Watching what people do The information must be observable Helpful conditions: ◦ the behavior is repetitive and of short duration Marketing Research 7/17/2016 1 Overview of Research Methods Understanding of problem Poor EXPLORATORY or SECONDARY RESEARCH Good Objective answers by asking? No OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH Need estimates of prevalence? Yes No FOCUS GROUPS Yes SURVEY Natural versus Contrived • Physical trace Open versus Disguised • A.K.A. visible vs. invisible • Generally disguised is okay in public place (clothing store) but not okay in private place (dressing room) Structured versus Unstructured Mechanical versus Human (Ethnographic) Marketing Research 7/17/2016 3 7/17/2016 Marketing Research 4 7/17/2016 Marketing Research 5 7/17/2016 Marketing Research 6 7/17/2016 Marketing Research 7 7/17/2016 Marketing Research 8 7/17/2016 Marketing Research 9 Traffic Counters • Time and flow in retail stores Behavior Measurement • People Reader: reading habits Physiological Measurement • EEG: electroencephalogram • GSR: galvanic skin response • Pupilometer: pupil dilation Marketing Research 7/17/2016 10 Marketing Research 7/17/2016 11 Store traffic ◦ How many people enter store, ◦ When? (rate) Scanner Based • Store scanners read the UPC codes on products and produce instantaneous information on sales Marketing Research 7/17/2016 12 People Meter Measures TV and radio audiences Nielsen (TV) diary, panel, People Meter ◦ Arbitron (Radio) diary, Portable People meter Marketing Research 7/17/2016 13 One Way Mirror Observations Observing a group discussion as it unfolds Shopper Patterns and Behavior Tracing the flow of shoppers through the store Content Analysis Analysis of written material for insights into strategy Marketing Research 7/17/2016 14 Two different approaches to Marketing Research Attitudinal Researchers • Focused on what consumer THINK • feelings, attitudes & thoughts Behaviorists (scanner researchers) • Focused on what consumers DO • quantitative, mathematical modelers, statisticians Marketing Research 7/17/2016 15 Advantages: ◦ We see what people actually do ◦ May avoid interviewer bias ◦ Minimizes demand effects, social desirability bias ◦ Accesses info respondents can’t remember accurately Disadvantages: ◦ No information on motives ◦ Time-consuming and expensive Marketing Research 7/17/2016 16 Marketing Research 7/17/2016 17