Terms 9
Definitions and Questions
HTML
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup
Language and is the computer language
used to design web pages. HTML has
been in use by the World-Wide Web
(WWW) global information initiative since
1990.
HTML defines the structure and
layout of a Web document by using a
variety of tags and attributes.
DHTML
DHTML(Dynamic HTML) is a technology that enables a
web document to be dynamic. DHTML is NOT
JavaScript, but rather, a generic enhancement to the
browser itself that allows elements to be moved around,
content to appear and disappear, text to change even
after the document has loaded etc. JavaScript (or any
other scripting language, for that matter), merely
provides the means to access these enhancements.
DHTML is not a programming language, but a feature.
DHTML has compatibility problems between browsers.
XML
XML stands for " Extensible Markup Language ".
XML is a new computer language used to write
web site pages and allows web site designers
much more freedom to design web site pages
they want.
Due to HTML being a rigid language a lot of
people expect XML to become more popular
than HTML with web site designers.
XML allows users to write their own customized
tags and much more.
XHTML
Short for Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, a
hybrid between HTML and XML specifically designed for
Net device displays.
XHTML is a markup language written in XML; therefore,
it is an XML application. XHTML markup must conform to
the markup standards defined in a HTML DTD. When
applied to Net devices, XHTML must go through a
modularization process. This enables XHTML pages to
be read by many different platforms.
HTML, etc. Q/A
Q: In the context of these languages, what
is the WWWC?
A: The WWWC, also referred to as the
W3C, is the World Wide Web Consortium.
They approve the standards which define
these languages. www.w3c.org
FTP
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP), a standard Internet
protocol, is the simplest way to exchange files between
computers on the Internet.
 Like the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which
transfers displayable Web pages and related files, and
the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), which
transfers e-mail, FTP is an application protocol that uses
the Internet's TCP/IP protocols.
 FTP is commonly used to transfer Web page files from
their creator to the computer that acts as their server for
everyone on the Internet. It's also commonly used to
download programs and other files to your computer
from other servers.
SSH
Secure Shell is a program to log into
another computer over a network, to
execute commands in a remote machine,
and to move files from one machine to
another.
It provides strong authentication and
secure communications over insecure
channels.
Used here at IU instead of FTP
MIME
Short for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions,
a specification for formatting non-ASCII
messages so that they can be sent over the
Internet.
Many e-mail clients now support MIME, which
enables them to send and receive graphics,
audio, and video files via the Internet mail
system. In addition, MIME supports messages in
character sets other than ASCII.
MIME is also used by Web Servers to identify
the files they are sending to Web Clients.
FTP / SSH / MIME Q/A
Q: There are two versions of SSH: SSH1
and SSH2. Are they compatible with each
other? Which version does IU prefer?
A: SSH2 is a complete re-write of the SSH
protocol, and is more secure than, but not
compatible with, SSH1. IU prefers SSH2.
Cybersquatting
Derived from the term squatting – the practice of building a home or
dwelling on someone else’s property without permission.
Cybersquatting refers to the practice of buying up domain names that use
the names of existing businesses with the intent to sell the names for a
profit to those businesses.
If you are a victim of cybersquatting, You can either sue to get your domain
name and possibly some money damages under a 1999 federal law known
as the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, or you can initiate
arbitration proceedings under the authority of the Internet Corporation of
Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and win the name back without the
expense and aggravation of a lawsuit.
Cybersquatting originated at a time when most businesses were not savvy
about the commercial opportunities on the Internet. Some entrepreneurial
souls registered the names of well-known companies as domain names,
with the intent of selling the names back to the companies when they finally
woke up. Panasonic, Fry's Electronics, Hertz and Avon were among the
"victims" of cybersquatters.
Opportunities for cybersquatters are rapidly diminishing, because most
businesses now know that nailing down domain names is a high priority.
Cybersquatting Q/A
Q: Give two reasons anti-cybersquatting
laws can be a bad thing.
A:
1.
2.
3.
They stifle free speech – why can’t I register
www.enronsucks.com ?
They alienate diehard supporters – many
sites such as www.porshefanclub.com have
been sued
The “biggest” corporation often wins –
Nissan motors vs. Nissan Computer Corp.
SPAM
Unsolicited junk email - generally advertising for some product sent
wide-scale to a mailing list or newsgroup. There are a number of
ways you can find yourself on a spammer's email list, including
signing up for newsletters that sell lists of their clients' email
addresses, listing your email address on a webpage or newsgroup,
or even by choosing an email address that spammers may be able
to guess.
Spam refers to electronic junk mail or junk newsgroup postings.
Some people define spam even more generally as any unsolicited
e-mail. In addition to being a nuisance, spam also eats up a lot of
network bandwidth. Because the Internet is a public network, little
can be done to prevent spam, just as it is impossible to prevent junk
mail. However, the use of software filters in e-mail programs can be
used to remove most spam sent through e-mail.
SPIM – Unsolicited commercial messages sent over IM
Banner Ads
A web banner or banner ad is a form of advertising on the World
Wide Web. This form of online advertising entails embedding an
advertisement into a web page. It is intended to attract traffic to a
website by linking them to the web site of the advertiser. The
advertisement is constructed from an image (GIF, JPEG), JavaScript
program or multimedia object employing technologies such as Java,
Shockwave or Flash, often employing animation or sound to
maximize presence.
Banner ads also offer different Click Through Rates (CTR) to
advertisers. The CTR is the percentage of click-troughs (the
number of customers who visit the ad’s site) to banner views,
meaning a 1% CTR says that 1% of each 1000 viewers have clicked
through. Site owners are paid based on how many people click on
the banners
Banner ads were once very effective in web marketing. Today,
people aren’t clicking the ads as much and the death of the ads has
been discussed. Some software can also detect banner ads and
replace them with monochromatic blocks
Pop-up ad
A form of online advertising intended to increase
web traffic or capture email addresses. It works
when certain web sites open a new web browser
window, usually a small window, that suddenly
appears ("pops up") in the foreground of
the visual interface.
Pop-ups can be initiated by a single or double
mouse click or rollover and might simply be
timed to occur as well. The pop-up window
containing an advertisement is usually
generated by JavaScript, but can
be generated by other means as well.
Pop-up ad
Pop-under ad
A window that is created but temporarily
"hidden" behind the window of a Web
site that the user has chosen to visit.
When the visitor leaves the site that
was being visited, the pop-under window
becomes visible. Pop-unders are
generally used for advertising. Although
some users find pop-unders to be
intrusive, advertisers generally report good
results.
Pop-up blocker
A program that prevents pop-ups from displaying in a
user's Web browser. Pop-up blockers work in a number
of ways: some close the window before it appears, some
disable the command that calls the pop-up, and some
alter the window's source HTML.
One problem with pop-up blockers has been that they
cannot always differentiate between an unwanted popup window and one that is user-requested.
Programs that can consistently do so are sometimes
referred to as intelligent pop-up blockers.
Pop-up Q/A
Q: Most pop-up blockers respond to new
browser windows spawning by closing them.
How might this be a bad thing?
A: If you frequently open pages in new windows,
or use an email client that opens messages in
new windows, this feature can be annoying.
Q: How are ad companies reacting to pop-up
blockers?
A: Windows Messenger Service and ‘Hover Ads’
using DHTML