The Civil War
1861-1865
Questions for Reading
• Who debated? What were they running
for? What was the key issue they
debated? Who won the election?
• What happened at Harpers Ferry?
Review
• What were the two ways that the U.S. acquired
territory west of the Mississippi River?
• A = La. Purchase & War w/ Mexico.
• What was the significance of Marbury v.
Madison?
• A = Established precedent of judicial review.
Mo Review
• Describe the Pro-slavery argument.
• What was the Dred Scott case?
• What were the three compromises arrived
at as the country expanded west?
• A = Missouri comp.; Comp. of 1850; and
the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Some Mo Review
• What was “Popular Sovereignty”?
• What was “Bleeding Kansas”?
• Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin and why was it
upsetting to people In the South?
• Who were the two most famous abolitionists?
• A = Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd
Garrison
Sectional Tension
• Westward Expansion and slavery.
• Remember:
– Missouri Compromise
– Compromise of 1850
– Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Dred Scott Case (1857)
• Slave who sued for his freedom
because he had been taken by his
master to free states.
• Supreme Court ruled:
– A. Slaves are not citizens.
– B. Government does not have the
right to prevent slavery in territories
(Missouri compromise is thus
unconstitutional).
John Brown
• Radical Abolitionist.
• Leads a raid on Harper’s Ferry
(1859).
• Wanted to give weapons to
slaves so they could rebel.
• Is captured and hung.
• Anti-slave people call him a
martyr.
• South considers him to be
crazy.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• 1858 Senate race in Illinois.
• Series of debates between the
candidates—Republican Abe
Lincoln and Democrat Stephen
Douglas.
• Main issue they debate is what
to do about the issue of slavery
in the western territories.
• Douglas win the election, but
Lincoln becomes famous
throughout the country.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
The Election of 1860
• Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate for
President, is against the extension of slavery into the
western territories.
• Does not think blacks are equal to whites but thinks
slavery is bad for white self-making.
• Some in the South say that they will secede (leave the
Union) If he is elected President.
Election of 1860
Lincoln wins
• The South secedes.
• They form The
Confederate Sates of
America.
• Some southern
“Border” states stay in
the union.
The Beginning of the fighting
• South Carolina
attacks Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861.
Northern Advantages
• More Manufacturing
• More Railroads
• Larger Population
• Mo Money
Southern Advantages
• Better Military
Leadership
• Can fight a Defensive
war
• Fighting in cause they
believe in.
• Cotton
Modern Warfare
• First “modern War.”
• Ironclads
• Landmines
• Repeating Weapons
• Improved artillery
• Railroad & Telegraph
Northern Leaders
• Pres. Abe Lincoln
• Generals:
– U.S. Grant
– William T. Sherman
Southern Leaders
• President: Jefferson
Davis
• General Robert E.
Lee
Northern Goals
• Preserve the Union—
NOT TO END
SLAVERY
• Key Strategy—Naval
Blockade
Draft Riots
• Both the Union and the
Confederacy begin to
draft soldiers.
• Rich people could buy
their way out of it or hire
substitutes.
• In New York, there were
draft riots (mostly poor
Irish).
The Emancipation Proclamation
• In 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation that threatened to free slaves in
any territory still in rebellion by 1863.
• Only takes effect as the Union army captures
Confederate territory.
• Important symbolically because it now made the
war about ending slavery.
Andersonville
• Southern Prisoner of
War Camp
Facts about the Civil War
• 1861-1865— North Wins.
• More than 600,000 Americans die.
• Lincoln is assassinated
• Slaves are freed by 13th Amendment
• South Destroyed by “Total War.”
Lee Surrenders to Grant at
Appomattox Court House
Review
• What was the cause of sectional tension
between the North and the South?
• Who was John Brown and how was he viewed
by the North and the South?
• What political party did Abe Lincoln belong to?
• What were Lincoln’s feelings about African
Americans and Slavery?
• Why did the Southern states begin to secede?
• What was the beginning of fighting during the
Civil War?
• What were the Northern advantages when the
war broke out?
• What were the Southern advantages?
• Who was the President of the South during the
Civil War?
• Why were there draft riots in the North?
• What was Andersonville?
• How did the “Emancipation Proclamation”
change the purpose of the war?
• Who won the Civil War and what years was it
fought?
• Describe the Dred Scott case.