотря Π½Π° это Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ CCS Π½Π΅ являСтся
страховой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠΉ для Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ. Она Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ смоТСт ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ
потрСбности Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, Π½ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ CCS состояния
Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ. Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ° профинансированна ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌ, дСньгами
Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ cΠ±ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ родитСлями.
Π˜ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡˆΡŽΡ€Ρ‹ CCS, Ссли ваш Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ Π½Π° эту ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ,
Π‘Π‘S ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ cΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ услугами:
Π›Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, услуги Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Ρƒ ΠΈ хирургичСскиС услуги,
Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ (PT) ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ (OT), Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅
тСсты, Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π³Π΅Π½, ортопСдичСсСиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ мСдицинскоС ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
ΠœΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, для ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ Π² поискС спСциалистов ΠΈ
услуг для вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ агСнства,
Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ общСствСнноС Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹.
ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ° мСдицинская тСрапия (MTP), которая ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ
физичСской ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ… для Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ,
ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ подходят ΠΏΠΎ-Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊ этим услугам.
Для получСния большСй ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ приСмлСнности ΠΊ этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ мСдицинских состояния ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… CCS,
заглянитС Π² Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡˆΡŽΡ€Ρƒ ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π° Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ Π½Π°
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http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/ccs ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π² офис Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π‘Π°ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ
Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ 916-875-9900 для ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… ΠΈ мСстах всСго ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°.
Π˜Π½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… мСстах ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° этом
адрСсС.
Π Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π° ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΡ
Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· самых Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ, прСдлоТСнная Π»ΠΈΡ†Π°ΠΌ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ инвалидностями. БущСствуСт ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌ 21 Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ
Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ ΠΏΠΎ всСй ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Они проводят Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ услуги ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ,
Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ координация услуг, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²
поискС ΠΈ использовании Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… срСдств, Π²Ρ‹ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ Π² Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ…,
граТданских ΠΈ слуТСбных ΠΏΡ€Π°Π², услугах Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ сСмСй,
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ/ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ/ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ 24 часового Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… услуг ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ
Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅. Для приСмлСмости этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹, ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ
исполнСния 18 лСтия ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρƒ
Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· прСрСчислСнных состояний Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ:
1. УмствСнная ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ
2. Π¦Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡
3. ЭпилСпсия
4. Аутизм
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5. Π›ΡŽΠ±Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, которая относится ΠΊ умствСнной отсталости ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
нуТдаСтся Π² ΠΏΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
6. ΠœΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ ( ΠΎΡ‚ роТдСния ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 36 мСсяцСв), ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ находятся Π²
рискС отставания Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ отставаниС Π²
Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅.
Π›ΠΈΡ†Π° с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ подходят ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ эту ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° умствСнной
отсталости ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ срСднСй ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ Π² ΠΈΡ…
Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ. Когда Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ становится Ρ‡Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ РСгионального Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π° ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°
ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ½ становится Ρ‡Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π·Π°
ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ услуг ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ для вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, для Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
сущСствования. НСкоторыС ΠΈΠ· этих ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… услуг:
CΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, посСщСниС Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡƒ
ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ° Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ родитСлями
Π‘ΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ инструкции
ЀизиологичСскиС услуги
ΠŸΠΎΠ²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ услуги – прСдоставлСниС ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ количСства часов
для получСния садика ΠΎΡ‚ любого Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎ ТСланию Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.
Π‘Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ прСдоставлСн агСнством ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ‡Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ сСмьи.
ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ, физичСская, рСчСвая ΠΈ разговорная тСрапия
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НСобходимыС мСдицинскиС услуги, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ
страховками
ΠœΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ услуги
ДиСтологичСскиС услуги
Аудиология ( cΠ»ΡƒΡ…)
ΠŸΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ с тСхнологичСскими устройствами ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ услугами
ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ· ΠΈ нСобходимая дСнСТная ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ услуги Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°.
Π—Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ получСния услуг Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ваш мСстный ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³, это
Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ самой Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°
ΠΎΡ‚ роТдСниия ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ смСрти. На сСгодняшний дСнь, агСнство обСспСчиваСт большой
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡ†Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ хотят ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ. Для Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ РСгиональном Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π° ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° сайтС:
http:// www.altaregional.org/index.cfm, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ² Π² оффис располоТСнный Π²
Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π‘Π°ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ 916-978-6400. Для Π»ΠΈΡ† ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ…
ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π°Ρ…, Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡƒΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ… Π² ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π΅, выйдя
Π½Π° ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ адрСс Π² ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ.
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ВСплая линия сСмСйный рСсурсный Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€
Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ обСспСчиваСт ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ для
Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ профСссионалов Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… с Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΉ с малСнькими Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠΌΠΈ, с
особыми Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’ услугу Π²Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ пользованиС Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ информация ΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚Π° приходящая 4 Ρ€Π°Π·Π° Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄.
Π˜Ρ… страничка Π² ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ прСдстоящих мСроприятиях ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ,
Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… собраниях, ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ…. Если Ρƒ вас Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ совСт, прСдставитСли этого Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅. Они Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ расскаТут Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ
ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°Ρ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ родитСля. Π’Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… занСсти вас Π² Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚Ρƒ ΠΈ
мСроприятия.
Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ рСсурсный Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ прСдоставляСт ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ
ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΠ± услугах ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΡƒ Π² вашСм Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅. И ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€
ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ свои ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° своСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²
Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ваш Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ всС Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅. Π›ΡŽΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚
Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ этим рСсурсным Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ. Π˜Ρ… адрСс Π² ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π΅:
http://warmlinefrc.crg ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ 1-800-660-7995.
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ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ младСнчСского развития
ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ младСнчСского развития располоТСны ΠΏΠΎ всСму ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ
ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΡ. Они ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с особыми Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈΡ… роТдСния ΠΈ
ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π² Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ:
1. 50% отставаниС Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ этапС развития
2. 25% отставания Π² Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… этапах развития
3. ΠžΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ синдромы
4. ЗаболСвания ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ: Π·Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅, Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ слуха, ортопСдичСскиС Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ,
Π³Π»ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΡ‚Π°, слСпота ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ сочСтаниС Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
НСкоторыС ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ младСнчСского развития Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ свои
услуги дСтям, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ находятся Π² рискС Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ инвалидностСй Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. К Π½ΠΈΠΌ относятся:
1. Π”Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ : ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Π±Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, ΠΏΡ€Ρ‹Π³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ; ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ; ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ носом, Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ,
Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ.
2. ΠœΡ‹ΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ : ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ.
3. CΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ: cΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ взаимодСйствия с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ.
4. РСчСвая ΠΈ языковая ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ: ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
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5. Π£ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ: всС Ρ‚Π΅ Π²Π΅Ρ‰ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΡ‹
Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ: ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, чистка Π·ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠ²,
ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅.
Π”Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с особыми Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°
младСнчСского развития ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ с обСспСчСниСм услуг сСмьям ΠΈ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Π°ΠΌ для
Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с особыми Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² этих направлСниях быстрСС,
Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ сдСлали Π±Ρ‹ это ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ. НСкоторыми ΠΈΠ· прСдставляСмых услуг
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ: рСгулярныС посСщСия Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, учитСля для ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Π΅Π² ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ,
ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ тСрапия, рСчСвая ΠΈ языковая тСрапия, физичСская тСрапия,
устная тСрапия, ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ с
вашСй мСстной ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠΉ развития ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Π΅Π².
НСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ младСнчСского развития находятся ΠΏΠΎ всСму
ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π²Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ для Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³
Π‘Π°ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ 916-228-3952. Они смогут ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅
Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ Π² вашСм Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅.
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МногиС ΠΈΠ· этих услуг ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹. ΠŸΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ
Π·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎ всСх ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ…, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° я просто ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ услуги ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ²
Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π²ΡƒΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ…?
Π£ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ свои ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ опрСдСлСния возмоТности
попадания Π½Π° ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ услуги Π²Π°ΠΌ подходят. МнСния Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ…
ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ –Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ услугам ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Ρ€Π°ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ.
НСкоторыС услуги ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ прСдоставлСны ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ агСнством, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ агСнство прСдоставит Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ услуги, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π΅ прСдоставлСны Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ·
Π½ΠΈΡ…. Позвонив Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ агСнство, Π²Ρ‹ ΡƒΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ΡΡŒ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Π°ΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ
прСдоставлСны всС Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ услуги.
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ЧЕВВЕРВАЯ ЧАБВЬ
Π Π•ΠšΠžΠœΠ•ΠΠ”Π£Π•ΠœΠΠ― Π›Π˜Π’Π•Π ΠΠ’Π£Π Π Π”Π›Π― ΠŸΠžΠ›Π£Π§Π•ΠΠ˜Π― Π‘ΠžΠ›Π¬Π¨Π•Π™
ИНЀОРМАЦИИ
Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ пособиС ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ для обслуТивания ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ быстрая ссылка для
нахоТдСния ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ. БущСствуСт ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π² Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… рСсурсах. Для Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π² вашСм поискС,
Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ рСсурсы Π² Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ…
Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² рСсурсном Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ ВСплая линия. Π’Ρ‹ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅ приобрСсти ΠΈΡ… Π²
мСстных ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ…, ΡƒΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π² ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ заказывая ΠΈΡ…. К соТалСнию,
большая Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ· этих ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³/ рСсурсов написана Π½Π° английском языкС.
ΠŸΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡƒΠΉΡΡ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎ вниманию Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ здСсь пСрСчислСнны Π½Π΅ всС рСсурсы,
Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ вашСй ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ для вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°.
Π”Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ: пособиС для Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ/
Babies with Down Syndrome: A New Parent’s Guide
Edited by Susan J. Skallerup
Third Edition, 2008 Woodbine House
Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ для сСмСй, ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎ Ρ…ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ большС ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ
ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ… пяти Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ… своСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°. Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° прСдоставляСт Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ
ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅: Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ это Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ с этим ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…
мСдицинских ослоТнСний, информация ΠΎ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅, ΠΈ ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с
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Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π—Π΄Π΅ΡΡŒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°Ρ…, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ прСпятствия ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π²Π°ΠΌ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ с Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ.
ОТиданиС Адама: ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²Π΄ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ история ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ
Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ bΠΎΠ»ΡˆΠ΅Π±ΡΡ‚Π²Π°./
Expecting Adam: A True Story of Birth, Rebirth, and Everyday Magic
By Martha Beck
2000 Berkley Trade
Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΎ сСмьС Π₯Π°Ρ€Π²Π°Ρ€Π΄, которая ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ»Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΡ… родится Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ
с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π˜Ρ… история ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠΌΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… волнСниях, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅
испытываСт оТидаСмая ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… сСмСйных ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ… Π²ΠΎ врСмя ΠΈΡ…
принятия Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° ΠΎ роТдСния Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° с ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ.
ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ: ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ./
Gifts: Mothers Reflect on How Children with Down Syndrom Enrich their
Lives
Edited by Kathryn Lynard Soper
2007 Woodbine House
Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° состоит с ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ· 63 ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈΡ… историй, написанных
матСрями, Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Книги Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ
историями Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚ роТдСния ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ становлСния взрослыми людьми. КаТдая
история ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π° ΠΈ описываСт Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ эмоции ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с
Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Одни ΠΈΠ· этих историй грустныС, Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ счастливыС, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ
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Π·Π°Ρ…Π²Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅. НСзависимо ΠΎΡ‚ чувств, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ испытываСтС Π²Ρ‹, Π²Ρ‹ смоТСтС
Π½Π°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡŽ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ ваши чувства. Π’ 2009 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ истории ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΉ для Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ с
Π²Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ ( Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ), Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π²Π½Π΅: Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉΡΡ Π½Π°
Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ./
Down (Syndrom) But Not Out: A Journey from Grief to Joy
By Joyce Sampson
2007 Pleasant Word: A division of WinePress Publishing
Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΎ ΠšΡ€ΡΠΉΠ³Π΅, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ. Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π΅ с
Π΅Π³ΠΎ сСмьСй, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ испытываСт ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ. Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ вас
Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒΠΊΡƒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ начиная ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ
образования.
ΠžΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π³Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΉ: Личная история ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡΠ° Π‘Π°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅./
A Special Kind of Hero: Chris Burke’s Own Story
By Jo Beth McDaniel
2001 Iuniverse
Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΎ ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π‘Π°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π» диагностирован с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.Π’Ρ€ΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π²Ρ‹ этой ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ написаны Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌ. ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡ Π‘Π°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅ – Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€,
ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠšΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΈ Π² сСриалС “Π–ΠΈΠ·Π½ΡŒ продолТаСтся”. Читая эту ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρƒ Π²Ρ‹
смоТСтС Π·Π°Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Тизнь ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· людСй с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ с ΠΈΡ… Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ
зрСния.
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ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΉΡ‚Π΅ ΠΈ нас: Расти с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
Counting Us In: Groving Up with Down Syndrome
By Jason Kingsley and Mitchel Levitz
2007 Harvest Books
Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΡŽΠ΄ΡΡ… с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Они дСлятся своСй
Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠΉ зрСния ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ, ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ
сСбя чувствовали. Они Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ говорят ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π΅ становлСния нСзависимыми
людьми, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΠ±Ρƒ ΠΈ появлСниС Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ. Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° написана ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡ ΠΈΡ…
язык, Π½ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ создаСт ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Тизнь с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
Π Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ умСния для Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ:
ПособиС для Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ профСссионалов./
Early Communication Skills for Children with Down Syndrome: A Guide
for Parents and Professionals
By Libby Kumin
2003 Woodbine House
Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° являСтся ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ пособиСм развития Ρ€Π°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π° Ρƒ
ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Π΅Π² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈ ΠΈ языка,
ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡ… ваТности для развития Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ.
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Π£ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ: ПособиС для Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ
профСссионалов./
Gross Motor Skills in Children with Down Syndrome: A Guide for Parents
and Professionals
By Patricia C. Winders
1997 Woodbine House
Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° написана физичСским Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ для Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ
сСмьям ΠΈ профСссионалам Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ с Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ функциями Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ для
дальнСйшСй ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ развития Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
Π£ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ:
ПособиС для Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ профСссионалов./
Fine Motor Skills in Children with Down Syndrome: A Guide for Parents
and Professionals
By Maryanne Bruni
2nd Edition 2006 Woodbine House
Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° написана ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ тСрапистом, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ подростка с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ
с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ отбрасываСт Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… тСрапистов. Книга Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ прСдоставляСт Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹
Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ занятия, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρƒ сСбя Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°.
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ПособиС ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ для людСй с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
ПособиС для поддСрТания Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ./
The Down Syndrome Nutrition Handbook: A Guide to Promoting Healthy
Lifestyles.
By Joan Guthrie Medlen
2nd Edition 2006 Phronesis Publishing
Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° прСдоставляСт Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ
Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ сСмьи Π² обСспСчСнии
своих Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ
ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ… Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ.
ΠžΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ: ПособиС для Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ
ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ./
Teaching Children with Down Syndrome to Read: A Guide for Parents and
Teachers
By Patricia Logan Oelwein
1995 Woodbine House
Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ многочислСнныС рСсурсы ΠΈ занятия для Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ
обучСния Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‡Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹
Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΡƒΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ обучСния Ρ‡Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π² школС.
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ΠžΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ людСй с Π”Π°ΡƒΡ‚ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°
ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²: ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ умСния Π²Ρ‹ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ./ Teaching Math to People with
Down Syndrome and Other Hands on Learners: Basic Survival Skills
By DeAnna Horstmeier
2004 Woodbine House
Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ многочислСнныС рСсурсы ΠΈ занятия для Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ
профСссионалов Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ основам матСматичСских
способностСй. Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° Π² Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ…. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ основным
матСматичСским умСниям, Π° вторая ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ слоТной ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ умСниям
Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π² нСзависимой ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.
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Π’Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сайты
Π§Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡƒΡŽ Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎ
Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅, Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° пСрСчислСнныС ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚-сайты, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ
ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΡƒ для сСмСй.
ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ассоциация Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°
National Down Syndrome Society
www.ndss.org
Π­Ρ‚Π° организация обСспСчиваСт Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ
исслСдований ΠΎ Π»ΡŽΠ΄ΡΡ… с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. РодитСлям совСтуСтся ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ этот
сайт ΠΈ познакомится с Π΅Π³ΠΎ содСрТаниСм.
ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠšΠΎΠ½Π³Ρ€Π΅ΡΡ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°
National Down Syndrome Congress
www.ndsccenter.org
Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ сайт ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ сСмьям ΠΈ людям с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²
члСнство. Π‘Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡŒ Ρ‡Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, сСмьи смогут ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ с новостями ΠΈ
мСроприятиями связанными с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ всСй странС.
Π˜Π½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Альянс Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ
Down Syndrome Information Alliance
www.downsyndromeinfo.org
Π­Ρ‚Π° организация создана родитСлями, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π­Ρ‚Π° организация обСспСчиваСт Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎ
мСроприятиях Π² ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ°Ρ…, ΠΎΠ± исслСдованиях ΠΈ
Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅, которая ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ большС ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ родитСлям ΠΈ людям с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
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MΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠžΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ²
Downs Ed International
http://www.downsed.org/en/gb/default.aspx
Π­Ρ‚Π° организация, которая возглавляСт сСгодняшниС Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ исслСдования ΠΎ
Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ учатся Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ. На ΠΈΡ… сайтС Π²Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ
ΠΈ рСсурсы для вашСго Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ Π΅ΠΌΡƒ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΈ расти. Она Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅
Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Downs Ed USA для Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ
профСссионалы ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ прприобрСсти ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… исслСдованиях ΠΈ
ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π», ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ
Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½: Π˜Π½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°Ρ…
Wright’s Law: Information about the Law and Rights
http://wrightslaw.com
На этом сайтС Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ смогут Π½Π°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°Ρ….
Π ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ смогут Π½Π°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎ послСдних судСбных Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ… для
ознакомлСния, ΠΈ Ссли Ρ‚Π΅ судСйскиС Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ смогут Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΡ…
ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°.
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ДСтскиС ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ для людСй с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ.
ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ список дСтских ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆ для чтСния дСтям с Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΡ… Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΠΌ ΠΈ сСстрам ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΡŒΡΠΌ.
Π£ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π° Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ. / My Friend has Down Syndrom
By Jennifer Moor-Mallinos
ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ‚! МСня Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡ‚ Бэн ΠΈ Ρƒ мСня Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ сСкрСт! / Hi! I’m Ben and I’ve Got a Secret!
By Julie A. Bouwkamp
Моя ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π° ИзабСлла. / My Friend Isabelle
By Eliza Wolosen
Π₯ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ, ΠΌΡ‹ покрасим осьминога красным Ρ†Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ. /We’ll Paint the Octopus Red
By S.A. Boden
Π― ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρƒ, моТСшь Π»ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ‹? / I Can, Can You?
By Marjorie W. Pitzer
He Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΠΉ мСня особСнным: ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ взгляд Π½Π° инвалидности. /Don’t Call Me
Special: A First Look at Disabilities
By Pat Thomas
Моя Π²Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ… ΠΈ Π²Π½ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π°./ My Up and Down and All Around Book
By Marjorie W. Pitzer
ΠœΡ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ это ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ!/We Can Do It!
By Lara Dwight
Π£ нашСго Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ. /Our Brother Has Down Syndrome
By Shelly CairΠΎ
Π‘Π°ΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΠΉ уТасный Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚. / The Best Worst Brother
By Stephanie-Boden
207
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