FH_Chem 1A_Sp12
Foothill College
Ashok Sinha, PhD
Office Hrs: MW 1:15-1:45 pm, Rm 4301
Spring 2012 E-mail: asinha071@yahoo.com
Prerequisites :
(Chem. 25 or passing score on the Chem. Placement Exam) and Math 105
Course Outline
Chemistry 1A is the first of a three quarter General Chemistry course. Topics covered this quarter include: fundamental chemical principles; the components of matter; quantitative chemical analysis and stoichiometry; chemical reaction types and solution chemistry; thermochemistry; quantum theory; electron configurations; chemical bonding models. The lab is an introduction to the basic methods of chemical experimentation with a strong emphasis on quantitative chemistry.
Expected Student Outcome
“Student Learning Outcomes” for Chemistry 1A are identified from “Expected Outcomes” given in Foothill College’s course outline of record. In addition “Global Outcomes” have been identified for the course. To view the Expected Student and Global Outcomes refer to the website at www.foothill.edu/psme/larson .
R EQUIRED M ATERIALS
 Textbook: Brown, LeMay, and Bursten, Chemistry: The Central Science, 12 th edition.
 Mastering Chemistry Online: An access code comes packaged with NEW textbooks purchased at the bookstore; otherwise you must purchase access separately at http://www.masteringchemistry.com/site . See the website at www.foothill.edu/psme/larson for further details and instructions.
 Online access and printer capabilities (color printing recommended).
 Lecture Notes: Available online at www.foothill.edu/psme/larson/
 Scientific Calculator: (TI-83, -84 or -86 recommended.)
 Access to a computer for webpage: Dr. Sinha's web page (or copy and paste this address at your browser's address space, http://www.sinhainstitute.com/FH_Chemistry1a.php)
For Chemistry 1A Lab:
 Selected Experiments for Chem. 1A Lab: Available online at:
(1) http://web.me.com/r.s.daley/Labs/Laboratory_Files.html
 Scientific Calculator: TI–83, –83 plus, –84 or –86 needed for use with the LabPro equipment
(stockroom has calculators that can be checked out for use during lab)
 A copy of Graphical Analysis software by Vernier: Supplied by the department for students to copy and return; you do not need to purchase a copy. Graphical Analysis is also on the computers in the PSME Center for student use.
 Safety Goggles ( (Z87 rated with splash guards) or Visorgogs: Must be purchased from
Foothill Bookstore or approved by instructor.
O PTIONAL R ECOMMENDED M ATERIALS
 Roxy Wilson, Chemistry: The Central Science Solutions to Red Exercises., Prentice Hall,
2005. ISBN 0131464868. Available at the Foothill bookstore.
 Old clothes for lab.
Page 1 of 10

FH_Chem 1A_Sp12
Foothill College
 Neoprene disposable gloves
Ashok Sinha, PhD
S TUDENT INSTRUCTIONS FOR ACCESSING / REGISTERING FOR THE TEXTBOOK ’ S WEBSITE
Your textbook comes with access to a companion website that offers you additional resources to help you master the material. Included in your MediaPak is a Student Accelerator CD. For people with dial up internet service, this serves as a resource of media animations and movies that works in conjunction with the online resources to speed up download and interaction with the media.
It contains all the same movies, animations and simulations found on the website. Included on the website are:
 Chapter Summaries
 Practice questions that provide immediate feed back.
 An eMedia Library for each chapter that includes some great animations and activities. The eMedia Exercises at the end of each chapter references these.
 Virtual ChemLab Worksheets-These are worksheets to be used with the Virtual Chemistry
Lab CD-ROM that comes with your MediaPak.
 A Math Tool Kit-This includes tutorials with practice questions. For instance, there is a tutorial on significant figures and a tutorial on conversion factors.
To access/register for the companion website do the following:
1.
Start by entering the URL of the textbook into your web browser: www.prenhall.com/brown
2.
Choose: 12 th edition Companion Website with Grade Tracker
3.
Click on Register (You can also choose to first “Take a Tour” to get information on the process.)
4.
Type in the information requested on the Access Information Page. You will be asked to create a login name and password. You will also need to type in Foothill College’s zip code that is 94022.
5.
Provide the information requested on the Account Information page. You will be asked for your name, an e-mail address and your school (Foothill). You will also retype your password and set up a security question in case you should forget your password.
6.
You will next receive a Confirmation and Summary.
7.
After confirmation, you can log-in and use the Companion Website.
NOTE: The extent to which you make use of the website support materials is up to you.
Using the website will most likely benefit your exam grades of you use these resources to practice more!
You can get other help in the following manner:
 Email at asinha071@yahoo.com
 Tutoring Center: See the website www.foothill.edu/tut for hours and location.
Page 2 of 10

FH_Chem 1A_Sp12
Foothill College

Ashok Sinha, PhD
The PSME Center: This is located in 4213. Help is available from a wide variety of tutors/instructors. Visit the first week of classes (it opens on Wednesday) for the current tutor schedule or go to the PSME website at https://sites.google.com/site/foothillpsmecenter/home .
In order to use the facility throughout the quarter, you must enroll in CHEM 100, CHEM 100X or
CHEM 100Y by the end of the second week of classes. All of these courses are pass/no pass and will give you complete access during operating hours to the PSME tutoring facilities during the quarter.
CHEM 100 is a 0.5 unit course that requires you to be logged into the PSME Center for a total of 18 hours during the quarter to pass. CHEM 100X is a 1.0 unit course (requiring 36 hours) and CHEM
100Y is 2.0 units (requiring 72 hours). Add codes may be obtained at the center.
Home Work :
Online home work is assigned from Mastering General Chemistry website .
( www.masteringchemsitry.com/site)
The Course ID for Chemistry 1A Spring 2012 is : FHCHEM1ASP12SINHA
A detailed procedure about how to register and log on to the web site is shown in the instructor's web page. Mastering Chemistry is a web based tutorial/homework program.
A significant portion of your overall grade will be based upon the use of this software.
Therefore, access is required!
Expect to spend an average of about 5 hours a week on the online homework. The access code for Mastering Chemistry is specific for the textbook, is valid for 18 months and follows you from course to course (Chemistry 1A to 1B to 1C). You only need one access code. You can purchase access separately online from the publisher.
LECTURE CONTENT :
TEXT
COVERAGE
KEY CONCEPTS NOTES
ONLINE
HOMEWORK
DUE DATE
RECOMMENDED TEXT
PROBLEMS
(These problems are NOT graded and
NOT covered in the online homework.)
Chapter 1 all sections
 classification of matter
 significant figures
 dimensional analysis
This material should be review. Limited in class time will be devoted to this chapter. Review on your own.
Practice and become fluent with dimensional analysis.
April 16
2, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 19, 23,
33, 35, 37, 58, 59, 63, 71
Page 3 of 10

FH_Chem 1A_Sp12
Foothill College
Ashok Sinha, PhD
TEXT
COVERAGE
Chapter 2 all sections
Chapter 3 all sections
Chapter 4 all sections
KEY CONCEPTS
 atomic structure
 atomic mass
 nomenclature
 the mole
 stoichiometry
 limiting reactant
 electrolytes
 classification of reactions
 net-ionic equations
 molarity
Chapter 5 all sections except
Bomb
Calorimetry
 enthalpy
 calorimetry
 Hess’s law
Chapter 6 all sections
Chapter 7 all sections
 quantum mechanics
 orbitals
 electron configurations
 effective nuclear charge
 periodic trends
 main-group chemistry
NOTES
ONLINE
HOMEWORK
DUE DATE
RECOMMENDED TEXT
PROBLEMS
(These problems are NOT graded and
NOT covered in the online homework.)
This material should be review.
Make sure you know how average atomic mass is determined.
Nomenclature will be covered in lab.
Conversion between moles, mass, number should be perfected.
Limiting reactants will be extremely important.
Know your reaction types.
Make sure you understand electrolytes and net-ionic equations. Concentration and dilution very important.
The sign conventions for heat flow (q) are very important, understand them and their meaning!
Skip Bomb (constant volume) Calorimetry p 178-179
Understanding orbitals and electron configurations is key to your understanding of some later concepts
This is descriptive chemistry. Recognize, apply and explain the observed trends.
April 22
May 6
1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 19, 21, 23,
29, 31, 47, 53, 57, 59, 73,
75, 77, 90, 105
1, 3, 9, 10, 15, 17, 19,
25a, 27, 29, 71, 72,
Part 1: May 9
Part 2: May 13
(Make sure you allot enough time to complete homework for this chapter!)
May 20
1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15,
17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29,
30, 31, 32ac, 33, 34, 35,
39, 43, 45, 47, 53bcd,
57ab, 58, 71, 92, 106
1, 5,11 ,19 ,21, 22, 23,
25, 26, 29, 31, 33, 39, 41,
47, 49, 51, 67, 69, 102,
104a
104a answer is 35.4 kJ
June 3
June 10
2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14,
33, 35, 49, 51, 53, 55,
57ab, 59acd, 61, 63, 64,
65, 67, 71, 73, 90, 92a
4, 11, 15, 23, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31, 37, 39, 41, 43, 44,
51, 53, 57, 61, 63, 71,
73ac, 75, 78, 85, 93, 95,
98
Page 4 of 10

FH_Chem 1A_Sp12
Foothill College
Ashok Sinha, PhD
TEXT
COVERAGE
KEY CONCEPTS NOTES
ONLINE
HOMEWORK
DUE DATE
RECOMMENDED TEXT
PROBLEMS
(These problems are NOT graded and
NOT covered in the online homework.)
Chapter 8 all sections
Chapter 9 all sections except 9.7 and 9.8
 ionic and covalent bonds
 electronegativity
 Lewis structures
 molecular shapes
 molecular polarity
 hybrid orbitals
You must be able to do
Lewis structures flawlessly. Understanding electronegativity, resonance, bond energies and the differences between ionic/covalent bonding is a must.
Memorize the basic shapes. Completely understand hybridization.
Skip 9.7-9.8, MO theory, but read “A Closer
Look” on pages 363-364.
June 17
June 28
1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 15,
21, 23, 27, 31, 37, 41, 49,
51, 53, 62, 71a, 73, 85
2, 4, 5, 7, 13, 15, 17, 23,
24, 29, 34, 35, 37, 39, 41,
43, 45, 47, 57, 59, 60, 61,
65, 67, 92d, 94, 101
Since there is a prerequisite for this course, you are already expected to be familiar with some of the material.
For example, you should be familiar with most of the following topics:
 Chapter 1-Elements, compounds, mixtures, physical and chemical properties, physical and chemical changes, units of measurement, the metric system, significant figures and unit conversions.
 Chapter 2-Basic atomic structure and theory, the nuclear atom, atomic number, isotopes, the periodic table, ions (cations and anions) and naming inorganic compounds.
 Chapter 3-Balancing chemical equations, the mole (Avogadro’s number), molar mass, converting between moles and grams.
 Chapter 4-Acids and bases, solution concentration (molarity) and dilution.
Although only limited lecture time will be spent to review this material, you will be tested on it.
E
XAMS
/ G
RADING
P
OLICIES
A letter grade will be assigned according to the following percentage scale:
A+

95% A

90% A

88% B+

86% B

80% B

78%
C+

75% C

65% D+

63% D

57% D

55% F <55%
Your overall percentage for the course will be based upon lecture and lab work as follows:
Three integrated exams
Comprehensive final exam*
42%
20%
Online homework (Mastering Chemistry) 12%
Page 5 of 10

FH_Chem 1A_Sp12
Foothill College
Lab Reports, Prelabs & Postlabs
Subjective Grade
24%
2%
Ashok Sinha, PhD
*If your final exam percentage score is higher than the score of the lowest of the 3 exams, then your final exam will increase to 28% of your course grade and the lowest exam will be dropped to 6% of your course grade.
If your average percent is failing (< 55 %) on either the exams or lab you will not receive a passing grade in this course.
If a medical emergency warrants absence from lab then I must be notified in advance of the absence. A passing grade in the lab is required in order to pass the class. There will be no makeup exams under any circumstances . Absence from the final will result in a failing grade in the class.
At any point during quarter, a student can calculate his/her approximate grade from this general formula: 0.6 x (% of mid term total) + 0.4 x (Lab report total) and then comparing the number with the above scale.
R
ULES OF
C
ONDUCT
 Dropping the class is student’s responsibility: A student planning to drop the class should officially do so; otherwise the student would be assigned an “F” grade.
 Academic Dishonesty will not be tolerated in any form. Penalties for cheating include failing marks and possible expulsion. Allowing another person to copy your work constitutes academic dishonesty, and will be treated as such. You may read more about Foothill
College’s Academic Honor Code on the college website: www.foothill.fhda.edu
. A brochure published by the college is available upon request.
 Please practice common courtesy during lecture. Be prompt, turn off your cell phone or pager, and save any comments or questions for relevant discussion with the entire class. Save your snacks/lunch for breaks.
 Prepare for class in advance. You’ll make the most of lectures and save everyone time during question/answer periods if you review the chapter briefly before class.
 Discussion of specific questions in the class. Schedule a private meeting (via email) if needed.
 Attend lectures regularly. Lectures provide an opportunity to ask questions and help to direct study of the textbook for exams. Repeated absences from lecture typically lead to poor performance.
 Chemical Disposal: As a concern for the environment, proper chemical disposal is essential.
Students who do not comply with directed procedures may be dropped from the course for repeated offenses. Check with the lab instructor for specific directions.
FAQ: How do I get a good grade in general chemistry?
R
EALIZE THAT YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE
,
THROUGH YOUR OWN HARD WORK AND EFFORTS
,
FOR YOUR
SUCCESS . NO EXCUSES! M Y ROLE AS YOUR INSTRUCTOR IS TO BE YOUR GUIDE , TO OFFER
INSIGHTS INTO THE MATERIAL AND TO HELP WHEN YOU ARE HAVING DIFFICULTIES
. I
CANNOT
Page 6 of 10

FH_Chem 1A_Sp12
Foothill College
Ashok Sinha, PhD
LEARN THE MATERIAL FOR YOU . S ET HIGH PERSONAL GOALS FOR LAB WORK AND EXAMINATIONS
AND FOCUS ON LEARNING
,
NOT JUST THE GRADE
. T
HE FOLLOWING OFFERS SOME MORE DETAILED
SUGGESTIONS :

Develop good study habits. To be successful in General Chemistry you must have good study habits. For ANY
CLASS, the recommended study time is AT LEAST 2 hours outside time per hour of lecture. Including regular lecture and lab lecture, we have 5 hours of lecture per week in General Chemistry. This means that you should study outside of class AT LEAST 10 hours per week . This is for every week of the quarter, not just the week or weekend before an exam. Cramming does not generally work for chemistry! Be sure to make the study time count by removing distractions-for instance, do not watch television or carry on conversations while studying. Also, make sure that you are well rested and eat healthy so that your brain can function at its best! Studies have shown that a person’s I.Q. temporarily declines when they are sleep deprived.

Read the textbook regularly and carefully.
Do not be surprised or alarmed if you must read the material two or three times to gain a full understanding of it. This is normal for a chemistry class! In fact, you should read the sections in the textbook to be covered in lecture BEFOREHAND! This will make it much easier for you to follow the lecture and take good notes.

Come to lecture prepared to learn.
Prepare by reading the textbook ahead of time and coming to lecture alert and ready to learn. Bring a pencil or pen, paper and your calculator.

When you need help, come to office hours prepared.
Keep a list of questions to bring when you come in for help. Bring a pencil or pen, paper and your calculator. If you have trouble solving a homework problem, bring the work you have done on it so far.

The night before exams should be spent reviewing what you have already learned.
Pulling an “all nighter”
(or cramming) just before an exam will result in work that is not to the best of your ability. This type of studying can also result in a lack of confidence and extreme nerves during the exam.
 Do the suggested homework problems. A major key to a good grade in chemistry is to practice problem solving.
This tests you on your knowledge and prepares you for exams.
The problems at the back of each chapter are designed for this purpose. If you cannot do the problems in the back of each chapter in a reasonable amount of time without referring to the text or solutions manual, you may not pass the course. For assigned problems that do not have answers in the back of the text, see the instructor to check your work. In addition to the assigned problems from the text, there are eMedia Exercises at the back of each chapter that make use of the Companion Website. These are not assigned, but you can use them to further test your knowledge of the material and some of them are fun!
Page 7 of 10

FH_Chem 1A_Sp12
Foothill College
Wk Date
Ashok Sinha, PhD
FH_Chem1A_Sp12, (Tentative S
CHEDULE
)
1
2
3
4
Wk
5
6
7
Mon, Apr 09
Wed, Apr 11
Mon, Apr 16
Wed, Apr 18
Fri Apr 20
Mon, Apr 23
Wed, Apr 25
Fri Apr 27
Mon, Apr 30
Date
Mon, May 07
Wed, May 09
Mon, May 14
Wed, May 16
Mon, May 21
Wed, May 23
Wed, May 02
Lecture MW(12:00-1:15pm)
(Room 4301)
Lab MW(LL:2:00-2:50pm, Rm 5620;
Lab:3:00–4:50pm, Rm 5621)
Green Sheet
Chapter 1
Chapter 1,2
Introduction to Lab &
Review Significant Figures
(Worksheet-Hand Out)
Safety Worksheet & Locker Check-in
ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY!
Chapter 2
Ch 1 HW due Apr 16
* Measurements, Significant Figures, and
Graphing EXPT (PreLab Due)
Chapter 2, 3
Read Appendix A and B to prepare!
(Safety Quiz)
Measurement Discussion & Analysis
Nomenclature Worksheet
($20 LOCKER DEPOSIT DEADLINE)
D EADLINE TO D ROP A CLASS WITH A REFUND
Chapter 3
Chapter 3, 4
*Density of 7-Up & Diet 7-Up EXPT
(PreLab Due)
Density of 7-Up & Diet 7-Up Data Analysis
D EADLINE TO DROP WITHOUT A G RADE
Exam1
(Ch 1, 2, 3)
Chapter 4
Solubility Rules, Types of Reactions and
Net Ionic Equations EXPT
(P RE L AB D UE )
Solubility Rules, Types of Reactions and
Net Ionic Equations Data Analysis
Lecture MW(12:00-1:15pm)
(Room 4301)
Chapter 4
Lab MW(LL:2:00-2:50pm, Rm 5620;
Lab:3:00–4:50pm, Rm 5621)
Chapter 4, 5
Standardization of a NaOH Solution EXPT
(PreLab Due)
Molar Mass of an Unknown Solid Acid
Ch 4 Part 1
HW due May 9
Chapter 5
EXPT
(PreLab Due)
Heats of Reaction EXPT
(PreLab Due)
Chapter 5,6 Heats of Reaction Data Analysis
Exam 2
(Ch 3,4,5)
Chapter 6
Synthesis of a Green Salt: Part A EXPT
(PreLab Page 1 Due)
Analysis of a Green Salt: Part B EXPT
(See the next page)
Page 8 of 10

9
10
11
12
FH_Chem 1A_Sp12
Foothill College
Wk Date
8 Mon, May 28
Wed, May 30
Fri, Jun 01
Mon, Jun 04
Wed, Jun 06
Mon, Jun 11
Wed, Jun 13
Mon, Jun 18
Wed, Jun 20
Mon, Jun 25
Wed, Jun 27
Ashok Sinha, PhD
Lecture MW(12:00-1:15pm)
(Room 4301)
MEMORIAL DAY
HOLIDAY
Chapter 6
Chapter 8
(Lewis Structures covered in lab)
Chapter 8, 9
Lab MW(LL:2:00-2:50pm, Rm 5620;
Lab:3:00–4:50pm, Rm 5621)
MEMORIAL DAY
HOLIDAY
Analysis of a Green Salt:
Parts C and D EXPT
Read Appendix C to prepare!
(PreLab Page 2 Due)
D EADLINE TO DROP WITH A ‘W’: No exceptions to this rule.
Chapter 7 Data Analysis for Green Salt
Chapter 7, 8
Exam 3
(Chapters 5, 6, 7)
* Light, Color and Emission Spectroscopy
(PreLab Due)
Lewis Structures Worksheet
Finish Lewis Structures Worksheet
Molecular Geometries Worksheet
Chapter 9-Wrap Up
(Most of 9 covered in lab.)
Review
Final Exam ( Cumulative)
Ch. 1-9
Finish Molecular Geometries Worksheet
Locker CHECK-OUT
MONDAY: NO LAB
(Office Hours During Lab)
CH 9 HW due June 28
Page 9 of 10

FH_Chem 1A_Sp12
Foothill College
Ashok Sinha, PhD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
87
1
1A
1
H
1.0079
3
Li
6.941
11
Na
12
Mg
22.990
24.305
19
K
20
Ca
39.098
40.078
37
Rb
85.468
Fr
(223)
2
2A
4
Be
9.0122
38
Sr
87.62
88
Ra
(226)
3
39
Y
3B
21
Sc
44.956
88.906
55
Cs
56
Ba
132.91
137.33
57 - 71
La-Lu
13
3A
14
4A
15
5A
16
6A
17
7A
2
He
4.0026
5
B
6
C
10.811
12.011
7
N
8
O
14.007
15.999
9
F
10
Ne
18.998
20.180
4
4B
22
Ti
23
V
47.867
50.942
24
Cr
25
Mn
51.996
54.938
40
Zr
91.224
5
5B
41
Nb
92.906
6
6B
42
Mo
95.94
7
7B
43
Tc
(98)
8
8B
9
8B
10
8B
11
1B
26
Fe
27
Co
55.845
58.933
28
Ni
29
Cu
58.693
63.546
12
2B
30
Zn
65.39
13
Al
14
Si
26.982
28.086
15
P
16
S
30.974
32.066
31
Ga
69.723
32
Ge
72.64
33
As
74.922
34
Se
78.96
17
Cl
18
Ar
35.453
39.948
35
Br
79.904
36
Kr
83.80
44
Ru
45
Rh
101.07
102.91
46
Pd
47
Ag
106.42
107.87
48
Cd
49
In
112.41
114.82
50
Sn
51
Sb
118.71
121.76
52
Te
53
I
127.60
126.90
54
Xe
131.29
72
Hf
178.49
89 -103
Ac-Lr
104
Rf
(261)
73
Ta
180.95
105
Db
(262)
74
W
75
Re
183.84
186.21
106
Sg
(266)
107
Bh
(264)
76
Os
77
Ir
190.23
192.22
78
Pt
79
Au
195.08
196.97
108
Hs
(277)
109
Mt
(268)
110
Ds
(281)
111
Uuu
(272)
80
Hg
81
Tl
200.59
204.38
82
Pb
207.2
112
Uub
(285)
114
Uuq
(289)
83
Bi
208.98
84
Po
( 209)
85
At
(210)
18
8A
86
Rn
(222)
Lanthanide
Actinide
57
La
58
Ce
138.91
140.12
89
Ac
(227 )
90
Th
232.04
59
Pr
60
Nd
140.91
144.24
91
Pa
231.04
92
U
238.03
61
Pm
(145 )
93
Np
(237)
62
Sm
63
Eu
150.36
151.96
94
Pu
(244 )
95
Am
(243)
64
Gd
157.25
96
Cm
(247)
65
Tb
66
Dy
158.93
162.50
67
Ho
68
Er
164.93
167.26
97
Bk
(247)
98
Cf
(251)
99
Es
(252)
100
Fm
(257)
69
Tm
70
Yb
168.93
173.04
101
Md
(258)
102
No
(259)
71
Lu
174.97
103
Lr
(262)
Some Constants & Conversion Factors :
(1) Avogadro number: N = 6.022 x 10 23 /mole constant: h = 6.626 x 10 -34 J.sec
(2) Planck’s
(3) Gas Constant: R = 0.0821atm L/mol K or R = 8.3145J/mol K
Light: c = 2.997 x 10 8 m/sec
(5) Electronic Charge: e = 1.602 x 10 -19 Coulomb
760mm Hg = 760 torr (12) K = ºC + 273.15 ºC; (13) ºC /5 = (ºF – 32) / 9
(14) 1 m = 100 cm; (15) 1 nm = 10 -9 m; (16) 1 pm = 10 -12 m; (17) 1 L = 1000 cm 3
10 3 g; (19) 1 g = 10 3 mg; (20) 1lb = 453.6g.
(4) Speed of
(6) π
π = 3.14159
(7) 1 joule = 1 kg. m 2 /s 2 = 0.239 calorie = (1 coulomb) x (1 volt); (8) 1 calorie = 4.184 joules (9) Faraday’s
Constant: F = 9.648 x 10 4 coulomb /mol electron; (10) 1 pascal = 1 Newton / m 2 = 1 kg/m.s
2 ; (11) 1 atm =
(18) 1 kg =
Page 10 of 10