7 on 7 Outdoor Soccer
Training
Spring 2009
DIMENSIONS & MARKINGS
Maximum 130 yds (120 m)
Optional
Flag
Minimum 100 yds (90 m)
Corner Flagpost
and Corner Arc
Halfway Line
Corner Flagpost
and Corner Arc
Penalty
Area
Center
Mark
Penalty
Mark
Penalty
Arc
Corner Flagpost
and Corner Arc
Touch Line
Penalty
Center
Circle
Mark
Penalty
Arc
Halfway Line
Goal
Penalty
Area
Optional
Flag
Corner Flagpost
and Corner Arc
Maximum 100 yds (90 m) Minimum 50 yds (45 m)
Touch Line
Goal
Starting the Game


Introductions
Referee tosses coin, who calls it?




Winner picks end to attack
Loser gets to kick-off
Be friendly, cordial and brief


Traditionally the visiting captain
Do not coach or lecture
Start game on time
Starting Mechanics
One minute before kick-off:
 Assistant Referees
supervise bench area
 line up with 2nd last defender
 count players in their half
 unfurl flag to signal readiness


Referee
supervises clearing of the field
 visually checks with AR’s for readiness

Kick-Off Starting Mechanics
At kick-off:
 Each team in own half of field
 Defenders at least 10 yards from ball
 Ball stationary on center mark
 Referee gives a signal for kick-off
(How?)
 Ball is in play when it is kicked and
moves forward
Kick-Off Infractions



Players in wrong half of field
Ball does not move forward
Taken before referee’s signal


Retake the kick
Kicker plays ball a second time
“double-touch”

IFK to opponent
BALL OUT OF PLAY
Only two methods of stopping play:
 Whole ball crosses a boundary line
 The referee stops play
The ball is in play at all other times!
BALL IS IN PLAY
1.
If ball rebounds from
1. Goalpost,
or
2. Crossbar, or
3. Corner flagpost and remains in
the field of play
4. Referee or Assistant Referee, if
they are on the field of play
2.
Until the referee stops play for any
reason
BOUNDARY LINES
Lines belong to the areas of which
they are boundaries
This includes:
 Touch lines
 Goal lines
 Goal areas
 Penalty areas
 Corner areas
BALL CROSSING LINES
A ball may cross a boundary line on the
ground or in the air
A ball is not out if any part of the ball is on or
above any part of the line
BALL NEAR LINE
?
Ball above the line is still
“touching” outside plane of line
CURVING BALL BLOWN BACK
Field of Play
Out of Play
PERSPECTIVE
Assistant Referee’s view
Unsure of who the ball went out
on…or extenuating circumstance?
Restart with a dropped ball at spot
The Throw-in
DEFINITION – THROW-IN
Method of restarting play when
whole ball has crossed the
touch line.
Throw-in awarded to
opponents of the player who
last touched the ball.
REQUIREMENTS
Thrower must:





Deliver from point where ball crossed line
(within 1 yard)
Face field of play with some part of body
Have part of each foot either on the touch
line or on the ground outside the touch line
Use both hands
Deliver ball from behind and over the head
TECHNIQUE

Face the field of
play

Deliver ball from
behind and over
head
HANDS
Both hands on ball -----
FAIR
----if only one hand guiding ball
FOUL
Use common sense
LOCATION OF FEET
Part of each foot on or behind touch line
RESTART
Ball is in play when:
 Ball enters field of play, and
 Has left hands of thrower
NOTE:
A “soft” or “slow” throw-in motion is legal.
A properly executed “flip throw” is legal.
PLACEMENT
Awarded from
the point where
it crossed the
touch line
If not, it shall
be considered
to be
improperly
thrown
REFEREE TECHNIQUE

Referee or Assistant Referee should
indicate place from which the throwin should be taken

If taken
from
improper
point,
throw-in
awarded to
other team
INFRACTIONS

Thrower plays ball second time
before ball touches another player


Improperly thrown or from wrong
point


“Double touch” - IFK to opponents
Throw-in to opponents
Ball thrown directly into opponents’
goal

No goal - restart with goal kick
INFRACTIONS
1.
1.
1.
Ball thrown directly into own goal
No goal - restart with corner kick
Ball thrown directly into opponent’s
goal
No goal - restart with goal kick
Ball does not enter field
Retake throw-in
INFRACTION BY OPPONENT

If an opponent unfairly distracts or
impedes the thrower…
they are Cautioned for
“unsporting behavior”
and shown the yellow card.
But .… use Common Sense!
Goal Kicks
A goal kick is awarded
when the whole ball has:
A. Crossed the goal line in the air or
on the ground
B. Was last touched by an attacker
C. A goal was not scored
Note:
Anything not standard equipment
on the goalposts is considered
out of play
WHERE
A goal kick is taken from
anywhere in the goal area.
RESTART




Ball is placed in the goal area
Any defensive player may take kick
Whole ball must leave the penalty
area on first touch
If ball touched prior to leaving the
penalty area

Retake the goal kick
SPECIAL SITUATIONS


If anything happens before the whole
ball exits the penalty area, the goal
kick is retaken
WHY?
The ball is not in play yet.
Note:
An attacking player is not offside at the
taking of a goal kick
POSITIONING ON A GOAL KICK
All attackers must be and remain outside of
penalty area until ball has cleared the penalty
area.
GOAL KICK ENTERING GOAL
A goal kick kicked directly into:
 Opponent’s goal award GOAL, restart with kick-off
 Own goal - retake goal kick
Corner Kicks
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Definition of a corner kick
Where corner kick is taken
Ball placement
Encroachment
Additional points
Dangers
DEFINITION
A corner kick is awarded when the
whole ball has:
 Crossed the goal line in the air or on
the ground
 Was last touched by a defender
 A goal was not scored
WHERE
The corner kick is taken from the
quarter-circle at the nearest
corner to where the ball crossed
the goal line.
Corner flagpost shall not be
removed
or
moved from a vertical position
PLACEMENT
Correct positioning
Incorrect position
The ball shall be
placed inside the
quarter-circle
Correct positioning
Must be in contact with
some part of the quarter
circle
ENCROACHMENT
10 yards
Opponents
shall retire
10 yards
away from
the ball !
ADDITIONAL POINTS



Kicker may not “double touch” the
ball
A goal may be scored directly from a
corner kick
May not declare a player offside who
receives the ball directly from a
corner kick
DANGERS

Corner kicks are a potentially
dangerous situation!
Before ball is in play:



Pushing and jostling for position
Hold up kick and warn or Caution
After ball is in play:


All fouls per Law 12
Penalize per Law 12
Goal Scoring

A goal is scored when the whole ball
has:
Crossed the goal line
 Between the uprights (goalposts)
 Under the crossbar
 Provided that no infringement of the
Laws of the Game has been committed
previously by the team scoring the goal.
 And it was propelled in a legal manner.

WHAT’S A GOAL? AND WHAT’S NOT?
No Goal
No Goal
Goal
No Goal
EXCEPTIONS

A goal cannot be scored directly
from:
An indirect free kick (IFK)
 Any free kick into your own goal
 A throw-in

OUTSIDE INTERFERENCE

If the ball is prevented from passing over
the goal line by an “outside agent”




A spectator
An animal
Another ball
Any other thing
Dropped ball where contact was made
*except in the goal area
THE WINNER IS...
1.
2.
The team scoring the most goals
during the match is the winner
Referee never decides the winner
Fouls and
Misconduct
Fouls
Fouls
F A I R
P L A Y
TOPICS

Major (Penal) fouls
Involving Careless, Reckless, or
Excessive Force
 Other major fouls




Major Foul restarts
Minor fouls (technical infractions)
Minor Foul restarts
DEFINITIONS
Careless \ adj 1: unconcerned,
indifferent 2: not showing care
Reckless \ adj 1: lacking caution
: rash syn: headlong, hasty
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing
team if a player commits any of the following
six offenses in a manner considered by the
referee to be careless, reckless or using
excessive force:
1.
2.
3.
Kicks or attempts to kick an opponent
Trips or attempts to trip an opponent
Jumps at an opponent
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing
team if a player commits any of the following
six offenses in a manner considered by the
referee to be careless, reckless or using
excessive force:



Strikes or attempts to strike an
opponent
Charges an opponent
Pushes an opponent
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Kicking or attempting to kick an opponent
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Kicking or attempting to kick an opponent
Foul tackle from behind - may be kicking or tripping
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Kicking or attempting to kick an opponent
“Over the ball” tackle - may be
kicking and serious foul play
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Tripping or attempting to trip an opponent
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Tackler makes
contact with ball
first, player trips
over ball or legs
near ground
Not a Foul!
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Jumping at (into) an opponent
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Charging an
opponent
(carelessly,
recklessly or
using
excessive
force)
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Charging an opponent
(Carelessly, recklessly or using excessive force)
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Strikes or attempts to strike an
opponent
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Strikes or attempts to strike an
opponent
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Pushes an
opponent
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
A direct free kick is awarded to the
opposing team if a player commits any
of the following four offenses:
Holds an opponent
 Spits at an opponent
 Handles the ball deliberately (except for the

goalkeeper within his/her own penalty area)

Tackles an opponent to gain possession of
the ball, making contact with the opponent
before touching the ball
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Holds an opponent
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Holds an opponent
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Holds an opponent
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Spits at an opponent
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Handles the ball deliberately
INTENT


However...
Ball strikes player on arm - and - ball
falls to player’s feet and he/she gains
control
No Foul!
Reasoning…
Player did not initiate the action
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Unintentional contact
not a foul
Did ball hit arm?
Or
Did arm hit ball?
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Tackles an
opponent to gain
possession of the
ball, making
contact with the
opponent before
touching the ball
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS
Restart with a Direct Free
Kick at point of infraction
Except when foul occurs by
defender within the defender’s
penalty area
in which case a Penalty Kick
shall be awarded.
MINOR (NON-PENAL) FOULS
Goalkeeper inside own penalty area:
1. Takes more than 6 seconds while
controlling the ball with his/her hands
before releasing it from his/her possession
2. Regains hand control prior to touch by
another
3. Touches ball with hands after deliberately
kicked by team-mate
4. Touches ball with hands after throw-in by
team-mate
MINOR (NON-PENAL) FOULS
Takes more than 6 seconds while
controlling the ball with the hands to
release it from her/his possession.
MINOR FOULS (NON-PENAL)
Touches the ball again with his/her hands after
it has been released from his/her possession
and has not touched any other player.
MINOR (NON-PENAL) FOULS
Touches ball with hands after it has been
deliberately kicked to him/her by a
teammate
MINOR (NON-PENAL) FOULS
Touches ball with hands if received
directly from throw-in by teammate
MINOR (NON-PENAL) FOULS




Plays in a dangerous manner
Impedes the progress of an opponent
Prevents goalkeeper from releasing
ball from his/her hands
Commits any offense, not previously
mentioned in Law 12, for which play
is stopped to caution or dismiss a
player
MINOR (NON-PENAL) FOULS
Playing in a dangerous manner
(to an opponent)
Teammate doesn’t count
MINOR (NON-PENAL) FOULS
Playing in a dangerous manner
(an opponent)
Teammate doesn’t count
MINOR (NON-PENAL) FOULS
Impeding the progress of
an opponent
MINOR (NON-PENAL) FOULS
Prevents the
goalkeeper
from releasing
the ball from
his/her hands
MINOR (NON-PENAL) FOULS
Restart with a Indirect
Free Kick at point of
infraction
EXCEPT…
- by defenders within their own goal area …kick taken from anywhere within goal area.
- by attackers in opponent’s goal area …move ball to out to closest point on 6 yard line.
Free Kicks
“The way play is
restarted after the
referee has
stopped play for
an infraction”
THERE ARE ONLY 2
TYPES OF FREE KICKS
DFK (Direct Free Kick)
IFK (Indirect Free Kick)
DIRECT FREE KICK
GOAL!
B
A



One of the 10 major (penal) fouls
Can score directly against opponent
Outside penalty area of offending team
INDIRECT FREE KICK
GOAL!
B
A



One of the 8 minor fouls (technical infractions)
Cannot score directly against opponent
Must touch another player!
FREE KICK “RULES”





Ball must be stationary
Played in any direction
No “double touch”
No encroachment
Restart signal requirements
“Quick” restart
 “Ceremonial” restart



Cannot score directly against self
Point of infraction (2 exceptions)
GOAL AREA REQUIREMENTS
Exception #1
If given to a team within own goal area,
1.
2.
All opponents must be out of penalty area
Ball must clear penalty area prior to 2nd touch
GOAL AREA REQUIREMENTS
Exception #2
IFK in opponent’s goal area is moved out to
the nearest point on the goal area line
PENALTY AREA REQUIREMENTS
Also, if given to a team within their own penalty area


All opponents must be out of penalty area
Ball must clear penalty area prior to 2nd
touch
“QUICK” FREE KICK

Kicking team has a right to a quick
restart if they wish to use it
Opponents must retire 10 yards
 Opponents have no right to form a wall


As referee, encourage the “quick”
restart
“QUICK” FREE KICK

Do not interfere unless:
Kicking team insists on 10 yards
 Encroachment is severe
 “Quick” restart is not taken



Kicker restarting prior to the
opponents retiring is at risk of losing
possession
Hand signal if IFK
“QUICK” FREE KICK GUIDELINES

Opponent retiring and kicker makes
mistake and kicks ball to opponent


Opponent retiring, but deflects ball
when kicked right by him/her


No offense - kicker at risk
Warn player - retake kick if no goal results
Opponent not retiring and makes an
effort to intercept the ball.

If player succeeds, Caution player - retake
kick
“CEREMONIAL” FREE KICK






Organized “defensive wall”
Clearly show kicker to wait for whistle
Be “first brick” in the wall - 10 yards
Bring opponents to you
Move to your next position
Signal for restart
When you are ready
 As soon as possible

ENCROACHMENT
10 yards
in all
directions
Failure
to respect
the required
distance is
a cautionable
offense
ENCROACHMENT
Opponents must retire 10 yards with one exception,
if they’re between goalposts and on the goal line.
RESTART MECHANICS

Point direction!


Indicate IFK if appropriate


Players want/need to know if they are
“attacking” or “defending”
Players want/need to know if they can
score directly from this kick
Indicate position of ball
RESTART MECHANICS

Position defenders




Do not allow encroachment
Position yourself
Indicate IFK if appropriate
Signal for restart

Use whistle if “ceremonial” kick
BALL IN PLAY VS. GOAL SCORED
A.
Ball is “in play” when:
A. Kicked
and moves and
B. Leaves penalty area (if appropriate)
B.
Goal can be scored when:
A. Ball
is “in play”
B. Ball is touched by 2nd player on IFK
C. Ball is kicked into opponents goal
The Referee

TOPICS
Duties of the Referee
 When to penalize
 Advantage Law
 Powers of the Referee
 Coaching from the boundary lines

DUTIES OF THE REFEREE






Enforce the Laws of the Game
Controls match using Assistant
Referees
Ensures game ball meets
requirements
Inspects players’ equipment
Acts as timekeeper & records game
Ensures bleeding player leaves field
DUTIES (Continued)




Punishes the more serious of two
offenses
Acts on advice from neutral assistant
referees on incidents he/she has not
seen
Not allow persons on field without
permission
Restarts match after a stoppage
Decisions of the Referee
The decisions of the referee
regarding facts connected with
play are final.
Those facts include whether a
goal has been scored or not and
the result of the match.
Decisions of the Referee
The referee may only change a
decision on realizing that it is
incorrect or, at his/her discretion,
on the advice of an assistant
referee, provided that he/she has
not restarted play.
When to Penalize
The Laws of the Game are intended to provide
that games should be played with as little
interference as possible, and in this view it is
the duty of the referees to penalize only
deliberate breaches of the Law. Constant
whistling for trifling or doubtful breaches
produces bad feeling and loss of temper on the
part of the players and spoils the pleasure of
the spectators.
REFEREE / Assistant Referees

Referee decides all calls


An effective Referee uses assistant
referees
Assistant Referees assist the
Referee
Did referee have clear view?
 Was the assistant referee closer?


Referee may use AR’s information

including cancellation of goal
REFEREE / Assistant Referees

Referee has duty to act upon
information
of incident the referee did not see
 when the AR is closer to the action

ADVANTAGE LAW
Allows play to continue when the
team against which an offense has
been committed will benefit from
such an advantage and penalizes
the original offense if the
anticipated advantage does not
ensue at that time.
ADVANTAGE LAW




Once decided, referee may revoke
his/her decision if the presumed
advantage does not materialize
The foul “Goes Away” unless referee
decides, within 2-3 seconds, that the
original advantage does not materialize
Misconduct always stays
You may caution or send-off at the next
stoppage of play only
ADVANTAGE LAW
• Verbal - “PLAY ON!”
• Visual - Arms swing in front
• Can change mind if advantage doesn’t occur
ADVANTAGE LAW
Example:
Defensive player wants to attack on
goal stopped. Fouls attacker.
Attacker not stopped by foul.
If referee stops game for that foul,
then referee is doing the defender’s
job for them (stopping attack), thus
“advantage” goes to offending
(defensive) team.
POWERS OF THE REFEREE




Stops, suspends or terminates the
match for any infringements
Stops, suspends or terminates the
match for outside interference
Stops the match for serious injury
Allows play to continue for minor
injury
POWERS (Continued)




Applies “Advantage Law”
Issues cautions and send-offs
Reports or expels team officials for
misconduct or irresponsible behavior
Reverses a decision prior to restart
TECHNIQUES OF OFFICIATING





Know the Laws
Be firm, not overbearing
Indicate your decision - Do not
explain it
Be near the play - Do not be in the
play
Use common sense
PRE-GAME ORGANIZATION
The referee and assistants should
arrive early (at least 30 minutes) to
complete the following tasks:
 Inspection of field




Markings, nets, goalposts, safety
issues
Conduct a pre-game meeting
Check players’ equipment
Check game balls
Note: You should never be the cause of a delayed start.
PRE-GAME ORGANIZATION
The referee and assistants should
arrive early (at least 30 minutes) to
complete the following tasks:
 Inspection of field




Markings, nets, goalposts, safety
issues
Conduct a pre-game meeting
Check players’ equipment
Check game balls
Note: You should never be the cause of a delayed start.
Timing

Time shall be added for:
time lost for substitutions
 assessment of injury to players
 removal of injured player from field
 wasting time
 any other cause


Amount of time is at referee’s
discretion
SIGNALS

Visual


Hand or flag
Audible

Verbal or whistle
Note: Whistle tone should be varied
according to the situation.
SIGNALS
Corner
kick
Goal kick
SIGNALS
Penalty kick
SIGNALS
Indirect free kick
Direct free kick
SIGNALS
Play on!
Throw-in
Advantage
SIGNALS
Caution
Send-off
(yellow card)
(red card)
SIGNALS
Second
Cautionable
offense
First show yellow card
Then show red card.
CRITICAL TECHNIQUES
Fitness:


Must get to drop zone -- near center
of action
Must be within 10 - 20 yards of
significant challenges
CRITICAL TECHNIQUES (cont’)



Eye contact – keep your head up!!!
At every stoppage - make eye
contact with assistants to ensure that
you know if they have information for
you.
After foul - make eye contact with
player who fouled as you point
direction.
CRITICAL TECHNIQUES (cont’)
Proximity to fouls when:




Challenge was very hard/ physical
A player remains on the ground
Opponents are not departing the area
You must move in quickly to control
the situation and prevent/stop/deal
with misconduct
CRITICAL TECHNIQUES (cont’)




Watch play - not the ball
Ball gone - start move to next
position, watch for late contact
Ball coming - move to position, watch
for foul prior to ball arriving
Set plays - vary position, use voice to
manage players, signal when ready
The
Assistant
Referees
ASSISTANT REFEREE DUTIES
Indicate:





Ball out of play
Side entitled to corner kick, goal kick
or throw-in
When a player may be penalized for
being in an offside position
When a substitute is requested
When an incident has occurred out of
the view of the referee
ASSISTANT REFEREE DUTIES
subject to the decision of the referee, are
to indicate:
 when offenses have been committed
whenever the assistants are closer to the
action than the referee (this includes, in
particular circumstances, offenses
committed in the penalty area)
 whether at penalty kicks, the goalkeeper
has moved forward before the ball has
been kicked and if the ball has crossed the
line

COMMUNICATIONS




Good communication is essential
Eye contact at every opportunity
Verbal contact only as necessary
The assistant referees provide
information and the referee makes
the decisions
COMMUNICATIONS
Whenever the ball is out of
play, the referee and the
assistant referees have the
opportunity to exchange
information
MECHANICS

Assistant referees shall patrol:
Off the field, along the touch line
 One-half of the field only
 Even with second-to-last defender
 Follow all balls to goal line


Special situations / Set plays

Follow pre-game instructions
MECHANICS
AR 2
Spectator side
Team side
AR 1
MECHANICS
It is
important to
be in the
correct
position
ASSISTANT REFEREE SIGNALS
For most situations, the raised flag tells
the referee all that is needed
1.
Stop the game
1. Foul
2. Ball
out of play
3. Goal
4. Offside
2.
3.
4.
Ball not correctly placed
Ball did not leave penalty area
I need to have a chat with you
ASSISTANT REFEREE SIGNALS
Throw-in
Corner kick
Goal kick
ASSISTANT REFEREE SIGNALS
Offside or
Stop play
Offside Far side
Offside Near side
Offside Center
ASSISTANT REFEREE SIGNALS
Foul - Flick or
wave flag
Substitution
requested
FLAG TECHNIQUES




Flag to field side, always in referee’s
view
Switch flag while hands are low
Flag motionless while running
When signaling, stop, face field,
stand erect and make eye contact
with referee
FLAG TECHNIQUES


Lower flag as soon as referee
acknowledges it
Flag signals are straight
point finger along stick
 flags are an extension of your arm



No cross body signals
Flag is controlled up, lazy coming
down
ASSISTANCE IN GAME CONTROL




Fouls / misconduct behind referee’s
back
Fouls / misconduct when referee is
shielded by players’ bodies
Verbal misconduct out of earshot of
referee (bench personnel or players)
Reflect other assistant referee’s flag
ASSISTANCE IN GAME CONTROL

Flag up for serious misconduct
ASSISTANCE IN GAME CONTROL

Give opinions on points of fact when
requested by the referee
What you saw
 What you heard
 Be specific - not vague

Offside
EXPLANATION
Offside refers to the English term for
a team - SIDE - thus…
When a player is in “offside”
position, they are “off their team” and
cannot participate in that play.
O-F-F-S-I-D-E
ELEMENTS OF THE LAW
Position
nearer to opponent’s goal line than the
ball and
 the second last opponent (last but one)


Unless
is in own half of the field
 is level (even) with second last opponent
 is level with the last two opponents

ELEMENTS OF THE LAW
Timing
 at the moment the ball touches or is
played by one of their team
Opinion of the referee involved in active
play by:
interfering with play
 interfering with an opponent
 gaining an advantage by being in that
position

ELEMENTS OF THE LAW


It is not an offense in itself to be in an
offside position
Judgement of offside occurs at the
moment the ball is touched or played
by a teammate - not - when the
player receives the ball
ELEMENTS OF THE LAW
“TOUCHED”
or
“PLAYED BY”
have the same meaning as
“MADE CONTACT
WITH”
ELEMENTS OF THE LAW

There is no offside offense if a player
receives the ball directly from:
a goal kick
 corner kick
 or a throw-in

ELEMENTS OF THE LAW
“For any offside offense, the
referee awards an indirect free
kick to the opposing team to
be taken from the place where
the infringement occurred”
Not where the whistle sounded!
AREA OF ACTIVE PLAY
Is that sector of the
field where
players
actively participate
in that play
Determination of Offside



Is the player in the attacking half?
Is the player nearer the goal than the ball?
Is the player nearer the goal than the
second last defender?
If yes to above, then


Is the player interfering with play or an
opponent?
Is the player gaining advantage?
IF yes to either above, then Offside,
otherwise no infraction
OFFSIDE POSITION?
INVOLVED IN ACTIVE PLAY?
POSITION & INVOLVEMENT?
AN INFRINGEMENT
The player in offside position has
played the ball
and has gained an advantage and
must be penalized for offside
Offside Position vs. Activity
Offside position alone is
not an infringement
Offside position and activity
is an infringement
OFFSIDE POSITION?
AT THE MOMENT THE BALL WAS KICKED
WHERE WAS THE PLAYER?
NO INFRINGEMENT
Offside is judged at the moment the ball is played
to a teammate, not when it is received
OFFSIDE POSITION?
TIMING?
WHAT IS YOUR DECISION?
NO INFRINGEMENT
The attacker is level and therefore Not offside
What is Even?
The torso is the factor for
determining “even” for
purposes of offside.
Not hands
Not legs
Not feet
TORSO !
Is This Even?
Absolutely!
Not Offside
Is This Even?
Not!
Offside
OFFSIDE POSITION?
WHAT IS YOUR DECISION?
AR POSITIONING IS CRITICAL
If the AR thinks he is level
then he really is level!
NO INFRINGEMENT
The attacker is level and therefore Not offside
OFFSIDE POSITION?
WHAT ABOUT NOW?
THE GIVE AND GO
9 makes a pass and runs
to space
THE GIVE AND GO
10 makes a pass AFTER 9
runs to the new position
THE GIVE AND GO
Where is 9 when 10
passes?
VIOLATION
It’s easy isn’t it?
OFFSIDE POSITION?
Which half is #9 in?
NO VIOLATION
ASSISTANT REFEREE
To determine offside the
assistant referee must be
concerned about and
concentrating totally on
his or her task.
The assistant referee can not
be a spectator of the game.
OFFSIDE POSITION?
INVOLVED IN ACTIVE PLAY?
Where is the area of active play?
NO INVOLVEMENT
OFFSIDE POSITION?
GOALKEEPER NOT DISTRACTED
As play approaches the goal, the
goalkeeper’s primary focus is on the
ball. Offside decisions are the
responsibility of the officials not the
goalkeeper.
Goalkeepers should not allow themselves
to be distracted by the nearby presence
of opposing players, whether they are
offside or not offside.
The goalkeepers’ attention should be on
the ball !!
Interfering with an Opponent?
Where should the goalkeeper be
focusing his/her attention?
NO INVOLVEMENT
OFFSIDE POSITION?
INVOLVED IN ACTIVE PLAY?
Where is the area of active play?
Interfering with an Opponent
The player, in an offside position
interfered with an opponent and must
be penalized for offside.
OFFSIDE POSITION?
Involved in active play?
SHOT AT GOAL HITS POST
Now he’s involved
GAINED AN ADVANTAGE
AN INFRINGEMENT
In this example, the player
who was in offside position
gained an advantage
from being in an offside
position and must be
penalized
OFFSIDE POSITION?
SHOT AT GOAL
Involvement in Active Play?
BALL ENTERS THE GOAL
Allow the shot and the goal!
No Infringement
IT IS
LEGAL
TO BE IN AN
OFFSIDE
POSITION
FREE KICK
Involvement in active play?
NO INFRINGEMENT
If that player were removed would
it have made a difference?
Referee / Assistant Referee
It is the assistant referee’s
responsibility to determine
position and activity of the
players.
The referee makes the final
decision to stop the game.
REBOUND FROM GOALKEEPER
Does the player gain an advantage?
INFRINGEMENT
BALL DEFLECTED BY DEFENDER
Does the player gain an advantage?
AN INFRINGEMENT
OFF-SIDE
At the moment the ball was played by a
teammate, the player was in offside position
CORNER KICK
CORNER KICK
CORNER KICK
CORNER KICK
THROW-IN
THROW-IN
THROW-IN
THROW-IN
Non-Involvement
Clear intention to not participate:
 Standing still
 Moving away from active play
 Stepping off the field of play
DYNAMIC PLAY
ISSHOULD
“A” IN OFFSIDE
“A” BE
PENALIZED?
POSITION?
DYNAMIC PLAY
NO VIOLATION
DYNAMIC PLAY
WHAT
THE BALL
IS “A” IF
IN OFFSIDE
HOW ABOUT “C”
POSITION?
IS KICKED
TO “C”
DYNAMIC PLAY
MECHANICS

At the moment a teammate plays the
ball, the assistant referee, before
raising the flag must:
Observe players’ positions
 Evaluate players’ activities
In other words ask the questions!


Player activities means that the
player is immediately involved with
that particular sequence of play
MECHANICS
Before raising the flag to indicate a
player is off-side, be certain that the
player is involved with active play by:
 Interfering with play, or
 Interfering with an opponent, or
 Gaining an advantage by being in an
off-side position
Only then signal to the referee when you
are wholly satisfied that this is the case
REVIEW






Position is a fact
Timing is a fact
Exceptions are facts
Penalty is a fact
Opinion of the Referee is the
“Heart of the Law!”
If in Doubt, keep the flag down!
Fouls and Misconduct
TOPICS
 Misconduct

Seven (7) Cautionable Offenses

Examples
Seven (7) Send-off Offenses



Examples
Procedures for issuing cards
7 CAUTIONABLE OFFENSES
A player is cautioned and shown the
yellow card if s/he commits any of the
following seven offenses:
 is guilty of unsporting behavior (UB)
 shows dissent by word or action (DT)
 persistently infringes the Laws of the
Game (PI)
 delays the restart of play (DR)
7 CAUTIONABLE OFFENSES
A player is cautioned and shown the
yellow card if s/he commits any of the
following seven offenses:
 fails to respect the required distance when
play is restarted with a corner kick or free
kick (FRD)
 enters or re-enters the field without the
referee’s permission (E)
 deliberately leaves the field without the
referee’s permission (L)
Examples of Unsporting Behavior
Commits a penal foul in a reckless manner
Commits a penal foul while tackling for the
ball from behind
3. Commits a tactical foul designed to
interfere with or impede an opposing
team’s attacking play
4. Commits an act deemed by the referee as
bringing the game into disrepute
(e.g. aggressive attitude, inflammatory
behavior, or taunting)
1.
2.
Examples of Unsporting Behavior
Pushes or holds (including holding the
opponent’s uniform) to interfere with
that opponent’s attacking play
 Handles the ball deliberately to interfere
with an opponent’s attacking play
 Handles the ball deliberately to score a
goal
 Fakes an injury or exaggerates the
seriousness of an injury

Examples of Unsporting Behavior
Fakes a foul (dives) or exaggerates the
severity of a foul
2. Interferes with or prevents the goalkeeper
from releasing the ball from his/her hands
into play
3. Unfairly distracts or impedes an opponent
performing a throw-in;
1.
1.
this is a mandatory caution
Examples of Unsporting Behavior
Verbally distracts an opponent during play
or at a restart
 If identified as the kicker, engages in unfair
deception while taking a penalty kick
 Changes jerseys with the goalkeeper
during play or without the referee’s
permission;


this is a mandatory caution for both
players
Examples of Unsporting Behavior

Engages in trickery to circumvent the
goalkeeper’s limitation on handling a ball
played from a teammate’s foot (the
defender who initiates the “trickery” is
cautioned and the decision does not
require that the goalkeeper actually
handles the ball);

this is a mandatory caution whether it
occurs during dynamic play or at a restart.
Show Dissent by Word or Action
Verbally or through action
disputes or shows
contempt for an official’s
decision
 If playing as the
goalkeeper, leaves the
penalty area (not beckoned
by the referee) to engage
an official in debate
regarding a decision

Persistently Infringes the Laws of the Game
Repeatedly commits fouls or participates
in a pattern of fouls directed at an
opponent
4. Violates Law 14 again, having previously
been warned
5. Fails to start or restart play properly or
promptly, having previously been warned
6. If playing as goalkeeper, wastes time,
having previously been warned or
penalized for this behavior
3.
Delays the Restart of Play
Kicks or throws the ball away or holds the
ball to prevent a free kick, throw-in or
corner kick restart by an opponent
5. Fails to restart play after being so
instructed by the referee
6. Fails to return to the field upon conclusion
of the mid-game break, fails to perform a
kick-off when signaled by the referee, or
fails to be in a correct position for a kick-off
7. Excessively celebrates a goal
4.
Fails to Respect the Required Distance...
5.
6.
Does not retire at least ten yards
away from an opponent’s free kick
Does not retire at least ten yards
away from an opponent’s corner kick
Entering or Re-entering the Field...
6.
Illegally returning to the field having
previously been substituted;
6.
7.
this is a mandatory caution
After a player at fault is instructed to leave
the field to correct his/her equipment;
6.
this is a mandatory caution
After a player leaves the field for an injury
or for bleeding or blood on the uniform
9. Entering the field as a substitute without
having received a signal from the referee;
8.
6.
this is a mandatory caution
Deliberately Leaves the Field...
7.
8.
Leaves the field to place an
opponent in offside position
Leaves the field other than through
the normal course of play
7 SEND-OFF OFFENSES
A player is sent-off and shown the red
card if s/he commits any of the
following seven offenses:
is guilty of serious foul play (SFP)
 is guilty of violent conduct (VC)
 spits at an opponent or any other person (S)

7 SEND-OFF OFFENSES
A player is sent-off and shown the red
card if s/he commits any of the
following seven offenses:
denies the opposing team a goal or an
obvious goal-scoring opportunity by
deliberately handling the ball (this does not
apply to the goalkeeper within his/her own
penalty area)(DGH)
 denies obvious goal scoring opportunity to
an opponent moving towards the player’s
goal by an offense punishable by a free kick
or a penalty kick (DGF)

7 SEND-OFF OFFENSES
A player is sent-off and shown the red
card if s/he commits any of the
following seven offenses:
uses offensive, insulting or abusive
language and/or gestures (AL)
 receives a second caution in the same
match (2CT)

SEND-OFF EXAMPLES







Striking an opponent (SFP or VC)
Striking a teammate (VC)
Violently kicking an opponent (SFP or VC)
Foul tackle from behind with hard contact
(SFP)
Spitting at another person (SFP or VC)
Tackle from behind on breakaway (DGF)
Any act intended to injure another (VC)
MISCONDUCT PROCEDURES
Procedure for issuing cards
For a Caution:
Isolate Offender
 Record info (Name, number, time, offense)
 Display card

For a Send-off:
Isolate Offender (If necessary)
2. Display card
3. Record information (after player has left)
1.
MISCONDUCT REVIEW

When can misconduct occur?


Can you name the seven cautionable
offences?


Unlike fouls, misconduct can be against
anyone, at anytime, anywhere including
team areas, stands or parking lot
Do you use an acronym to remember?
Can you give an example of each?
MISCONDUCT REVIEW

Does the yellow card have to be
displayed?
Yes, display cards to players and
substitutes
 Do NOT display cards to team officials


Can a foul also be misconduct?
Yes, a foul may also be misconduct
 Does misconduct require a foul to have
been committed?
 No. Can you give an example?

MISCONDUCT REVIEW

What is the restart if you stop play for
misconduct, but no FOUL has been
committed?


Misconduct causing a stoppage of play
without a DFK foul will warrant
restarting with a IFK
If you don’t stop play for misconduct,
when does it have to be dealt with?

It must be dealt with at the next
stoppage or not at all
MISCONDUCT REVIEW

What about physical contact that
looks the same as a major foul
against anyone including teammates,
spectators or officials at any time (or
opponents, if the ball is out of play)?

Deal with it as Unsporting Behavior or
Violent Conduct depending on the
severity of the action
MISCONDUCT REVIEW

What is the difference between
Serious Foul Play and Violent
Conduct?
SFP must meet the requirements for a
FOUL and must be committed during a
challenge for the ball, for example, a
tackle from behind which endangers the
safety of the opponent.
 Violent Conduct can happen anytime,
and anywhere

MISCONDUCT RESTARTS
Did you stop
play for the
misconduct?
NO
Normal
Restart
YES
MISCONDUCT RESTARTS
Was the
misconduct
committed by a
player on the
field?
NO
Dropped
Ball
YES
MISCONDUCT RESTARTS
Was a major
foul
committed?
NO
Indirect
Free Kick
YES
MISCONDUCT RESTARTS
Direct Free Kick
or
Penalty Kick
Penalty Kick
A penalty kick is awarded when
a defender
commits any of the 10 major fouls
inside their own penalty area
against an opponent *
while ball is in play
*Handling the ball is an exception
BEFORE KICK IS TAKEN
1. Clear penalty area of all but keeper
and kicker (all other players must
be behind penalty mark)
2. Get ball into your possession
3. Set keeper on line - between posts
4. Identify kicker to keeper
5. Give ball to kicker to place on
penalty mark
BEFORE KICK IS TAKEN
6. Tell kicker to wait for whistle (use
gesture)
7. Final check - all out of penalty area,
10 yards from ball and behind mark
8. Take position to observe keeper,
kicker, other players and assistant
referee
9. Check with keeper to see if ready
10. Whistle for kick
REQUIREMENTS OF KICKER



Kick must be taken from the mark
Ball must be kicked forward
Kicker may feign a kick
must not unnecessarily delay the kick
 must not change direction excessively



Must not distract keeper
Must not “double touch” the ball
REQUIREMENTS OF KEEPER




Must be on goal line, between posts,
facing field of play
May not move forward from the goal
line until kick
(may move laterally or side to side)
Must not distract the kicker
Must not engage in Unsporting
Behavior
REQUIREMENTS OF ATTACKERS






Must be outside of penalty area
Must be outside of penalty arc
Must be laterally behind penalty mark
Must be on the field of play
Must not encroach
Must not distract the goalkeeper
REQUIREMENTS OF DEFENDERS






Must be outside of penalty area
Must be outside of penalty arc
Must be behind penalty mark
Must be on the field of play
Must not encroach
Must not distract the kicker
POSITIONING DIAGRAM
AR
R
Proper setup for a penalty kick.
LAW ANALYSIS
The referee does not signal for a
penalty kick to be taken until the
players have taken up position
in accordance with the Law.
If the referee gives the signal…
and before the ball is in play, an
infringement occurs, the
referee allows the kick to
proceed
When someone “cheats”
Kick is taken
Ball in net
Goal
Ball not in
net
No cheating
Goal
Defense cheats
Live ball
Retake
Retake
Attackers cheat
Live ball*
Retake
Both cheat
Retake
IFK Defense
2nd touch by kicker
IFK Defense
* If cheating attacker touches ball, IFK to defense
EXTENDING TIME
Additional time is allowed for a
penalty kick to be taken at the
end of each half or at the end of
periods of extra time.
The referee decides when a
penalty kick has been
completed
Kicks from the Penalty Mark





A method of determining a winner of
a match where competition rules
require a winner after the match is
drawn.
Not a part of the match.
Referee chooses goal at which kicks
will be taken
Coin toss winner kicks first
Only players on field at end may kick
Kicks from the Penalty Mark

When a team finishes the match with
a greater number of players than
their opponents, they shall reduce
their numbers to equate with that of
their opponents and inform the
referee of the name and number of
each player excluded. The team
captain has this responsibility.
Kicks from the Penalty Mark

Before the start of kick from the
penalty mark the referee shall ensure
that only an equal number of players
from each team remain within the
center circle and they shall take the
kicks.