PRESENTED BY:
HILARY CHILALA HAZELE
@ 2015
OUTLINNE
 INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION
 WHAT LITERATURE SAYS
 POLICY
 LEGAL
 BUS POPULATION
 BUS OWNERSHIP
 INSTITUTIONS AND STAKEHOLDERS
 INFRASTRUCTURE
 PLAUSIBLE CAUSES FOR LACK OF RATIONALISATION
INTRODUCTION
 After completion of CREW project, CUTs developed TORs for a
study to understand the opportunities and challenges in
enforcing route rationalisation in intra-city bus transport.
 Contract signed to undertake the study with following
objectives;
 Investigate route rationalisation in terms of policy, regulation,




institution and legal
Investigate constraints hindering implementation of
rationalisation
Identify winners and losers
Provide compelling case for development and implementation
Identify opportunities for engagement to promote appreciation of
route allocation
 Taking a political economy analysis approach to study
DEFINITION OF POLITICAL
ECONOMY ANALYSIS
 An understanding of the prevailing political and
economic processes in society – specifically, the
incentives, relationships, distribution, and
contestation of power between different groups and
individuals.
 How do political choices, institutional structures and
forms of governance influence the economic choices
made by governments and citizens? How are the
methods of modern economics being used to deepen
understanding of the ways in which political
constraints shape economic development?
WHAT IS IN LITERATURE
Policy Framework
 2002 National Transport Policy 2002-2007 (under
 review);
 Vision 2030;
 Revised Sixth National Development (2013-2015);
 ROADSIP I (1998-2008 but implemented up to 2003)
 ROADSIP II(2004-2013 but implemented up to 2012)
 Road Sector Framework 2012-2022(includes new GRZ
 Projects)
 National Infrastructure Master Plan under development
Legal Framework
 Roads Fund Act, CAP 464
 Public Roads Act, 2002
 Road Traffic Act, 2002
 National Roads Fund Act, 2002
Bus Population
 The liberalization of PT brought about a rise in the
number of bus operators as well as buses of all kinds.
 Approximately 2,600 PT vehicles were officially
registered at RTSA in december 2013 with most PT
vehicles being 12 to 16 seats which but in practice
loading 18. ( Poor Service)
 There are some having 29-seats though
proportionately less.
 This has resulted in too many buses, which lowers the
number of trips per driver and vehicle to an average to
about only 4 runs per day
Bus Ownership
 PT vehicles are owned by private companies and
individuals, who typically own 1-3 ehicles, although a
few operators own more vehicles
 Drivers have some form informal lease agreements
with operators, which defines how much should be
paid to the operator on a daily basis for use of the
vehicle and the salary for the driver
Institutions and Stakeholders
 Public transport has links with a numer of institutions
such as RTSA for registration, ZRA for taxes, Police for
traffic control, PACRA for business registration, Local
government for bus stop management and route
allocation.
 There is a lot of politics meddling with the sector
 Sector used for political mileage
 Stakeholders go beyond players and regulators to
include vested interests (politicians)
Regulatory Institutions in the Urban Transport System in Zambia.
Institution
Road Traffic and Safety Agency
Ministry of Transport and Communication
Responsibilities/ Mandate


To carry out the transport control and regulatory functions
Vehicle testing, collection of road license fees, issuing of cross
border-permits, collection of road user fees, and
enforcement/fines.

Promote implementation of Public Private Partnership
programmes and projects being implemented in the transport
sector;
Provide guidelines on the preparation of national, provincial
and district transport development plans;
Oversee the operations and performance of statutory Boards
and institutions in the Transport Sector.


Road Development Agency
Ministry of Local Government and Housing-Lusaka
City Council
Zambia Police (Traffic Department)


To construct, care and maintain all public roads in Zambia.
Implement the road sector plans in Zambia


Public Transport management
Run bus stations, to designate routes and to develop the
associated PT infrastructure along the routes.

Enforcement of the Road Traffic Laws by ensuring that those
who break it are brought to book.
The officers mount snap check points within towns and on
highways.
Conducting Road Safety Awareness program.


Infrastructure
 Lusaka has four intra-city bus terminal stations.
(Lumumba, Millenium, Lima Tower and City Market)
 All are in poor condition
 Buses have absolutely no route signage markings and
passengers rely on the voice calls of the conductors and
call-boys
 There is no consideration to accessibility for disabled
and aged individuals
 Plausible Reasons for Lack of Route
Rationalization
 According to Kumar and Barret (2008) three reasons
notoriously account for the lack of effective
management of public transport system in most
African countries.
 Institutional Weakness: A report by the World Bank
points out Institutional weakness and confusion as
lying at the heart of the growing transport problems in
Africa’s cities (World Bank, 2002).
 Institutional Overlap: Kumar and Barret (2008)
observe a lot of issues related to institutional overlap
and how these may affect the effectiveness of the
public transport system.
 A regulatory vacuum: Kumar and Barret further
observe that the regulatory framework for urban
transport in most African countries typically
comprises several elements, one of them being
controlling entry into the market by new operators,
and allocating routes to market participants.
REFERENCES
 Ministry of Local Government and Housing: http://www.mlgh.gov.zm/
 Zambia institute for Policy Analysis and Research (2013) ‘Trip Modeling and






Cost Analysis for Public Road Transport System for the City of Lusaka’.
Lusaka, Zambia
Zambia Police Service: www.zambiapolice.gov.zm
Zambia Development Agency (2012), ‘Zambia Development Agency
Strategic Plan 2012-2016’. Lusaka, Zambia.
Kumar A., Barret F. (2008). ‘Stuck in Traffic: Urban Transport in Africa’.
Africa Infrastructure Diagnostic.
Jennifer E. Graeff (2010), ‘The Organization, Issues and the Future Roleof
the Matatu Industry in Nairobi, Kenya .Center for Sustainable Urban
Development (CSUD). Columbia University. Earth Institute . United States
of America.
World Bank. 2002. ‘Cities on the Move: World Bank Urban Transport
Strategy Review.’
Washington, D.C