RAYALASEEMA UNIVERSITY:: KURNOOL
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
M.A. ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-I :: PAPER – I
MICRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS – I
MODULE-I
Elasticity (Price, Cross, Income) of Demand – theoretical aspects and empirical
estimation; Elasticity of Supply; Theories of Demand – Utility: Indifference Curve (Income
and Substitution effects, Slutsky Theorem; compensated demand curve) and their application;
Revealed Preference Theory; revision of Demand theory of Hicks; Recent developments in
demand analysis (Pragmatic Approach and Linear Expenditure system).
MODULE-II
Production Function – Short period and long period: Law of variable proportions and
returns to scale; Isoquants – Least cost combination of inputs; Returns to factors; Economies
of Scale; Multi-product firm; Elasticity of substitution; Euler’s theorem; Technical
progress and production function: Cobb-Douglas, CES Cost functions – Traditional and
modern theories of costs – Empirical evidence: Derivations of cost functions from
productions: Derived demand for factors. Long run average cost curve.
MODULE-III
Marginal Analysis as an approach to price and output determination: Perfect
competition – Short run and long run equilibrium of the firm and Industry, price and output
determination, supply curve; Monopoly – Short run and long run equilibrium, price
discrimination; Monopolistic Competition – General and Chamberlin approaches to
equilibrium, Equilibrium of the firm and the group with product differentiation and selling
costs, excess capacity under monopolistic and imperfect competition, criticism of
monopolistic competition.
MODULE-IV
Oligopoly – Non-collusive (Cournot, Bertrand, Edgeworth, Chamberlin, Kinked Demand
curve and Stacklberg’s Solution) and collusive (Cartels and mergers, price leadership)
Model: Price – Output determination under Monopoly and Bilateral monopoly.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Koutsoyiannis, A. (1979), Modern Micro Economics (2nd Edition), Macmillan
press, London.
2. Sen., A. (1999) Micro Economics: theory and Application, Oxford University
Press, New Delhi.
3. Hirshleifer, J. and A. Glazer (1997), Price Theory and Applications, Prentice Hall
of India, New Delhi.
4. Watson & Getz, Price theory and its uses, AIBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi,
1995.
RAYALASEEMA UNIVERSITY:: KURNOOL
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
M.A. ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-I : : PAPER – II
MACRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS - I
MODULE- 1: NATIONAL INCOME AND ACCOUNTS OF NATIONAL INCOME
IDENTIFIES
Social Accounting – Input – Output accounting, Flow of funds accounting, Circular flow of
income in Two , Three and Four sector economy – Methods of estimating National income; Uses
and Problems in Estimating National Income.
MODULE – II: CONSUMPTION FUNCTION
Meaning of consumption function - Keynes Psychological law of consumption ––
Income – consumption relationship – Absolute income, Relative income, Life cycle and
Permanent income hypotheses.
MODULE – III: INVESTMENT FUNCTION
Types of Investment - Theories of investment- Profit theory, Acceleration theory; concept of
Capital & Investment - capital Investment – Marginal Efficiency of Investment and level of
investment, Marginal Efficiency of Capital and Investment, The accelerator; Multiplier; Super
Multiplier.
MODULE – IV: CLASSICAL AND KEYNESIAN SYNTHESIS
Classical, neo-classical and Keynesians Economics - Keynesian revolution – Classical
theory of Employment and Keynesian theory of effective demand - Neoclassical theory
of rational expectations – Supply side Economics.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Ackley, G. (1978) Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy, Mac Millian, New Yark.
2. Dornbusch, R.and F. Stanely (2000) Macro Economics, Mc Graw Hill, Inc, New
York.
3. Jha, R (1991) Contemporary Macro Economic Theory and Policy, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,
New Delhi.
4. Edward Shapiro: Macro Economic Analysis, Fifth Edition, Galgotia Publications (P)
Ltd., Ansari Road, New Delhi.
5. H.L. Ahuja, Macroeconomic Theory, Theory and Policy – S. Chand and Company
Ltd., New Delhi.
6. M.L. Jhingon: Macro Economic Theory, Tenth Edition, Urinda Publication (Pvt.)
Ltd., Delhi.
7. Rana & Varma – Macro Economics.
RAYALASEEMA UNIVERSITY: KURNOOL
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
M.A. ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-I
PAPER – III: PUBLIC ECONOMICS -1
MODULE – I: INTRUDUCTION
Public Finance vs. Private finance; public goods, merit goods and private goods; Government as
an agent of economic development; Objectives of budgetary policy – Allocation, distribution,
stabilization and economic growth; Functional finance; Principles of Maximum Social Advantage.
MODULE – II: THEORIES OF TAXATION
Definition of a Tax - Canons of taxation, Good tax system; Benefit approach to taxationLindhal, Bowen and Samuelson models; Ability to pay approach to taxation; Excess burden of taxes,
Choice of tax base, Structure of tax rates; Incidence and Impact of taxation, Shifting of tax burden.
MODULE – III: SOURCES OF REVENUE
Tax and non-tax revenues; Direct and indirect taxes; Proportional, Progressive and
Regressive Taxation; Analysis of Income tax, Corporation tax, Wealth tax, Estate duty,
Customs duties, Excise duties, Service tax in India; Effects of taxation on distribution and
economic growth; Tax reforms in India.
MODULE – IV: PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
Determinants of Public Expenditure; Laws of growth of Public expenditure - Wagner’s law,
Wiseman-peacock hypothesis; Growth of public expenditure in India; Effects of Government
expenditure on production, distribution and economic growth; Measures to control the growth of
public expenditure.
REFERECE BOOKS:
1. Charles M.Allan
The theory of taxation, Penguin
2. Hugh Dalton
Principle of Public Finance
3. R.A.Musgrave
Public Finance in Theory & Practice
4. Hareler B.P. Richard D Irwin,
Modern Public Finance,
5. Philip Taylor
Economics of Public Finance
6. Otto Eckstein
Public Finance, fourth edition PrenticeHallof India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
7. B.P Tyagi.
Public Finance
8. M.C.Vaish & H.S.Agarwal
Public Finance
9. Bhatia, H.L
Public Finance with effect from 2006-07
RAYALASEEMA UNIVERSITY:: KURNOOL
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
M.A. ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-I :: PAPER –I V
INDIAN ECONOMIC POLICY
MODULE – I: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ITS DETERMINANTS
Approaches to Economic Development and its measurement – Under Development –
meaning and indicators - common characteristics of under development – Sustainable development –
Determinants of Developments – Role of State Market and Open Institutions - PQLI – Human
Development Index (HDI) – Human Poverty Index.
MODULE – II: PLANNING IN INDIA
Nature of Indian Economic Planning – Rationale – Features – Objectives and Targets –
Strategy – Evaluation of Economic Planning in India – New Economic Policy.
MODULE –III: DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES
Broad demographic features of Indian population – Rural-Urban Migration – Population
Explosion – Problems of over Population – Remedies for Population Explosion – Population Policy in
India.
MODULE – IV: POVERTY AND UN-EMPLOYMENT
The concept of poverty –Measurement of Rural poverty –Poverty Alleviation programmes –
Nature of un-employment – Causes of un-employment – Major employment programmes and Policy
– Regional imbalance.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Ahluwalia, I.J. and I.M.D. Little (Eds.) (1999), India’s Economic Reforms and Development
2. Brahmanda, P.R. and V.R. Panchmukhi (Eds.) (2000), Development Experience in the Indian
Economy.
3. Chakavarty, S. (1987), Development Planning
4. Dantwala, M.L. (1996), Dilemmas of Growth.
5. Datt, R. (Ed.) (2001), Second Generation Economic Reforms in India.
6. Ishwar.C – the Indian Economiy.
7. S.K. Misra – V.K. Poori – Indian economy.
8. S.k. Ray – Indian Economy.
9. Rudhradatta and K.P.M. Sundaram – Indian Economics
RAYALASEEMA UNIVERSITY:: KURNOOL
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
M.A. ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-I : : PAPER – V
MATHEMATICAL METHODS
MODULE-1: ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA
Basic processes in Algebra - Simple fractions and Factors - Solution of Linear and Quadratic
Equations - Solution of Simultaneous equations - Concept of a Function and types of functions Equilibrium of Demand and Supply functions.
MODULE-2: INTRODUCTION TO CALCULUS
Derivative of a function - Rules of differentiation - Maxima, minima and point of inflexion of
functions with one independent variable - Rules of partial differentiation and partial derivatives Total differentiation - Concept of Integration and rules of Integration.
MODULE-3: APPLICATION OF CALCULUS TO THEORY OF FIRM
Marginal and average concepts of cost, revenue and production functions; Maximum and
Minimum problems of a firm ; Elasticity of demand and supply functions ; Application of integration
to Consumer’s and Producer’s surplus.
MODULE-4: MATRIX ALGEBRA
Concept of Matrix - Types of Matrices; Simple operations on Matrices ; Determinants and
their basic properties ; Singular and Non-Singular Matrices ; Rank of a Matrix ; Inverse of a Matrix
;Solution of simultaneous linear equations through Cramer’s Rule.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1
Caroline Dinwiddy
:
Elementary Mathematics for Economists,
Oxford University Press, Nairobi, Kenya, 1993.
2
Taro Yamane
:
Mathematics for Economists (An Elementary
Survey), 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall of India
Private Limited, New Delhi, 2000.
3
Alpha C. Chiang
:
Fundamental Methods of Mathematical
Economics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New
Delhi, 1984.
4
R.G.D. Allen
:
Mathematical Analysis for Economists,
MacMillan Press (ELBS Edition), London.
RAYALASEEMA UNIVERSITY:: KURNOOL
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
M.A. ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-I : : PAPER – V I
COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL AND OFFICE AUTOMATION
MODULE – I
INTRODUCING COMPUTER SYSTEMS
The Computer Defined- History of Computers- Computers for Individual Users-Computers
for Organizations- Computers in Society. The Parts of a Computer System-The Information
Processing Cycle- Essential Computer Hardware- Software Brings the Machine to Life- The
Keyboard- The Mouse.
MODULE – II
INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB
Overview: The Purpose of Operating Systems- Types of Operating Systems- Overview: What
Is the Internet?- The Internet's History- The Internet's Major Services- Using Your Browser
and the World Wide Web- Searching the Web- Using E-Mail, Understanding E-Mail, Using
an E-Mail Program.
MODULE – III
MS-OFFICE ESSENTIALS
Acquiring Software- Commercial Software, Freeware and Public Domain Software, OpenSource Software. MS-WORD: Word Processing Programs- the Word Processor’s InterfaceWorking with the Word Document- Advanced Tools of MS-WORD. MS-POWER POINT:
Presentation Programs- The Presentation Program’s Interface- Views, Reordering and Hiding
Slides, Creating a Presentation, Applying Speaker Notes, Applying Hyperlinks, Using Action
Buttons, Applying Transitions, Working with Animations, Presenting Slide Shows.
MODULE – IV
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL PACKAGES
MS-EXCEL: Spreadsheet Programs- The Spreadsheet’s Interface- Working with a
Spreadsheet- Entering Data in a Worksheet- Selecting Cells, Rows and Columns- Coping and
Deleting Cell Content- Sorting Rows and Columns- Arithmetic Calculations- Error MessageFunctions- Formatting Cells- Charts- Printing Worksheet. INTRODUCTION TO SPSS:
Introduction, Getting Help, Data Entry, Storing and Retrieving Data Files, the Statistics
Menus, the Output Viewer, the Chart Editor, Programming in SPSS.
PRESCRIBED TEXT BOOKS:
1) Peter Norton, “Introduction to Computers”, 7 th Edition, MCGra Hill, 2011.
2) A Handbook of Statistical Analyses using SPSS by Sabine Landau and Brian S.
Everitt, Publisher: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press LLC 2004 Edition.