ALTERNATIVE CAMPING NEEDS IN THE CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS
Sampson Robert Cadeaux-Tydings
B.S., Brigham Young University, Idaho, 2006
PROJECT
Submitted in partial satisfaction of
the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
in
RECREATION ADMINISTRATION
at
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, SACRAMENTO
FALL
2011
ALTERNATIVE CAMPING NEEDS IN THE CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS
A Project
by
Sampson Robert Cadeaux-Tydings
Approved by:
, Committee Chair
Elizabeth Erickson, Ph.D.
____________________________
Date
ii
Student: Sampson Robert Cadeaux-Tydings
I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University
format manual, and that this project is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to
be awarded for the project.
_________________________, Graduate Coordinator
Greg B.C. Shaw, Ph.D.
________________
Date
Department of Recreation, Parks & Tourism Administration
iii
Abstract
of
ALTERNATIVE CAMPING NEEDS IN THE CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS
by
Sampson Robert Cadeaux-Tydings
The percentage of young adults, baby boomers, and seniors who take part in
traditional camping in California has declined in the past 10 years, California State Parks
wants to identify ways to encourage them to participate more by offering alternative
camping facilities. To find out the demographics of visitors an online survey was
administered to 3,482 California State Park visitors who had stayed in one or more
alternative camping facilities. The recommendations from this study were to keep park
fees comparable to the visitors experience, advertise more on the parks website, require
chairs at all new and existing facilities and finally provide more facilities to rent.
, Committee Chair
Elizabeth Erickson, Ph.D.
____________________________
Date
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………..vi
Chapter
1. INTRODUCTION...…………………………………………………………...……...1
2. LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………………………......5
3. METHODS…………………………………………………………………………...19
4. RESULTS…………………………………….....…………………………………....24
5. CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………...…………....34
Appendix: Survey Questions……………………………………………………………..40
References……..……………………………………………………………………….....50
v
LIST OF TABLES
Page
1.
Table 1 Participation & Importance………………………………………………38
2.
Table 2 Camping in Developed Sites & Primitive Areas………………………...39
vi
1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
California has the largest and is one of the most respected State Park systems in
the nation with a total of 278 park units and 80 million visitors per year. Thus, California
has an array of responsibilities to manage diverse park lands for a wide variety of users.
As of 2009, there were nearly two times more residents living in the Golden State
compared to just 10 years ago (California Department of Finance, 2009). Among the
many groups of residents each will have different needs when visiting California State
Parks. For example with an increasing number of retirees and persons growing older in
California, it is projected that California State Parks might experience an increase of
visitors participating in alternative camping facilities, such as tent cabins, rustic cabins
and yurts. Also, with an increasing number of younger visitors to the California State
Parks, there will be a need to provide opportunities for them to enjoy traditional and nontraditional camping experiences.
Another trend seen within the changing demographics is a desire for less
traditional camping experiences. As shown in Public Opinions and Attitudes on Outdoor
Recreation in California (2007, 1997), participation in traditional camping, such as
camping in developed sites or primitive areas and/or backpacking, has dropped nearly
10% in the last 12 months. One implication is that traditional camping is not as attractive
as it once was. The California State Parks needs to establish some ways to address the
drop in numbers. The reason that CSP may need to address these issues is a potential loss
2
of revenue. California State Parks must find ways to encourage people in all
demographics to participate more in outdoor camping, and, second, it must rethink ways
to address the decreasing number of individuals participating in traditional camping by
offering alternative camping experiences.
To help meet the changing demographics, California State Parks has considered
incorporating different types of overnight facilities, such as cabins, tent cabins, yurts,
cottages, and floating campsites, at selected sites. In the context of this paper, these
accommodations are referred to as “alternative camping.” The Department of Parks and
Recreation has developed a survey that would examine the opinions of visitors who use
alternative camping facilities. The goals of the survey were many: it has been to find out
if the current facilities are meeting the needs and demands of the different generations, to
identify better marketing strategies, to add additional amenities, and to identify whether
or not they should add alternative campsites to other state park units. The information
may help California State Parks staff be better prepared in the future to address the
changes in aging demographics and encourage visitors to participate more in outdoor
camping.
Identifying the Problem
Because the percentage of young adults, baby boomers, and seniors who take part
in traditional camping in California has declined in the past 10 years, California State
Parks wants to identify ways to encourage them to participate more by offering
alternative camping facilities.
3
Purpose of the Project
Outdoor recreation is growing in popularity, but trends show that traditional
camping is less desirable, particularly to baby boomers, seniors, and young adults. The
purpose of this study is to evaluate how the current alternative camping program at
California State Parks can address these changes in camping.
Limitations and Delimitations
A limitation to this project is that information gathering about other state park
alternative camping programs will only be done for the Pacific Western Region, namely
California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Idaho, and Hawaii. Hence, because this paper
describes one region within the United States, it limits the ability to generalize to the
general population. Another limiting factor is that there is some controversy regarding
the years encompassing each generation. Thus, a delimitation could be that these groups’
attitudes may not be representative of the general attitudes of each generation. Therefore,
for clarification, the dates for each generation were aligned with generational theory
developed by Strauss and Howe (1991) stating that retires/Silent were born between 1925
and 1942, Baby Boomers between 1943 and 1960, and Millennial Generation
(Generation Y)/young adults between 1982 and 2004. Strauss and Howe (1991) found a
fourth generation which was the 13th Generation (Generation X), the research choose to
exclude this demographic because the study focused on the needs of the new generation
of alternative campers who may not have gone camping with their families, park users
4
who may be retiring and visitors who may not be able to participate in traditional
camping experiences as they once did as adults.
Structure of Project
This project is composed of four chapters. Chapter 1 includes the introduction;
identifying the problem, need for the study, project purpose, key terms, and limitations
and delimitations of the project. Chapter 2 consists of the literature review; including
how the alternative camping program meets the challenges of traditional camping among
California’s changing demographics. This chapter also includes approaches taken by
other State Park agencies in the Pacific Western Region. Chapter 3 discusses methods
used, the purpose of the project, research questions, subjects, instrument design,
procedures, data analysis, and summary. The results of the data are described in chapter
4. Finally, the data analysis, conclusion, and recommendations for future research are
described in Chapter 5.
5
Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
“Camping entails not simply seeing nature, which one might do from a window
overlooking Central Park, but putting one’s body in nature’s midst. Preparing the body
for camping and the campsite entails a specific set of practices geared toward mitigating
the physical effects of wilderness (Kropp, 2009, p. 6)”.
Clark, Hendee, and Campbell (2009) stated that, traditionally, camping has been
valued as an opportunity to isolate oneself, to experience the primitive attractions of the
natural environment, and to temporarily escape the complexities of urban life. These
traditional camping values may still apply to some degree, but conditions in modern
public campgrounds have changed since Americans first began to camp for pleasure.
Historically, there were fewer amenities provided for traditional campers. Many modern
campgrounds, however, are largely developed with water systems, flush toilets, paved
roads, and special facilities for trailers. These modern camping amenities have become
essentials for all visitors. The following modern camping amenities, including clean
water and a place to stay without setting up a tent, have become increasingly more
important for individuals ages 65 or older. To address these concerns, California State
Parks has over 100 developed cabins, tent cabins, and floating campsites that can
accommodate the many needs of the new modern camper.
6
Alternative camping is a phrase that describes other camping facilities including tent
cabins, cabins, developed cabins, yurts, and floating campsites. Currently, alternative
camping has become very popular in state parks across the country. These facilities help
reduce the preparation time of setting up a tent and increase the feeling of safety and security
with its solid structure and lockable entry door. Finally, alternative camping may provide
more affordable place to experience the beautiful natural settings of our state parks compared
to the typical hotel in that same area.
To more clearly explain what alternative camping is and the relationship it has to
young adults, baby boomers, and seniors, the following sections will be discussed: (1)
description of aging demographic groups and how the alternative camping program meets the
challenges of traditional camping among California’s changing demographics; (2) alternative
camping programs within other State Park Departments in Pacific Western Region; (3)
visitors’ preferences for camping in the USDA Forest Service lands and the relationship they
have with cabin camping and (4) summary.
How the Alternative Camping Program Meets the Challenges of Traditional Camping
among California’s Changing Demographics
Millennial Generation (Generation Y) (1982-2004)
Strauss and Howe (1991) mentioned that not since Teddy Roosevelt have adults
made such serious efforts to take the danger out of the child’s daily life. As an example of
this mindset the country passed the first-ever bicycle helmet law and including new child
safety devices and laws for drivers. In 1988, a NASA official Thomas Paine predicted
7
that the “the first Martians are already born and toddling around somewhere here on
earth.” Although, this generation was known for being sheltered by its boomer parents
some believed that they held new perspectives from other worlds. Strauss and Howe
(2000) found that those growing up in this generation are less accustomed to unstructured
play and apprehensive of the outdoors due in part from the protective nature of their
parents. Finally, they spend most of their time indoors and leave home primarily to
socialize with friends and family.
Cody a hypothetical example grew up in a suburban neighborhood about 100
miles from the nearest state park. This distance from state parks did not allow him to
experience all nature has to offer. After graduation from high school, Cody and a group
of friends decided to move to Southern California to attend college. With the cost of rent
being so high, they chose to share a two bedroom apartment amongst the four of them.
This living arrangement enabled them to save money, but also allowed them to have a
location to hold great parties. The four of them enjoyed the socialization with all their
friends; however, after three years of college and the same party routines, Cody and his
friends were looking for new experiences. With the close proximity to a state park, he
could experience nature while socializing with his friends. However, Cody and his
friends lacked the knowledge and supplies for tent camping; therefore, cabins provided a
great alternative and still allowed them to participate in the outdoors.
The Department of Finance in California (2009) found that by the year 2030,
there will be a 20% increase in the number of young adults in California, reaching
8
approximately 13 million residents between the ages of 39 and 55 years old, many of
whom might not have engaged in much outdoor recreation. The current population of
young adults projected by the Department of Finance in California (2009) as of 2010 is
about 11 million residents. Furthermore, the U.S. Census (2005) found that the annual
household income for people between the ages of 18 and 34 years old ranged between
$24,000 and $44,000. Hotels.com (2011) found that the average cost for a hotel is $118
per night in California. The option of spending a night out may be out of reach for most.
The cost of staying at a state park cabin within a beautiful setting averages only about
$70 per night, which may be feasible for many of these potential visitors.
Those young adults whose ages fit within the millennial generation have lifestyles
that often revolve around their circle of friends. Leisure Trends (2005) found that almost
half of the Millennial Generation respondents said socializing was their number one
activity. This demographic segment could be introduced to alternative camping facilities
that would be conducive to a gathering with friends at a fairly low cost and requiring a
minimum of camping-specific personal items.
Baby Boomers (1943-1960)
Jones (1980) explained the Baby Boomer generation as being blessed from the
beginning and later described as “Great Expectations”. Strauss and Howe (1991) found
that many of this generation showed an emotional intensity that the older generations
found strange, even compulsive. As example Strauss and Howe (1991) stated exercise
faddists searched for the “runner’s high” while backpackers with graduate degrees
9
sparked a back-to-nature movement unlike anything seen since the turn of the century.
This intensity can also be seen when looking back on the anti-war protests, race riots and
the hippie movement of those times. Finally, this generation has been on the leading edge
of many of this century’s most remarkable events such as the civil rights movement, first
space shuttle to the moon and environmental movement.
Jane and John a hypothetical example have been married for 30 years. They are
both working professionals and are both established in their respective careers. Jane and
John have two grown children in college and, therefore, have become recent empty
nesters, with the exception of their Boston terrier, Buster. Looking toward retirement
within the decade, this couple, like many others in their situation, is putting any
discretionary funds toward their 401K. Although they would like to travel, they cannot
rationalize spending money on hotel rooms, airfare, and restaurant dining when they have
college tuition, a mortgage, and future retirement to pay for. However, they can
rationalize spending money on a facility that has the same basic amenities as a hotel, but
costs a fraction of the price and is set in a beautiful location.
The Department of Finance in California (2009) found that by the year 2030,
there will be a 16% increase in the number of baby boomers in California to
approximately 10 million residents between the ages of 66 and 85 years old, many of
whom formerly engaged in much outdoor recreation. The current population of baby
boomers projected by the Department of Finance in California (2009) as of 2010 is 9
million. Furthermore, the U.S. Census (2005) found that the annual household income for
10
people between the ages of 45 and 64 years old ranged between $56,000 and $61,000.
Hotels.com (2011) found that the average cost for a hotel is $118 per night in California.
The option of spending a night out could be out of reach for most. The cost of staying at a
state park cabin within a beautiful setting averages only about $70 per night, which,
again, may be more feasible to many of these potential visitors.
This demographic segment enjoys weekend outings and has income to spend on
amenities. A camping experience that somewhat replicates a hotel/motel room overnight
stay would be an attractive alternative. Staying in a cabin or yurt could be this alternative.
These adults often have animals that take the place of children in their family. They
would particularly like to be able to bring their animals with them on their outings. As
such, those animals become part of the family, but due to a strict no-dogs-inside policy,
some may feel unwelcome at parks if they want to rent a cabin. It may be beneficial for
State Parks to relax their pet policy in the alternative, more developed camping facilities
to appeal to this boomer demographic.
Silent Generation (1925-1942)
Strauss and Howe (1991) stated that the Silent Generation came of age just too
late for war-era heroism, but in time to encounter a powerful national consensus – against
which young rebels, like James Dean, found themselves “without a cause”. Conroy
(1968) admitted that this generation had no leaders, no programs, no sense of their own
power and no culture exclusively their own. Their clothing, manners and lifestyle were
only scaled down versions of what they saw in their parents. Those growing up during
11
this age looked up toward their peers who became the first America Boy and Girl Scouts.
Strauss and Howe (1991) mentioned that this generation would much prefer to discuss
processes than outcomes and find them wealthier, but more confused as to the purpose of
or their own place in life and because of that they inherited many traits from their past
cohort. Finally, those living during this age found misdirection and needed a sense of
life’s purpose.
For example, Jim was an avid outdoor hiker and camper, spent much of his young
life going on camping trips and experiencing the outdoors with family and friends. He
discovered his love for the outdoors early in life as a Boy Scout. His troop would take
trips to local state campgrounds and spend time earning their badges while also learning
about nature. As an adult, Jim shared his love of the outdoors with his own children.
They spent many summer vacations camping as a family among the historic trees in
Calaveras Big Trees State Park. As the years passed, Jim’s adult children began to have
families of their own and moved to different parts of the state. After Jim’s wife passed
away, he found solace and relief among those familiar trees. He continued to camp and
hike at his family’s favorite state park. However, like many older adults, Jim is now
unable to set up a tent, sleep on the ground or hike around to get firewood.
The Department of Finance in California (2009) found that by the year 2030,
there will be a 100% increase in the number of seniors in California to approximately 9
million residents 86 years or older, many of whom formerly engaged in outdoor
recreation, but cannot do what they used to because of debilitating medical conditions.
12
The Current population of senior’s project by the Department of Finance in California
(2009) as of 2010 is 4 million. Furthermore, the U.S. Census (2005) found that the annual
household income for people ages 65 and older ranges between $27,000 and $37,000.
Radich (2006) found that the average cost for a mid-range RV is between $57,000 and
$130,000, the option of owning an RV is out of reach for most. The cost of staying at a
state park cabin within a beautiful setting averages only about $70 per night, which,
again, may be more feasible to many of these potential visitors.
This demographic segment seeks convenience and relaxation. Older adults are
still inclined to enjoy camping, but have grown weary of the preparatory steps necessary
for camping (owning and maintaining tents, picnic shelters, etc.). For those older adults
who lack transportation, there is a need for greater accessibility by foot or wheelchair and
a desire for a less costly overnight alternative. A rustic cabin or tent cabin could provide
an inexpensive and accessible solution to those needs.
Approaches Taken by Pacific Western Regional State Park Departments
The California State Park system has experimented with alternative camping for
many years, though with mixed results. The National Association of State Parks Directors
(NASPD) 2009/10 study found that California State Parks has approximately 111 facilities
throughout their park system. The findings from past research on alterative camping within
the department before this study was complete found that the array of existing facilities has
succeeded at fulfilling a market niche. The occupancy rates have varied considerably from
place to place and should be improved. The existing facilities were developed by individual
13
districts or units and not delivered as a consistent product line across the system, which is a
key element of success in other state park systems. Also, many of the visitors are not
necessarily aware that the facilities exist. In many cases, the facilities are not available online
at the park’s central reservation system and they are only known through word of mouth.
Some of the existing facilities have not been upgraded to reflect modern practice standards,
such as ADA compliance or the proximity of running water.
Other Pacific Western Region (PWR) states’ experiences have been instructive in this
regard. Such states include Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Nevada. They reported that
yurts, rustic cabins or tent cabins, and tepees have succeeded enormously in their states. Even
though some states may have just a few, their customers seem to really enjoy their
experiences renting a yurt or cabin. Those customers overall also seem to like slightly bigger,
more amenity-rich rustic and tent cabins than are now offered in California. Information
about the alternative camping facilities elsewhere may also be easier to find, and may have
more in-depth content than is currently available in the California State Park System.
Oregon State Parks has offered yurt camping since the early 1990s and is a clear
national leader in alternative camping, with a specific “Camping Lite” brand. The
NASPD 2009/10 found that Oregon State Parks has approximately 270 facilities
throughout their park system. Occupancy rates for those facilities have been very high,
exceeding rates for traditional camp sites. The staff at Oregon’s State Parks conducted a
study of 335 customers during June 2002 to June 2003. According to the program staff,
the average length of stay at a yurt or cabin was 2.6 nights and the average number of
14
visitors who stayed in one of these accommodations was 3.5. What visitors liked the most
during their stay were heat and electricity, followed by keeping dry/shelter and comfort
and convenience. Visitors were also asked which types of yurts or cabins they would like
to see more of at Oregon State Parks and 60% reported they would prefer more basic
cabins. The study showed that the most preferred place within an Oregon State Park
campground to locate yurts or cabins was in a separate yurt or cabin area with individual
unit rentals. Finally, 90% of visitor groups reported that yurt and cabin rates were about
right. The rates are as follows: tepee is $27-$29 per night; basic rustic cabin is $20-$38
per night; deluxe rustic cabin is $45-$79 per night; basic yurt is $27-$30 per night; and,
finally, a deluxe yurt is $45-$65 per night.
The State of Washington has a newer, much smaller program than Oregon’s, but
it has been seeing similar results. The NASPD 2009/10 found that Washington State
Parks has approximately 150 facilities throughout their park system. Of these, the yurts
are placed primarily in coastal parks, whereas cabins are emphasized for the parks with
historic value. For those sites, the floor plans are the same but there are different roofs
and siding to reflect the historic theme. The staff at Washington State Parks conducted a
much smaller survey of 161 customers compared to Oregon’s much larger survey. Unlike
Oregon’s statewide emphasis, Washington focused on two state parks Fort Canby State
Park with cabins and yurts, and Dosewallips State Park with platform tents. According to
staff, most respondents who stayed in a cabin or yurt stayed between one and three days,
with parties of two to six members including children. Over 90% of respondents from
15
both state parks mentioned they would recommend the alternative camping experience to
a friend and would repeat the experience themselves. The top things visitors liked the
most during their stay was heat and warm showers, followed by convenience, comfort
and security/lighting. Finally, 90% of visitors from both parks reported they would
consider renting a cabin, yurt, or platform tent in the fall and spring, even though those
rates are as follows: basic yurt is about $45 per night; premium yurt is $45-$50 per night;
basic cabin is about $45 per night; premium cabin is $45-$50 per night; and, finally,
platform tent is about $45 per night.
Other states in the western pacific region also provide helpful insights. For
example, both Idaho and Hawaii share similar facility totals and recognize that cabins and
yurts serve a huge population that is not interested in sleeping on the ground or investing
in an RV. R. Just (personal communication, February 12, 2010) sees RV use declining in
Idaho over the next 20 years and projects the value of providing more affordable outdoor
facilities for visitors. Nevada has only one state park-run yurt. S. Gray (personal
communication, February 12, 2010) reported that the local community did not like the
idea of putting in more cabins or yurts due to the room tax being waived for visitors
staying in them.
Visitor’s Preferences on Camping in the USDA Forest Service
Federal Agencies like the National Park Service (NPS) and United States Forest
Service (U.S. Forest Service) also have tent cabins and rustic cabins within their
boundaries. Although both agencies have limited research directly on tent cabins or rustic
16
cabins, they both have significant data on visitor camping preferences. A study conducted
by the U.S. Forest Service on monitoring for quality control in campground management
was created in 1977 in cooperation with the New Hampshire Division of State Parks and
the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. Researchers found that visitors gave a higher
rank in terms of campsite privacy, safety, security, and good rules and regulations for
public campgrounds compared to private campgrounds. Another finding was that those
same visitors gave a higher rank with regard to cleanliness of restroom, availability of
firewood and supplies, recreational opportunities, and ease of check in for private
campgrounds compared to public campgrounds. Having an understanding of how visitors
rank different aspects of a campground may provide managers with better ways of
improving alternative camping in campgrounds.
A second study done in 1976 by the U.S. Forest Service evaluated the campsite
reservation system in National Parks and U.S. Forest Service land. This study found that
the top three sources of information about the camping reservation system in NPS were
friends, newspapers, and the reservation company. Although, U.S. Forest Service had
similar results, the second ranked source of information was different showing those who
went camping learned about the reservation system. These results could provide
assistance when evaluating how respondents answered how they learned about the State
Park unit for the alternative camping survey.
In 1993, the Dean Runyan Associates contracted with California State Parks to
conduct a study that evaluated travel patterns and economic impacts of campers visiting
17
California State Parks, National Parks in California, and Other Federal lands (U.S. Forest
Service, Bureau of Land Management, Corps of Engineers and Bureau of Land
Management) in California. Among those respondents in California State Parks only 2%
of respondents who camped were between 19-29 years of age. In contrast, National Park
Service found that 5% of respondents who camped were between 19 and 29 years of age.
The highest ages of campers within the three agencies were between 40 and 49 years of
age. Nearly 30% of respondents camping in those agencies had a family income showing
$50,000-$74,999. The top three sources of information for trip planning when camping in
California State Parks, National Park Service, and Other Federal lands were knowledge
from previous trips, friends/relatives, and AAA publications. Both the demographic
information and sources of trip planning could provide a better picture of potential cabin
campers and ways to publicize cabin opportunities.
Summary
This research provided knowledge about how California State Parks can adapt to the
changing aging demographic in California by offering adaptive forms of camping
facilities that will better accommodate the changing populations. This chapter explained
the successes of the States in the Pacific Western Region who have experience offering
alternative camping opportunities. Studies showing how individuals learned about
camping opportunities were also examined. These results from these studies provided
background research when writing the study conclusions and recommendations. The
purpose of this study is to evaluate how the current alternative camping program at
18
California State Parks can address these changes in camping due to a changing
demographic. To accomplish this purpose California State Parks designed a survey to
evaluate the current users of alternative camping facilities. Therefore, to explain the
survey process California State Parks staff needed to develop the purpose of the study,
the research questions, and the methods to be used in the study.
19
Chapter 3
METHODS
This chapter reviews the methodology of the survey including the purpose of the
study, the questions that were asked, subjects, survey design, procedure and the data
analysis. The subjects of this study were visitors who stayed in alternative camping
facilities during the years 2007-2010 at one or more of the following state parks or
recreation areas: Big Basin Redwoods State Park, Brannan Island State Recreation Area,
Crystal Cove State Park, Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, Hendy Woods State Park, Lake
Oroville State Recreation Area, Malakoff Diggins State Park, McArthur-Burney Falls
Memorial State Park, and Mount Tamalpais State Park. The method of collecting data
consisted of administering an online survey to more than 22,000 visitors. This method
was chosen due to the cost and feasibility of self-administering a survey to 22,361
visitors. Dillman (2000) stated that electronic surveys have the potential to reduce the
correspondence between sample size and survey cost. The contact list for the online
survey was generated by visitors who made reservations on the Reserve America website
during the time of March 2007-May 2010 and stayed in alternative camping facilities at
one or more of the state parks listed. During those years, a total of 3,482 surveys were
completed and analyzed. These surveys were than split up into the three demographic
groups: seniors, baby boomers, and young adults. The purpose of creating these
subgroups was to help address the specific needs and to find ways to encourage more
participation in alternative camping within each group.
20
Purpose of the Study
Outdoor recreation is growing in popularity, but trends show that traditional
camping is less desirable, particularly to baby boomers, seniors, and young adults. The
purpose of this study was to evaluate how the current alternative camping program at
California State Parks can address these changes in camping.
Survey Questions
The survey consisted of a mix of 22 qualitative and quantitative questions and a
link to the California State Park website. Survey questions can be found in Appendix A.
Subjects
Nearly 80 million visitors came to the California State Parks in 2007/08, and, of
those, about 8 million camped or stayed in some kind of overnight facility. The visitors
utilized a total of 14,508 facilities that included individual camping, group camping, and
non-camping overnight facilities. The subjects of this study were visitors who stayed in a
total of 111 camping facilities that included rustic cabins, tent cabins, and floating
campsites during the years of 2007-2010. The facilities were located in one or more of
the following parks: Big Basin Redwoods State Park, Brannan Island State Recreation
Area, Crystal Cove State Park, Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, Hendy Woods State Park,
Lake Oroville State Recreation Area, Malakoff Diggins State Park, McArthur-Burney
Falls Memorial State Park, and Mount Tamalpais State Park.
21
Survey Design and Procedure
To provide the relevant questions for the subjects and provide the best results for
the California State Parks staff, a survey needed to be created. The initial stage entailed
designing a survey from Adobe Professional that provided a long list of questions. This
was done to encourage park staff to review and choose the most pertinent ones for the
final survey. After the questions were narrowed down, by California Park staff the survey
was transferred to an online server called Zoomerang. This server would format the
questions and create an interactive survey so visitors could complete and submit it for
collection.
The typical procedure included an email list, generated by the reservation
company, of visitors camping at those State Parks with some kind of alternative camping
facility. This list would then be sorted in Microsoft Excel to remove any duplicates and
reviewed to ensure that the full email address was included. Following this step, the list
was sent to the online server where it was scanned for any bad emails. Once the emails
had been verified, it was sent out to the visitors. At this stage, each visitor would fill out
the survey and it would automatically be sent back to the server and analyzed. There were
a total of four separate groups who received emails during August - June 2010. The
groups were chosen by visitors who made a tent cabin, rustic cabin or floating campsite
reservations on the Reserve America website during March 2007-May 2010. Of the four
email deliver periods a total of 22,361 emails were sent out. The researcher received
3,482 completed surveys, with a response rate of 15.6%.
22
Data Analysis
After the survey data was collected from the online server, it was coded in Excel
for ease of transferability to Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS). Within the
statistical software program, each group was separated based on respondents’ response to
age in the demographic questionnaire. Dillman (2000) mentioned that in some instances
electronic surveys may result in decisions to survey entire populations rather than only a
sample. In this case the online survey asked the question “What is your age” which
provide the opportunity to analyze the entire populations within each demographic group.
Therefore, those who chose age groups 18-34 would be grouped as young adults, 45-64
would be grouped as baby boomers, and, finally, 65 or older would be grouped as
seniors. Each group was than cross-tabbed to each individual question in the survey. By
separating these subgroups and comparing them to the questions, a better method of
addressing the specific needs of each group can be discovered. In addition, the goal of
encouraging more participation in alternative camping within each group can be
accomplished.
Summary
The subjects included in this study were visitors who stayed in a total of 111
camping facilities that included rustic cabins, tent cabins, and floating campsites during
the years of 2007-2010. The facilities were located in one or more of the following parks:
Big Basin Redwoods SP, Brannan Island SRA, Crystal Cove SP, Cuyamaca Rancho SP,
Hendy Woods SP, Lake Oroville SRA, Malakoff Diggins SP, McArthur-Burney Falls
23
Memorial SP, and Mount Tamalpais SP. The survey instrument was an online server sent
out to over 22,361 emails. Data was collected from 3,482 completed surveys and
analyzed within a statistical software program. Information was than separated within the
statistical software program by demographic group and cross-tabbed to the survey
questions. The focus for cross-tabbing the demographic groups and questions was to
more clearly identify whether current facilities were meeting the needs and demands of
the different generations; to identify better marketing strategies; to determine whether
additional amenities should be added; and to identify whether or not they should add
facilities to other state park sites.
24
Chapter 4
RESULTS
Demographics:
Female respondents had the highest percentage of responses in all three groups.
Female
Male
Q16. What is your gender?
Baby Boomers 45
Young Adults 18 - 64 ages (n =
34 ages (n = 374)
1627)
%
N
%
N
64.4%
239
59.4%
956
35.7%
133
40.6%
653
Seniors 65 or Older
(n = 154)
%
N
57.0%
86
43.0%
65
White (non-Hispanic) racial/ethnic group had the highest percentage of respondents in all
three groups.
Q19. In terms of your racial/ethnic identity, which group do you individually belong to? (Choose
one)
Baby Boomers 45
Young Adults 18 - 64 ages (n =
Seniors 65 or Older
34 ages (n = 374)
1627)
(n = 154)
%
N
%
N
%
N
American Indian and/or
Alaska Native
0.0%
0
0.9%
14
0.0%
0
Asian
9.2%
33
4.4%
68
0.7%
1
Black or African American
1.4%
5
0.5%
8
0.7%
1
Hispanic or Latino
8.1%
29
4.2%
65
0.0%
0
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander
1.4%
5
1.4%
22
0.7%
1
Other / Multi-racial
5.6%
20
3.6%
57
0.0%
0
White (non-Hispanic)
74.4%
267
85.0%
1328
98.0%
145
25
Within the Young Adults group 22% said there highest combined household income was
between $50,000 to $74,999 dollars. For 29% of Baby Boomers the highest combined
income was between $100,000 to $149,000 dollars. Finally 24% of Seniors said there
highest combined income was between $100,000 to $149,000.
Q20. What is your combined household income?
Baby Boomers 45
Young Adults 18 - 64 ages (n =
34 ages (n = 374)
1627)
%
N
%
N
Less than $20,000
4.6%
16
1.8%
26
$20,000 to $49,999
19.1%
67
7.1%
102
$50,000 to $74,999
21.7%
76
15.0%
216
$75,000 to $99,999
18.3%
64
22.0%
317
$100,000 to $149,000
20.9%
73
28.5%
411
$150,000 to $199,999
10.0%
35
16.4%
237
$200,000 or more
5.4%
19
9.3%
134
Seniors 65 or Older
(n = 154)
%
N
6.6%
9
19.1%
26
18.4%
25
16.9%
23
23.5%
32
11.8%
16
3.7%
5
Within all three groups almost all respondents responded that they lived in the United
States.
Q21. Are you a resident of the United States or are you visiting from abroad?
Baby Boomers 45
Young Adults 18 - 64 ages (n =
Seniors 65 or Older
34 ages (n = 374)
1627)
(n = 154)
%
N
%
N
%
N
Yes, I live in the United
States
99.5%
372
99.4%
1616
99.4%
153
No, I'm visiting from abroad
0.5%
2
0.6%
10
0.6%
1
26
Camper Profile:
Of all three groups, respondents choose “family only” as the group with whom they
camped. This was followed by “both family and friends” or “just friends”.
Q7: Are you camping with: (Select all that apply.)
Young Adults
Baby Boomers
18 - 34 ages (n 45 - 64 ages (n =
= 374)
1627)
%
N
%
N
Both Family and Friends at the
same time
36.4%
136
39.8%
647
Family only
48.4%
181
55.3%
899
Just Friends
28.6%
107
11.9%
193
No one (I usually go alone)
1.9%
7
4.0%
65
Organized group
2.7%
10
2.5%
41
Seniors 65 or
Older (n = 154)
%
N
20.8%
59.1%
16.9%
9.1%
2.6%
32
91
26
14
4
The highest ranked camper experience for all three groups was being a seasoned camper,
followed by individuals who were occasional camper.
Q5: How would you rate your personal experience as a camper?
Young Adults 18
Baby Boomers
- 34 ages (n =
45 - 64 ages (n =
Seniors 65 or
374)
1627)
Older (n = 154)
%
N
%
N
%
N
Seasoned Camper
51.6%
193
54.5%
886
51.9%
80
Occasional Camper
41.4%
155
36.3%
590
32.5%
50
Inexperience Camper
7.0%
26
9.3%
151
15.6%
24
Within all three groups the highest percentage of respondents indicated staying 2 nights.
Seniors tended to stay longer 27.9% indicating they would stay 3 nights. Twenty six
percent of Young Adults said they would only stay one night.
1
2
3
4
5
Q11. How many nights did you stay in your cabin, cottage, floating campsite or tent cabin?
Young Adults 18
Baby Boomers
- 34 ages (n =
45 - 64 ages (n =
Seniors 65 or
374)
1627)
Older (n = 154)
%
N
%
N
%
N
26.5%
99
18.1%
294
16.2%
25
49.2%
184
43.2%
703
35.7%
55
16.8%
63
21.3%
347
27.9%
43
3.7%
14
8.9%
145
11.0%
17
2.9%
11
3.6%
59
4.5%
7
27
6
7-13
14+
0.5%
0.3%
0.0%
2
1
0
1.7%
3.0%
0.2%
27
49
3
1.3%
3.2%
0.0%
2
5
0
For all three groups the highest number of group members including yourself was 2
individuals. This could be a result of the typical rustic cabin/tent cabin or floating
campsite only holding between 1-4 individuals. Seniors tended to have more individuals
in their group 20.1% indicated they have 6-10 members. Twenty three percent of Baby
Boomers said they have 4 members including themselves on their trip.
1
2
3
4
5
6-10
11-19
20+
Q6: How many are in your group, including yourself on this trip?
Young Adults 18
Baby Boomers
- 34 ages (n =
45 - 64 ages (n =
Seniors 65 or
374)
1627)
Older (n = 154)
%
N
%
N
%
N
1.6%
6
3.4%
56
9.7%
15
36.4%
136
32.7%
532
38.3%
59
8.3%
31
11.7%
190
7.1%
11
21.4%
80
23.4%
381
17.5%
27
9.6%
36
7.3%
118
1.3%
2
19.0%
71
17.1%
278
20.1%
31
2.7%
10
3.6%
58
5.2%
8
1.1%
4
0.9%
14
0.6%
1
Cabin Location Preference:
The highest percentage of respondents within the Young Adults grouping indicated Big
Basin Redwoods State Park as being the unit they stayed in most, followed by Mount
Tamalpais State Park. Also, for the Baby Boomers and Senior groups, they indicated that
Crystal Cove State Park had the highest percentage for being the unit they stayed most in,
followed by Big Basin Redwoods State Park.
Which unit did you stay in?
Young Adults 18
Baby Boomers
- 34 ages (n =
45 - 64 ages (n =
374)
1627)
Units
%
N
%
N
Big Basin Redwoods State Park
35.6%
133
22.4%
364
Brannan Island State Recreation
Area
0.5%
2
1.0%
16
Crystal Cove State Park
18.4%
69
36.4%
593
Cuyamaca Rancho State Park
7.0%
26
5.2%
84
Hendy Woods State Park
5.3%
20
3.5%
57
Seniors 65 or
Older (n = 154)
%
N
18.2%
28
1.3%
42.9%
1.9%
2.6%
2
66
3
4
28
Lake Oroville State Recreation Area
Malakoff Diggins State Park
McArthur-Burney Falls Memorial
State Park
Mount Tamalpais State Park
10.4%
1.9%
39
7
9.6%
2.0%
157
32
9.7%
2.6%
15
4
5.9%
20.9%
22
78
7.7%
17.2%
126
280
13.6%
14.9%
21
23
Of all three groups the highest number of respondents stated that they had been to one of
the above State Parks prior to this visit.
Q8. Have you been to this State Park before?
Young Adults 18
Baby Boomers
- 34 ages (n =
45 - 64 ages (n =
374)
1627)
%
N
%
N
Yes
67.4%
252
79.3%
1290
no
32.6%
122
19.9%
324
Don't Remember / Maybe
0.0%
0
0.8%
13
Seniors 65 or
Older (n = 154)
%
N
77.3%
119
22.1%
34
0.6%
1
The top three reasons respondents choose to camp in a State Park for all three groups
were: (1) location of park, (2) this park had tent cabins, cottages, rustic cabins or floating
campsites and (3) natural or cultural features that make this park special.
Q2: What made you choose this State Park to Camp in? (Select all that apply.)
Young Adults 18
Baby Boomers
- 34 ages (n =
45 - 64 ages (n =
Seniors 65 or
374)
1627)
Older (n = 154)
%
N
%
N
%
N
Activities and programs at this park
12.6%
47
10.6%
172
9.1%
14
Cost compared to other choices
(motel/hotel, cruise, etc)
23.3%
87
23.9%
389
20.8%
32
It was recommended to me
22.9%
22
4.9%
80
3.2%
5
Location of park
73.0%
273
76.4%
1243
76.6%
118
Natural or cultural features that
make this park special
50.8%
190
50.4%
820
48.7%
75
Previous visit
35.4%
34
16.0%
261
18.8%
29
This park had tent cabins, cottages,
rustic cabins or floating campsites
70.6%
264
62.7%
1020
57.8%
89
29
Forty one percent of Young Adults found that they learned about the park by
recommendation from family or friends, followed by internet / California State Park
website and grew up nearby / live nearby. Forty three percent of Baby Boomers and forty
four percent of Seniors indicated that they learned about the park by growing up nearby /
live nearby, followed by recommended by family or friends. Baby Boomers also
indicated that the third highest way they learned about the park is from the internet /
California State Parks website.
Q9. How did you learn about this park? (Select all that apply.)
Young Adults 18
Baby Boomers
- 34 ages (n =
45 - 64 ages (n =
Seniors 65 or
374)
1627)
Older (n = 154)
%
N
%
N
%
N
By chance (drove by, etc)
4.5%
17
5.6%
91
3.2%
5
Don't remember
1.9%
7
2.3%
37
3.9%
6
Grew up nearby / live nearby
32.1%
120
42.5%
692
44.2%
68
Internet / California State Parks web
site
36.9%
138
24.3%
395
15.6%
24
Magazine or publication
4.3%
16
11.4%
185
11.0%
17
Newspaper
2.7%
10
13.8%
224
20.1%
31
Recommended by family or friends
40.9%
153
38.4%
624
33.8%
52
Road sign
1.3%
5
1.6%
26
0.6%
1
Tour book / map (AAA guide)
6.4%
24
5.0%
82
10.4%
16
Travel agency
0.0%
0
0.1%
1
0.0%
0
TV / radio
0.3%
1
1.6%
26
1.9%
3
30
The top reason why respondents within all three groups, chose to camp in a cabin,
cottage, tent cabin or floating campsite instead of traditional camping in a tent or RV was
because tent cabins or cottages are more convenient than using a recreational vehicle or
pitching a tent, followed by tent cabins and cottages offer a cleaner experience than
tenting and I don’t like sleeping on the ground and wish to experience a ‘softer’ sleeping
experience.
Q4: Why did you choose to camp in a cabin, cottage, floating campsite or tent cabin instead of
a traditional campground using a tent or RV? (Select all that apply.)
Young Adults 18
Baby Boomers
- 34 ages (n =
45 - 64 ages (n =
Seniors 65 or
374)
1627)
Older (n = 154)
%
Cabins or cottages provide better
protection from the weather
I don't like sleeping on the ground
and wish to experience a 'softer'
sleeping experience
I don't own or have access to
necessary camping equipment
I feel safer and more secure in a
tent cabin or cottage
I wanted to try something new and
or different
It is easier to camp with children in
a cabin
Tent cabins or cottages are more
convenient than using a
recreational vehicle or pitching a
tent
Tent cabins or cottages offer
a cleaner experience than tenting
N
%
N
%
N
9.6%
36
13.5%
219
11.7%
18
16.6%
62
26.4%
430
28.6%
44
14.4%
54
13.8%
225
22.7%
35
12.3%
46
17.6%
286
21.4%
33
11.8%
44
8.0%
130
8.4%
13
5.9%
22
5.9%
96
3.9%
6
34.2%
128
39.6%
644
44.8%
69
24.3%
91
27.5%
448
28.6%
44
31
Cabin Amenities and Satisfaction:
The top amenity that all three groups would like to see added to its cabins, cottages,
floating campsites or tent cabins would be a chair.
Q13. What would you like California State Parks to add to its cabins; cottages, floating campsites
or tent cabins offered at this park? (Select all that apply.)
Young Adults 18
Baby Boomers
- 34 ages (n =
45 - 64 ages (n =
Seniors 65 or
374)
1627)
Older (n = 154)
%
N
%
N
%
N
A porch with furniture
10.2%
38
5.5%
89
5.8%
9
Air conditioning/heater
5.3%
20
4.2%
68
1.9%
3
Barbecue
2.1%
8
3.0%
48
0.6%
1
Chair
44.1%
165
39.5%
643
39.0%
60
Electricity (lights or outlets)
4.5%
17
5.8%
94
5.8%
9
Kitchenette
5.1%
19
7.1%
116
3.2%
5
Mattress
7.0%
26
6.1%
100
6.5%
10
More units (tent cabins, cottages,
yurts, floating or cabins)
7.2%
27
10.8%
175
7.8%
12
Nothing, I liked it just the way it was
10.4%
39
12.4%
202
15.6%
24
Shower
7.2%
27
9.7%
158
8.4%
13
Sink
12.0%
45
10.2%
166
7.8%
12
Toilet
8.3%
31
8.9%
144
8.4%
13
32
33
Chapter 5
CONCLUSION
Outdoor recreation is growing in popularity, but trends show that traditional
camping is less desirable, particularly to baby boomers, seniors, and young adults. A
survey was designed to evaluate how the current alternative camping program at
34
California State Parks can address these changes in camping. Utilizing a quantitative
research approach, data was gathered by visitors who made a tent cabin, rustic cabin or
floating campsite reservations on Reserve America during January 2007-May 2010. Of
the four email delivery periods, a total of approximately 15,586 emails were sent out. The
researcher received 3296 completed surveys, with a response rate of 13.9%.
The survey consisted of a mix of 22 qualitative and quantitative questions and a
link to the California State Park website. The online survey asked one particular question:
“What is your age”, which provided the opportunity to analyze the entire population
within each demographic group. Therefore, those who chose age groups 18-34 would be
grouped as young adults, 45-64 would be grouped as baby boomers and finally 65 or
older would be grouped as seniors. Each group was than cross-tabbed to each individual
question in the survey. By separating these subgroups and comparing them to the
questions, a better method of addressing the specific needs of each group could be
discovered.
Discussion:
The California State Park system has experimented with alternative camping for
many years, although with mixed results. In the past, they found that many of the visitors
were not necessarily aware that the facilities exist, but as found in the 2011 study, at least
67% of all three groups said they had been to the State Park before. Another interesting
35
difference found in the past studies showed that many visitors did not have access to the
online park’s central reservation system and only knew about the parks through word of
mouth. However, in the 2011 study, 37% of Young Adults learned about the facility on
the internet/California State Parks website. Also in the past, the research found that some
of the existing facilities have not been upgraded to reflect modern practice standards and
the proximity of running water to the facility was not readily available. Conversely, in the
2011 study 90% of respondents from all three groups felt the overall condition of the unit
was in good repair and over 80% of those respondents were satisfied with the availability
to restroom and shower facilities.
Oregon State Parks and Washington State Parks performed a similar survey that
evaluated the visitors who stayed at their alternative camping facilities. During both
studies, they found that those who had gone to the facilities stayed between one and three
days, with parties of two to six members. The California State Parks alternative camping
2011 survey found similar results, showing that in all three groups those who lodged at
the facility stayed between one and three nights with parties of two to four members.
Finally, 90% of visitors from both the Oregon State Park survey and the Washington
State Park survey reported that yurt and cabin rates were about right and would consider
renting one of those facilities. About 80% of Seniors in the California State Park survey
reported that they were satisfied with the fees they paid compared to the value of their
experience. Also, the Baby Boomer group indicated a fairly low satisfaction rate
36
regarding the fees they paid, and the Young Adults reported also a fairly low satisfaction
rate with the fees.
Other states in the Western Pacific region also provided helpful insights. For
example, both Idaho and Hawaii share similar facility totals and recognize that cabins and
yurts serve a huge population that is not interested in sleeping on the ground or investing
in an RV. R. Just (personal communication, February 12, 2010) sees RV use declining in
Idaho over the next 20 years and projects the value of providing more affordable outdoor
facilities for visitors. The California State Park alternative camping survey found that
within all three groups, the top two highest reasons to choose to camp in a cabin, cottage,
floating campsite or tent cabin rather than a traditional campground using a tent or RV
were that tent cabins or cottages are more convenient than using a recreational vehicle or
pitching a tent and that tent cabins or cottages offer a cleaner experience than tenting.
Finally, a study done in 1976 by the U.S. Forest Service and a 1993 study done by
Dean Runyan Associates both found that the National Park Service top sources of
information were friends/relatives followed by newspapers/AAA publications. The top
three sources of information found for the Young Adult groups in the California State
Park survey were: “recommended by family or friends”, “internet/California State Parks
website” and “grew up nearby/live nearby.” Both the Baby Boomers and Seniors groups
rank the top two sources of information as being recommended by family or friends and
grew up nearby/live nearby.
Recommendations:
37
The potential goals of the survey are many: to find out if the current facilities are
meeting the needs and demands of the aging demographics of California, to identify
better marketing strategies, to add additional amenities, and to identify whether or not
they should add facilities to other state park sites. To help address these goals, California
State Park staff should consider implementing the following:

Make more units accessible to larger groups.

Keep the park fees comparable to the value of the visitor’s experience.

Make sure the overall condition of the unit is in good repair and cleaned when
visitors arrive.

Advertise more on the California State Park website about alternative camping
facilities.

Require chairs for future alternative camping facilities and add them to those
current units without them.

Provide more tent cabins, cottages, rustic cabins or floating campsites at different
units (This was ranked one of the highest reasons for visiting those State Parks
surveyed.)
TABLES
Table A:
Participation & Importance:
38
Participation within the last 12 Months
60.0%
Camping in
developed sites
w ith tent or
vehicle
50.0%
40.0%
Camping in
primitive areas
and backpacking
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
SPOA 1992
SPOA 1997
SPOA 2007
Rated on a scale of 1 = not at all important to 5 = very important:
How im portant is Sheltered lodging facilities such as rustic cabins,
yurts, and tent cabins 2007 SPOA
45.0%
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
25-44 (n = 535)
45-64 (n = 326)
65 or Older (n =
136)
1
2
3
4
5
Table B:
Participation within the last 12 months for Camping in Developed Sites & Primitive
Areas:
39
Camping in Developed sites with Tent or Vehicle
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
2007
30.0%
1997
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
18-34
45-64
65 or Older
Camping in Primitive areas and/or Backpacking
45.0%
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
2007
20.0%
1997
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
18-34
45-64
65 or Older
40
APPENDIX
Survey Questions
Cabin, Cottage & Tent Cabin (Alternative) Camping
Survey
Customer Feedback
Page 1 - Question 1 - Choice - Multiple Answers (Bullets)
At what State Park did you stay in a cabin, cottage, floating campsite or tent cabin? (If you
stayed in a cabin, cottage, floating campsite or tent cabin at more than one State Park between
2007 and now, please select all that apply. The rest of the survey should be based on your most
recent visit)









Big Basin Redwoods State Park
Brannan Island State Recreation Area
Crystal Cove State Park
Cuyamaca Rancho State Park
Hendy Woods State Park
Lake Oroville State Recreation Area
Malakoff Diggins State Park
McArthur-Burney Falls Memorial State Park
Mount Tamalpais State Park
Page 1 - Question 2 - Choice - Multiple Answers (Bullets)
What made you choose this State Park to camp in? (Select all that apply)
 Location of park (anything about where the park is located such as "it is close to home or

family or , its proximity to the festival or Lake Tahoe or it's where I find happiness" that
made you choose this park)
This park had tent cabins, cottages, floating campsites or cabins (you chose this park
because it offered this type of camping option)
41
 Cost compared to other choices (motel/hotel, cruise, etc.)
 Activities and programs at this park (anything about what is going on or what happens at




the park that made you choose it to camp at such as the swimming, fishing, hiking, Junior
Ranger program or the friendly staff)
Natural or cultural features that make this park special (anything that is specific to this
park such as "it has a museum, it is located on the ocean or it's where the big trees are"
that made you choose this park)
It was recommended to me (whether by a friend, family member, magazine article or
television show)
Previous visit (you've stayed at this park or another park with cabins, cottages and/or tent
cabins)
Other, please specify
Page 1 - Question 3 - Choice - One Answer (Bullets)
How difficult was it to reserve your cabin, cottage, floating campsite or tent cabin?
 I was able to confirm my reservation at the location I wanted the first time I tried
 I had to call back several times to make my reservation
 This reservation location wasn't my first choice
Page 1 - Question 4 - Choice - Multiple Answers (Bullets)
Why did you choose to camp in a cabin, cottage, floating campsite or tent cabin instead of a
traditional campground using a tent or RV? (Select all that apply.)
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I don't own or have access to necessary camping equipment
I feel safer and more secure in a cabin or cottage
Tent cabins or cottages offer a cleaner experience than tenting
Tent cabins or cottages are more convenient than using a recreational vehicle or pitching
a tent
It is easier to camp with children in cabins or cottages
I don't like sleeping on the ground and wish to experience a 'softer' sleeping experience
Cabins or cottages provide better protection from the weather
I wanted to try something new and/or different
Other, please specify
Page 1 - Question 5 - Choice - One Answer (Bullets)
How would you rate your personal experience as a camper?
 Inexperienced camper
 Occasional camper
 Seasoned camper
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Page 1 - Question 6 - Choice - One Answer (Drop Down)
How many are in your group, including yourself on this trip?
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20+
Page 1 - Question 7 - Choice - Multiple Answers (Bullets)
Are you camping with: (Select all that apply)
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No one (I usually go alone)
Family only
Just Friends
Both Family and Friends at the same time
Organized group
Other, please specify
Page 1 - Question 8 - Choice - One Answer (Bullets)
Have you been to this State Park before?
 Yes
 No
 Don't remember / maybe
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Page 1 - Question 9 - Choice - Multiple Answers (Bullets)
How did you learn about this park? (Select all that apply.)
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Grew up nearby / live nearby
Recommended by family or friends
Tour book / map (e.g., AAA guide)
Internet / California State Parks web site
Newspaper
Travel agency
TV / radio
Road sign
Magazine or publication
By chance (drove by, etc.)
Don't remember
Other, please specify
Page 1 - Heading
Keep going, the end is in sight.
Page 2 - Question 10 - Choice - One Answer (Bullets)
Was this State Park your primary destination or was this one of several stops along an extended
trip?
 Primary destination
 One of several stops
Page 2 - Question 11 - Choice - One Answer (Drop Down)
How many nights did you stay in your cabin, cottage, floating campsite or tent cabin?
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14+
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Page 2 - Question 12 - Choice - Multiple Answers (Bullets)
When did you stay in your cabin, cottage, floating campsite or tent cabin?
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June 2009
July 2009
August 2009
September 2009
October 2009
November 2009
Don't remember
Other, please specify
Page 2 - Question 13 - Choice - Multiple Answers (Bullets)
What would you like California State Parks to add to its cabins, cottages, floating campsites or
tent cabins offered at this park? (Select all that apply.)
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Electricity (lights or outlets)
Sink (including running water)
Toilet
Shower
Air conditioning/heater
Kitchenette (including stove, table, etc.)
A porch with furniture
Mattress
Chair
More units (tent cabins, cottages, yurts, floating campsites or cabins)
Bar-be-que
Nothing, I liked it just the way it was
Other, please specify
Page 2 - Heading
The next two questions look a lot alike but the first is based on satisfaction and the second on
importance.
45
46
Page 2 - Heading
Whew! I'm sure you're glad those two questions are over. The survey is almost finished now!
Page 2 - Heading
The remaining questions give us better information about State Park visitor characteristics.
Please note that your responses are anonymous and you will not be identified in any way with
this information.
Page 2 - Question 16 - Choice - One Answer (Bullets)
What is your gender?
 Male
 Female
Page 2 - Question 17 - Choice - One Answer (Bullets)
What is your age?
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18 - 24 years
25 - 34 years
35 - 44 years
45 - 54 years
55 - 64 years
65 - 74 years
75 years or older
47
Page 2 - Question 19 - Choice - One Answer (Bullets)
In terms of your racial/ethnic identity, which group do you individually belong to? (Choose one)
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Hispanic or Latino
Asian
Black or African American
White (non-Hispanic)
American Indian and/or Alaska Native
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
Other / Multi-racial
Page 2 - Question 20 - Choice - One Answer (Bullets)
What is your combined household income?
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Less than $20,000
$20,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $74,999
$75,000 to $99,999
$100,000 to $149,999
$150,000 to $199,999
$200,000 or more
Page 2 - Question 21 - Choice - One Answer (Bullets)
Are you a resident of the United States or are you visiting from abroad?
 Yes, I live in the United States [Skip to 3]
 No, I'm visiting from abroad [Skip to 4]
48
Unconditional Skip to End
Page 3 - Question 22 - Open Ended - One Line
What's your zip code at home?
Unconditional Skip to End
Page 4 - Question 23 - Choice - One Answer (Bullets)
Please tell us what country you are visiting from.
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Australia
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
China
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
India
Ireland
Israel
Japan
Mexico
New Zealand
Norway
Russia
Scotland
South Africa
Sweden
Switzerland
The Netherlands
United Kingdom
Other, please specify
49
Thank You Page
See, that wasn't so bad. Your responses will help California State Parks make future visits a
better experience for everyone. Thank you for taking the time to tell us how you feel.
<http://www.parks.ca.gov/>
50
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