“Now That You Have It, What Are You
Going To Do With It?”
Wayne D. Cornelius, Ph.D. Physics,
TAMU Class of 1979
Science Applications International Corporation
wayne.d.cornelius@saic.com
&
Scientific Solutions
wcornelius@ssolutions.cc
1
My Background
• Ph.D., Nuclear Physics, TAMU, 1979
– Summer Research Internship, Los Alamos (1973-1976).
– TAMU Cyclotron (1975-1979)
• Postdoctoral Fellowship, LANL, Medium Energy Nuclear
Physics (1979-1982)
• Staff member, LANL, accelerator technology (19821989)
• Senior Scientist, Science Applications International
Corporation (1989- )
• Founder and CEO, Scientific Solutions (1994- )
• Senior Scientist, MagneVu (1994-2007)
• Mentor to graduate students in physics.
• Member of APS, AVS, IEEE
2
What will you do with it?
How does one work with and
within industry?
3
How do you get started?
• Opportunities abound if you know how to “sell” yourself and your
skills.
• Who are the possible companies? The potential customers? The
competition?
•
Learn to recognize opportunities
• Determine the “value proposition” and the “business opportunity”.
Why would someone want to fund you and your ideas?
What is the value of the proposed product, service, etc.?
What is the business of the proposed product, service, etc.?
4
How do you get started?
• Network: Each person you meet knows at least two
other people you should speak with. How quickly does
this approach build up your network of contacts? Do the
math.
• Do your homework (read the journals)
• Learn to use the tools of the trade
• Don’t learn the formulas, learn the techniques. If you
know the techniques you can derive formulas whenever
needed. You can usually look up the formulas you need.
5
Polarized ion source
Example 1: Polarized ion source
Business Problem: Available polarized current
very low compared with un-polarized sources.
Applications are in nuclear physics research and
surface interaction physics.
Are there newer technologies that can be applied
to improve the performance?
6
Polarized ion source
Enabling technologies:
High power dye lasers (later titanium sapphire and
tuneable diode lasers)
Electron-cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source
7
Polarized ion source
Optical Pumping Tests
8
Polarized ion source
•
Demonstrated high polarization in optically
pumped sodium vapor, but failed to provide a
compelling case for what needed to happen
next.
•
Transferred technology to laboratories in
Japan and Canada. Only after those sources
operated successfully was funding made
available for continuing the project at LANL.
9
FMIT Accelerator
Example 2: High Power Proton Beam
Diagnostic Instrumentation
Business Problem: The cw beam of the 2 MeV Fusion
Materials Irradiation Test (FMIT) accelerator would
operate for only a few seconds before melting a beam
tube or o-ring. How can we measure the properties of
the beam during this short interval?
10
FMIT Accelerator
2 MeV, 100 mA, cw H2+ beam (200 kW)
11
FMIT Accelerator
Beam Melt Contours:
12
FMIT Accelerator
Tomographic Beam Emittance Reconstruction:
13
FMIT Accelerator
Beam emittances different from predictions:
14
FMIT Accelerator
This technique was used to demonstrate the power of a
particle beam for the Strategic Defense Initiative. Highspeed cameras captured the melting of a stack of 19
sheets of stainless steel (equivalent to 0.5” thick). The
penetration rate could be calculated from the time
required for the beam to penetrate one sheet and begin
to melt the next.
The value proposition was showing what an ion beam
could do and convinced funding agencies that there was
merit in supporting this research.
15
Circular Polarizer
Example 3: Circular Polarizer Assembly
Business Problem: The electrons in an electroncyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source rotate in a
particular direction with respect to the magnetic
field lines. Circularly polarized rf waves should
be twice as efficient in driving the resonance.
Previous tests with kludged equipment were
inconclusive.
16
Circular Polarizer
Approach: Designed a circular polarizer with cylindrical
dielectric-loaded waveguide to test using the Los Alamos
100 mA cw 2.45 GHz ECR proton ion source.
Result? Efficiency improved by the expected factor, but the
smaller waveguide penetration was less efficient in
coupling rf energy into the plasma.
17
Circular Polarizer
Circular Polarizer Assembly
18
MiniECR Source
Example 4: MiniECR Ion Source
Business Problem: The circular polarizer concept
pointed the way to miniaturizing an ECR source
for industrial applications (ion implantation, space
propulsion, materials modification, etc.)
19
MiniECR Source
MiniECR Source
US Patent 6,812,647
20
Cargo Intrusion Detector
Example 5: Intrusion Detector for Cargo
Containers
Business Problem: Develop techniques for
ensuring the security of cargo containers used in
international shipping.
21
Cargo Intrusion Detector
Thinking outside the box:
• Treat a cargo container as a six-sided rectangular box.
• The radiofrequency resonances of a “loaded” box are
unique to each container and its cargo, therefore,
measuring the resonance spectrum provides a means of
uniquely characterizing each loaded container.
22
Cargo Intrusion Detector
RID mounted inside
container
RF energy radiated into metal
container
produces an RF
Spectral Response
(rf signature)
Loaded 2TEU Container Tests
RID04: 5 sec interval/4 averages/Autoshutdown Enabled
3-MAY-04
5
10
4
10
RFR
rf modes
3
10
2
10
Autoshutdown Disabled
Enabled: Record 1019
Enabled: Record 1021
1
10
400
600
Current systems look for
changes in rf signature
Frequency
(MHz)
RF Spectrum
23
Cargo Intrusion Detector
Resonant Intrusion Detector (RID)
US Patent 7,095,326
24
Cargo Intrusion Detector
The US State Department is currently testing 30
container security devices (CSDs) and 30
advanced container security devices (ACSDs) to
see how well they perform in domestic and
international shipping.
25
Low Energy Proton Storage Ring
Example 6: Low Energy Proton Storage Ring
Business Problem: Develop techniques for
detecting explosives and other contraband in
shipping containers.
26
Low Energy Proton Storage Ring
Nearly all explosive compounds contain significant
amounts of nitrogen.
Nitrogen can be detected using resonant absorption of a
9.17 MeV gamma ray. The resonant gamma rays are
produced via the 13C(p,g)14N resonance at 1.75 MeV
proton energy.
These high energy gamma rays are also useful in
producing radiographs (x-ray images) of container
contents.
27
Low Energy Proton Storage Ring
Thinking outside the box:
Instead of dumping the proton beam, bring it back around
and hit the target again.
Protons that don’t interact with 13C atoms are recirculated
and reaccelerated to interact the target again.
Compact Electron-cooled Storage Ring (CESR)
28
Low Energy Proton Storage Ring
4-cooler CESR configuration.
Circumference = 6.675 meters
US Patent 5,854,531
29
Low Energy Proton Storage Ring
Challenges:
•
•
•
•
Design high-current, low-energy electron beam.
Design “stable” storage ring particle dynamics.
Minimize power requirements for mobile operation.
Minimize cost and maximize reliability.
30
Broadband rf Source
Example 8: Broadband RF source for ECR
sources
Business Problem: Develop and test a
broadband rf source for ECR ion sources.
Potentially impacts operation of existing ECR
sources being used worldwide.
31
Broadband rf Source
Which is more efficient:
1. Higher spectral power density, narrow
bandwidth leading to a very narrow ECR
zone.
or
2. Lower spectral power density, wider
bandwidth leading to larger volume of
ECR zone?
32
Broadband rf Source
•
Modified one of the rf intrusion detectors
(RIDs) to act as a software defined radio
transmitter.
•
The rf spectrum can be modified by the user
via Ethernet.
33
Broadband rf Source
Photo of prototype programmable frequency source
34
Broadband rf Source
Initial Testing of Modified RID Algorithm
TBLlen = 8, TSrpt = 0
11-FEB-06
Initial Testing of Modified RID Algorithm
TBLlen = 64, TSrpt = 0
11-FEB-06
Initial Testing of Modified RID Algorithm
TBLlen = 8, TSrpt = 0
11-FEB-06
0.20
0
0.025
Rpt len = 1
0
0.0100
Rpt len = 8
0.16
-20
0.12
-40
0
Rpt len = 64
0.020
-20
-20
-40
-60
0.04
-80
0
-20
-10
0
10
Initial Testing of Modified RID Algorithm
Frequency
Offset
TBLlen
= 2, from
TSrpt6500
= 0 MHz
(MHz)
11-FEB-06
0.10
RF Power
(Watts)
dBm
0.08
0.010
-80
0
-20
-10
0
10
Initial Testing of Modified RID Algorithm
TBLlen
= 16,from
TSrpt
= 0 MHz
Frequency
Offset
6500
11-FEB-06
(MHz)
0.025
0
-80
-100
20
0
-20
-10
0
10
-100
20
Frequency Offset from 6500 MHz
(MHz)
0
-20
0.020
-20
0.06
-40
0.015
-40
0.04
-60
0.010
-60
0.02
-80
0.005
-80
-10
0
10
Initial Testing of Modified RID Algorithm
Frequency
Offset
TBLlen
= 4, from
TSrpt6500
= 0 MHz
(MHz)
11-FEB-06
0.05
dBm
RF Power
(Watts)
RF Power
(mW)
dBm
0.08
0
-20
-100
20
-10
0
10
-100
20
Initial
Testing of
Modified
Algorithm
Frequency
Offset
fromRID
6500
MHz
TBLlen =(MHz)
32, TSrpt = 0
11-FEB-06
0.025
0
0
Rpt len = 32
Rpt len = 4
-20
0.020
-20
0.03
-40
0.015
-40
0.02
-60
0.010
-60
0.01
-80
0.005
-80
-10
0
Frequency Offset from 6500 MHz
(MHz)
10
-100
20
dBm
RF Power
(mW)
RF Power
(Watts)
dBm
0.04
0
-20
-60
0.0025
Rpt len = 16
Rpt len = 2
0
-20
0.0050
-60
0.005
-100
20
-40
dBm
0.015
RF Power
(Watts)
dBm
RF Power
(Watts)
0.0075
0
-20
-10
0
10
-100
20
Frequency Offset from 6500 MHz
(MHz)
Mode spectra for the phase-hopping algorithm with Rpt len = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64.
The blue curve is a linear plot (left-hand axis) and the red curve is a semi-log plot
(right-hand axis).
35
Broadband rf Source
Results encouraging, but inconclusive.
More testing is needed.
36
Charge-Breeder Ion Source
Example 7: Charge-Breeder Ion Source
Business Problem: Develop and fabricate ECR
charge-breeder ion source for TAMU. Funded
by Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR)
grant by the US Department of Energy
37
Charge-Breeder Ion Source
Developed diagnostic
instrumentation.
38
Charge-Breeder Ion Source
Halbach array hexapole magnet.
39
Charge-Breeder Ion Source
Assembled solenoid magnets
40
Charge-Breeder Ion Source
Overhead view of charge-breeder
before shipping to TAMU.
41
Charge-Breeder Ion Source
Current Status:
• Charge-Breeder Ion Source delivered to TAMU
Cyclotron late in 2007.
• Is currently being readied for initial operation.
42
What will you do with it?
How will you succeed?
43
What will you do with it?
• Keep your eyes and mind open
• Do your homework (read the journals)
44
What will you do with it?
Learn to use the tools of the trade (many are available for
free from www.laacg1.lanl.gov )
• SuperFish: radiofrequency field solver
• Poisson: electromagnetic and electrostatic field solver
• Pandira: permanent magnet field solver
• Trace3D: ion beam transport solver (visual, interactive)
• Parmila: ion beam transport (particle tracking)
45
What will you do with it?
• Opportunities abound if you know how to “sell” yourself and your
skills.
• Who are the possible companies? Potential customers? Learn to
recognize opportunities.
• Determine the “value proposition” and the “business opportunity” in
the science. Why would someone want to fund you and your
ideas?
What is the value of the proposed product, service, etc.?
What is the business of the proposed product, service, etc.?
46
What will you do with it?
Once you understand the value of what you want
to do and can make a clear case for how a
business could be structured around that value,
getting your research project funded will not be
a problem.
47