Demand Side Management
Need, Concept & Scenario
R.N. Pandya
Sr. Project Executive (EC)
Gujarat Energy Development Agency
3-April, 2012
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What is DSM?
• DSM means – Demand Side Management
• In terms of Energy “supply & demand” – DSM means
managing “energy demand” within the limits of “energy
supply” by reduction of energy demand using efficient
techniques & technologies.
• With particular reference to “electricity demand & supply”
fluctuations occur within a cycle of 24 hours as also
during 12 months’ cycle – i.e. seasonal demand.
• Increase in energy demand of a nation is affected by
overall growth of industries and change in life style of
people.
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The NEED
• With rapid development and growth of the nation
“Energy Demand” is increasing.
• Inspite of plans to increase resources and add new
generation capacities it is becoming difficult to match the
supply with the demand because of resource and cost
constraints.
• Creating new energy sources will increase
environmental hazards as power plants are the biggest
source of pollution.
• India depends on imported (oil) energy to meet about
75% of its total demand. So we have spend a huge sum
of our hard earned FOREX for importing oil.
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• The energy intensity of India is among the highest in the
world.
• We consume double the amount of energy for
manufacturing and rendering services as compared to
some of the developed countries.
• So it is essential that we become more efficient and
reduce our energy intensity by preventing wastage and
adopting energy efficient pattern of growth.
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The Concept
• Control and Manage the demand within sources of
supply.
• Manipulate and Manage peak load and off-peak load
demands through load management.
• Adopt Energy Efficient techniques & technologies to
reduce energy demand in all consumer sectors.
• Promoting low energy intensive industrial development
• Use Renewable Energy Sources wherever possible –
solar, wind, bio energy, hydel/tidal, geothermal energy
sources.
• Moderation of energy use.
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Implication of DSM in utilities
DSM offers a wide variety of program either to
increase or decrease the load. DSM program can be
classified under the following three categories :
1. Energy Conservation Program : promote the application of energy
efficiency measures, equipment such as lighting, air-conditioning,
motors in different customer segments. The EC programs are
especially designed to directly reduce energy consumption and
indirectly reduce the peak demand.
2. Load Management Program : control, curtail or shift the load
demand periodically on a daily or seasonal basis according to peak
demand requirement or constraints. This program normally result
in a decrease in peak demand but may or may not result in a
decrease in consumption.
3. Increased Electricity Demand Program : may be used periodically
on daily or seasonal basis in order to fill the valleys when the
network is fed by run-of-river power stations. They are generally
referred to as strategic power increase or surplus consumption
measures.
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The Power Scenario
•
•
•
•
All India installed capacity is about 1,82,689 MW.
All India Generation is about 800 BU
Power Deficit - Peak Demand – 10.5%, Energy – 8.2%
Per Capita Energy Consumption – India - 700 kWh/year–
World Average – 2800 kWh/yr
• Coal based TPP – 65% (84% Generation)
• Capacity Addition in 12th Plan is 100000 MW
• Electricity supply increased 60%, household access by
10% in last decade – however
– Half of India’s rural households do not have access to electricity
i.e one third of the world population without electricity. Making
India the largest population without electricity.
– 25% of consumers are poor - paying > Rs 150 per month
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The Power Scenario
• Typical data
– Average hours of supply in rural areas: 2-6 hours
– De-electrification of villages: 10%
– Un-authorised connections: 30%
– Permanent disconnections: 15-20%
• Energy Intensity 0.8
• Population – 130 crore (16% of World)
• Energy Resources – 1% of World
• Crude Import Bill – 200000 crore (75% of demand)
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Energy Generation Scenario
RES
20162 MW
11%
Nuclear
4780 MW
2%
Diesel
1200 MW
Gas
1%
17742 MW
10%
Hydro
38706 MW
21%
Coal
100098 MW
55%
Installed Capacity = 1,82,689 MW
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Coal In India
Reserves/Production (R/P) - World (122 years) India (114 years)
15 % of requirement imported,Capacity
mainlyBuilding
coal ofwith
high GCV and low ash content
CSO’s by VIKSAT,
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Oil In India
•
•
•
•
Will last - World (42 years) & India (20 years)
India has 0.5 % of world oil reserves
Oil accounts for 31 % of our primary energy.
Transport consumes 42 % followed by
domestic and industrial, both 24 %
• In 2011 India’s oil import burden will exceed
5% of GDP for only the third time in history if
prices average the current level of $92/bbl for
the entire year.
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• Power generation accounts for much of the increase in
primary energy demand, the overall power generation in the
country has increased from 264 Billion units during 1990-91
to 662.52 Billion Units during 2006-2007.
• The country is facing power shortages : Peak shortage =
10.2 % , Average shortage = 9 %
• Coal remains the main source of power generation.
• Higher energy demand drives up imports of oil, gas and
coal, and greenhouse gas emissions.
• India is the fourth largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter in
the world with CO2 emission being 1249.74 Mt for the year
2006.
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Power Scenario of Gujarat
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Present installed capacity in the State of Gujarat
Total Capacity (as on 01-04-11) :
State (GSECL)
:
State Owned IPPs
:
Private IPPs
:
Centre share
:
Conventional
Source
MW
Gujarat
%
Coal
6935
51.93
Lignite
1040
7.79
Gas
3821
28.61
Hydro
779
Nuclear
Oil
Total
3-April, 2012
13354 MW
5216 MW (39%)
1216 MW (9%)
4102 MW (31%)
2820 MW (21%)
National
%
RE Source
MW
Wind
2094
Solar
6
11.41
Biomass
10
5.83
24.21
Mini Hydro
6
559
4.19
3.08
Total
2116
220
1.65
0.77
60.53
13354Capacity
100.00
100.00
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Total Installed Capacity in Gujarat
Source
Capacity (MW)
% Capacity
Private (IPP)
9864
2310
2416
51
12
12.5
CGP (340 consumer)
(Paralleled with State Grid)
1573
8.3
CPP (50 consumer)
(Paralleled with State Grid)
3113
16.2
State (GSEC)
Centre
19276
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Present Surplus/(Deficit) scenario
Demand for 2010-11
10500 MW
Present Installed Capacity
13354 MW
Installed Capacity Required to meet demand (@80% PLF)
13125 MW
Proposed Capacity Addition – XI Five Year Plan
Year
Capacity
Addition
(MW)
As on 1.4.11
2011-12
4642
Installed
Capacity
(MW)
Demand
(MW)
Required
Installed
Capacity
(@80%
PLF)
Surplus
Capacity
(MW)
13354
10500
13125
229
17996
11550
14348
3559
GUJARAT IS CURRENTLY SURPLUS IN POWER
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Total Sales
• Generation
– 55771 MU
• Sales by GETCO – 54000 MU
– (GETCO T&D losses are just 3-4%)
• Sales by DISCOMs – 45000 MU
• (Other T&D are about 16%)...
PCE of Gujarat – 1500 kwh/yr
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Breakup of Electricity End User
(Gujarat 2009-10)
No.
End User Sector
Share in %
1
Agriculture
28
2
Commercial
5
3
Public Water Supply & Sewerage
2
4
Domestic
14
5
Industrial (HT)
28
6
Industrial (LT)
11
7
Railways
1
8
Public Lighting
1
9
Bulk Supply Licensees
10
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ENVIRONMENT
is endangered by haphazard
use of energy resources. The
Global Warming due to CO2
emissions increased by 20%
during 1995-2005 – the largest
change in last 200 years.
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ENERGY
The Main Culprit for
Climate Change
70% of the GHG emissions
world over are caused by
Energy Consumption.
Power Plants & Industries are two major
contributors of GHG emissions
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Sector-wise GHG Emissions
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Inspite of all these concerns
Growth is Essential and Energy
Consumption is Inevitable.
DSM is an option to strike a
balance between the both.
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Correlation between HDI & Electricity
Source: Dr. Steve Chu, US Department of Energy
Two way relation in terms of cause and
effect. For India, small change in
electricity use could make a big difference
in HDI
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Various DSM Initiatives
• Increasing efficiency in power generation,
transmission & distribution and utilization.
• Improving quality of power, increasing reliability
of power supply, reducing auxiliary energy,etc.
• Incentive/disincentive Schemes for maintaining
good PLF – TOU tariff, demand charges, PF
penalty/rebate, etc.
• Scheme for promoting EE in industries,
buildings, agriculture, households, etc.
• Creating mass awareness about EC.
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DSM Programs
• EE Lighting – Bachat Lamp Yojna, LED Village
Campaign,
• EE & Green Buildings – BEPI, ECBC, use of better
designs, MOC & electrical appliance.
• Promoting Renewable Energy (RE) systems in place of
conventional energy systems. RE based energy
generation – on & off-grid systems
• Prescribing efficiency norms for energy intensive
products – BEE S&L program.
• EE in public utilities – street lighting and water &
sewerage pumping.
• EE in agriculture – mandating use of efficient pumpsets.
• Mandating EE in energy intensive industries.
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7a
7b
8
9
10
11
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Frost Free Refrigerator
Fluorescent Tube Lamps
Air Conditioners
Direct Cool Refrigerators
Distribution Transformers
General Purpose Industrial Motors
Monoset Pumps
Open Well Pumpsets
Submersible Pumpsets
Ceiling Fans
Domestic Gas Stoves
Stationary Storage Type Water Heaters
Colour Television
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Advantages / Benefits
•
•
•
•
•
Economical – say Cheaper Solution
Fast – less time consuming
Eco-friendly – mitigates pollution
Sustainable
Indigenous – no hifi technology involved
There is always a better way to do anything
& DSM is one of the better ways….
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DSM Applications :
Residential Sector Savings
Estimates
Energy-efficiency measures
Technical potential
savings estimate
(%)
Lighting
Compact fluorescent lamps
20 – 50
Cooling/ ventilation
High-efficiency fan motors; whole house fans;
programmable controllers
15 – 50
Refrigeration
High-efficiency refrigerators
15 – 40
Water-heating
equipment
Efficient water heater tanks; increased tank insulation;
low-flow devices thermal traps;
heat pumps and solar water heaters
20 – 30
Electric ranges/
ovens
Increased insulation; seals; improved heating
elements, reflective pans; reduced thermal mass;
reduced contact resistance
Miscellaneous
equipment (TV sets)
Solid state television sets that use efficient electronic
devices
End use
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70
10 – 20
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DSM Applications :
Saving Potential in Agriculture Through Retrofitting
Code
Scope of rectification
Reduction in energy
consumption (%) (kWh per
pump per year)
R1
Low resistance foot-valve and low friction
suction pipe of proper diameter
20%-25% (1000-1250 kWh)
R2
R1 + low friction delivery pipe
30%-35% (1500-1750 kWh)
R3
R2 + replace pump by one of higher efficiency
40%-45% (2000-2500 kWh)
R4
R3 + replace motor by one of lower rating
50%- 60% (2500-3000 kWh)
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DSM Applications :
Energy Saving Potential
End-use type
Potential Energy
Savings (MU)
Motors and drive
systems (industrial and
agriculture sectors)
80000
Lighting (domestic,
commercial, and
industrial sectors)
Energy-intensive
industries
Total
3-April, 2012
10000
5000
95000
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Overview of applicable DSM measures
1.
Power factor improvement at plant substation
2.
Conventional ballast's on FTL’s by low loss ballast's
3.
GLS lamps by CFL’s
4.
HPMV Vs HPSV
5.
Lighting voltage controller
6.
Soft starter/Energy saver
7.
Replacement of pump by high efficiency pump
8.
Replacement of fan by high efficiency fan
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Overview of applicable DSM Measures
9.
Application of VSD’s
10. Replacement of single stage compressors by two stage compressors
11. Reciprocating air compressor by screw compressor
12. Reciprocating refrigeration compressor by centrifugal compressor
13. VCR’s by VAR’s
1. Water Lithium bromide
2. Aqua Ammonia
14. No load energy saver for welding set
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Benefit To All
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Thank You
for your time & patience.
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Success is not the key to
happiness.
Happiness is the key to success.
If you love what you are doing,
you will be successful."
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