Good Afternoon
R.Sumathi ,
Professor & Head,
Department of CSE(P.G),
J.J.College of Engg. & Tech.,
Trichirappalli
CLOUD COMPUTING
(Common Location independent On-line
Utility provisioned On-Demand Computing)
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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LATEST TREND
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Presentation Road Map
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Cloud computing
Characteristics of Cloud computing
Evolution of Cloud computing
Cloud anatomy
Benefits of Cloud computing
Issues and Challenges in Cloud computing
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Classical Computing
Cloud Computing
 Subscribe
 Use
Every 18 months?
 Buy & Own
 Hardware, System
Software,
Applications often to
meet peak needs.
 Install, Configure,
Test, Verify,
Evaluate
 Manage
-Pay for what you
 Finally, use it
use, based on
QoS
 $$$$....$(High
CapEx)
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
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J.J.C.E.T.
CLOUD COMPUTING
 Cloud is a Smart, Complex, Powerful computing
systems in the sky (internet) that people can
just plug into ( On Demand). – Resource
Sharing.
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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 “Cloud computing refers to computing on
the Internet, as opposed to computing on a
desktop.”
 “Cloud is a market-oriented distributed computing
system consisting of a collection of inter-connected
and virtualised computers that are dynamically
provisioned and presented as one or more unified
computing
resources
based
on
service-level
agreements
(SLAs)
established
through
negotiation between the service provider and
consumers.”
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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CLOUD COMPUTING
 Transforming a world wide network of
computers into the largest single virtual
computer.
 Pool of resources available across the internet.
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Cloud originate?
 Virtualization -1960s, 1990s, 2000s – abstracting resources
for efficiency and availability
 Grid computing- 1990s, late 1990s – Collective harvesting of
computer resources
 Software as a Service (SaaS) - late 1990s – hosting of
software in a centralized fashion with access and licensing
provided on-demand
 Web Services (WS)- late 1990s – standards-based
messaging integration technology
 Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)- early 2000s –
connecting service providers and consumers in a distributed
fashion across ownership domains
 Autonomic Computing & Data centre
 Utility Computing, Multi core processors
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Underlying Components
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD
COMPUTING
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Reliability
Scalability
Elasticity
Faster startup time
Reduced management cost
Just-In-Time availability of
resources (On-demand Service)
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Characteristics of Clouds
Service
Oriented
Elastic
Virtualized
Cloud
Computing
Dynamic
(& Distributed)
Autonomic
Market
Shared
Oriented
(Economy of
(Pay As You Go) Scale)
Conventional Data Centre
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Cloud Approach
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
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Cloud to expand (lease more
resources) with increase in demand
Users/
Brokers
SLA
Resource
Allocator
Service Request Examiner and
Admission Control
- Customer-driven Service Management
- Computational Risk Management
- Autonomic Resource Management
Pricing
VM
Monitor
Dispatcher
Accounting
Service Request
Monitor
Virtual
Machines
(VMs)
Physical
Machines
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Cloud to shrink (unlease resources)
with decrease in demand
Users/
Brokers
SLA
Resource
Allocator
Service Request Examiner and
Admission Control
- Customer-driven Service Management
- Computational Risk Management
- Autonomic Resource Management
Pricing
VM
Monitor
Dispatcher
Accounting
Service Request
Monitor
Virtual
Machines
(VMs)
Physical
Machines
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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CLOUD COMPUTING
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Evolution of Cloud Computing
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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High performance computing
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•
A branch of computer science that concentrates
on developing supercomputers and software to run
on supercomputers.
A main area of this discipline is developing
parallel processing algorithms and software:
programs that can be divided into little pieces so
that each piece can be executed simultaneously by
separate processors.
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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HPC Vs CLOUD
 HPC
requires
specialized
software
and
hardware development and support to build and
manage a supercomputer.
 Cloud computing is an operational model for
enabling convenient, on-demand network access
to a shared pool of configurable computing
resources that can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction.
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Virtualization
The term virtualization broadly describes the
separation of a resource or request for a service
from the underlying physical entity.
Virtualization lets a single physical resource
(such as server, OS, application or storage
device) appear as multiple logical resources; or
making multiple physical resources (such as
storage devices or servers) appear as a single
logical resource.
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Benefits of Virtualization
Running heterogeneous and conflicting environments
Isolation
 Fully utilize hardware resources
 Manageability
 Reduced Power requirements
 Reduced ownership cost
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Virtualization
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Types of Virtualization
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Hardware
Full virtualization
Paravirtualization
Desktop
Storage
Network
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
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Benefits of virtualization
 Fully utilize hardware resources
 Running heterogeneous environments
 Isolation
 Reduced Power requirements
 Reduced ownership cost
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Cluster Computing
•
High performance, massively parallel computers built
primarily out of commodity hardware components,
running a free – software operating system such as
Linux or Free BSD and interconnected by a private high
speed network.
•
Cluster Computing
 High performance,
massively
parallel
computers
are
interconnected by a
private high speed
network.
 Connected to the
outside
world
through
only
a
single node.
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Scheduler
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
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Distributed Computing
•
Techniques learned in high-performance and cluster
based distributed computing to utilize the vast processing
cycles at users desktop.
The tasks are broken down into smaller subtasks and
•
distributed over the internet for processing.
After completion of the task the central server
aggregates the information and compiles the result.
•
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Service Oriented Architecture
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
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Grid Computing
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•
•
•
•
Grid Computing enables virtual organizations to share
geographically distributed resources as they pursue common
goals, assuming the absence of central location, central
control and an existing trust relationship
Virtual organization can be large or small, static or dynamic
Resource is an entity to be shared that can be computational
or storage resource
Sensors and bandwidth are also used in the virtual
organization
In grid environment the resources do not have prior
information about each other nor do they have pre- defined
security relationships
Grid Computing---Definition
Computing grids are geographically separated
computers or computer clusters that share
applications, data and computational resources by
forming VO.
The term grid comes from electricity utility companies,
which use a grid architecture in their power
distributionsystems.
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Difference between GRID & CLUSTER Computing
Grids and clustering both share resources across multiple
machines.
Grids, are different because they allow "distributed resource
management of heterogeneous systems."
With grids you can quickly add and subtract systems—without
regard for location, operating system or normal purpose—as
needs dictate.
Clusters are built from the ground up to function as a single pool
of compute power and consequently aren't as flexible.
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Grid Computing Architecture Model
Application
“Coordinating multiple resources”:
ubiquitous infrastructure services,
app-specific distributed services
Collective
Application
“Sharing single resources”:
negotiating access, controlling use
Resource
“Talking to things”: communication
(Internet protocols) & security
Connectivity
Transport
Internet
“Controlling things locally”: Access
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
Fabric
to, & control of, resources
J.J.C.E.T.
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Link
Utility Computing
More related to cloud computing
Applications, storage, computing power
and network
Requires cloud like infrastructure
Pay by the drink model
Similar to electric service at home
Pay for extra resources when needed
Better economics
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Cloud Anatomy
 Application Services(services on demand)
 Gmail, GoogleCalender
 Payroll, HR, CRM etc
 Platform Services (resources on demand)
 Middleware, Integration, Messaging, Information,
connectivity etc
 AWS, IBM Virtual images, Boomi, CastIron, Google
Appengine
 Infrastructure as services(physical assets as
services)
 Eucalyptus, OpenNebula, Nimbus, IBM Blue house,
VMWare, Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure Platform, Sun
Parascale and more
Cloud Architecture
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
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Cloud Computing - layers
Layers
Architecture
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
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Infrastructure
Application Focused
Cloud Computing Service Layers
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
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Various Cloud Middleware
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Eucalyptus University of California
Nimbus
Globus alliance
Open NebulaDSA Research, Spain
Hadoop
Apache
BigTable
Google
Reservoir
European Union FP7 (associated
with OpenNebula)
OpenQRM
IaaS
Cloudloop
Open-Source Cloud Storage API
and Management
Jboss
Red Hat - 1 API for clouds
UEC
- Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud- Ubuntu +
Eucalyptus
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Cloud Model
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
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Benefits of Cloud computing
 Encompasses
 IIAS, PAAS, SAAS
 Dynamic provision of services/resource pools in a coordinated fashion
 On demand computing – No waiting period
 Location of resource is irrelevant
 Applications run somewhere on the cloud
 Web applications fulfill these for end user
 However, for application developers and IT
Allows develop, deploy and run applications that can
easily grow capacity(scalability), work
fast(performance), and offer good reliability
Without concern for the nature and location of
underlying infrastructure
 Activate, retire resources
 Dynamically update infrastructure elements without
affecting the business
CLOUD
Individuals
Corporations
Non-Commercial
Cloud Middle Ware
Storage
Provisioning
OS
Provisioning
Network
Provisioning
Service(apps)
Provisioning
SLA(monitor),
Security, Billing,
Payment
Resources
Services
Network
Storage
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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What is as a service?
 “as-a-service” is extensively
used, which simply means that
a given cloud product (whether
infrastructure,
platforms
or
software) is offered in a way
that it can be “rented” by
consumers over the Internet on
payment basis.
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Public, Private and Hybrid clouds
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
CHALLENGES
ISSUES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Privacy
Criticism
Legal
Open source
Open standards
Security
Sustainability
Abuse
 To provide self-healing
 High security
 Service level
agreement
 Allow multi-tenancy
 Service oriented
 Support virtualization
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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SECURITY CHALLENGES
 Infrastructure security
- Network level
- Host level
- Application level
 Data security
- Provide security to end users’ data.
 Identity and access management
- Authentication
- Authorization
- Auditing
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Cloud Environment Providers
 Eucalyptus (Elastic Utility Computing
Architecture Linking Your Programs To Useful Systems )
Amazon Web Services
Google App Engine
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Top 8 Cloud Computing Companies
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
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Cloud Applications
•Scientific/Tech Applications
•Business Applications
•Consumer/Social Applications
Science and Technical Applica
Business Applications
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
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Consumer/Social Applications
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Conclusions:

Computing clouds are changing the whole IT , service industry,
and global economy. Clearly, cloud computing demands ubiquity,
efficiency,
security,
and
trustworthiness.
 Cloud
computing has become a common practice in business,
government, education, and entertainment leveraging 50
millions of servers globally installed at thousands of datacenters
today.

Private clouds will become widespread in addition to using a few
public clouds, that are under heavy competition among Google,
MS, Amazon, Intel, EMC, IBM, SGI, VMWare, Saleforce.com,
etc.

Effective trust management, guaranteed security, user privacy,
data integrity, mobility support, and copyright protection are
crucial to the universal acceptance of cloud as a ubiquitous
service.
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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Cloud articles
 http://blogs.zdnet.com/Hinchcliffe/?p=488&tag=b
txcsim
 http://blogs.zdnet.com/Howlett/?p=558&tag=btxc
sim
 http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=9560&tag=btxcsi
m
 http://www.businessweek.com/technology/conten
t/aug2008/tc2008082_445669_page_3.htm
 http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/
techjournal/0904_amrhein/0904_amrhein.html
 http://cloudcomputing.sys-con.com/
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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THANK YOU
Prof.R.Sumathi, Dept. of CSE(P.G),
J.J.C.E.T.
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