NAMAs for Sustainable Refrigeration,
Air- conditioning and Foam Production
Main meeting of The OzonAction Networks for
Latin America and the Caribbean
Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
5 October 2011
Alvaro Zurita, GIZ
Projects funded by
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Since the 1st January 2011 the GTZ changed it’s name to GIZ
due to a merger with:
 DED – Deutscher Entwichlungsdienst GmbH
 InWent – Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH
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Content
1. What is happening in the RAC Sector?
2. Introducing Proklima
 Programmatic approach
 BMZ / BMU programs
 Examples / demonstrations
3. The NAMA project
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ODP & GWP of selected foam blowing agents
Substance
ODP
GWP
1
4,680
0.11
713
HCFC-22
0.055
1,780
HFC 134a
0
1,410
HFC-152a
0
122
HFC-227ea
0
3,140
HFC-245fa
0
1,020
HFC-365mfc
0
780
n-pentane
0
<25
iso-pentane
0
<25
c-pentane
0
<25
CO2
0
1
CFC-11
HCFC-141b
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ODP & GWP of selected refrigerants
Refrigeration
Substance
ODP
GWP
CFC-12
1
10,900
HFC-134a
0
1,430
HC 600a (Isobutane)
0
3
0.055
1,810
HFC-32
0
675
HFC-407C
0
1,800
HFC 410A
0
2,100
HC-290 (Propane)
0
3
Air-conditioning
HCFC-22
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CFC-, HCFC- and HFC-consumption in
developing countries: Business as Usual
1,500
kt Substance
Prognosis
1,000
HFC
500
HCFC
CFC
0
Source: UNEP and own projections
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Predicted Growth of HFCs without constraint
Fuente: Velders, Guus J.M. et.al., 2009
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HFC share of global GHG-emissions (compare HFC high
vs. 450 ppm stabilization szenario –> blue dotted line)
Source: Velders, Guus J.M. et.al., 2009
BAU
450 ppm target (2°C level) 2050:
aprox. 20 GtCO2 /a
Global emissiones due to HFC
2050: 5,5 - 8,8 GtCO2 /a
max. 43 % of total emissions
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Worldwide HFC-emissions projection until 2050
40
35
30
Total CO2 emissions
25
Gt CO2eq
Emission level to reach the
450 ppm target (2°C level)
20
15
10
(IPCC 3rd Assessment Report)
HFCs in 2010: 1,3%
of total CO2eq
emissions
HFCs in 2050: 43,5%
of total CO2eq
emissions
5
HFC-emissions
0
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
Source: IPCC, Velders et.al., German UBA
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Applications in refrigeration, air conditioning
and foam technology
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Content
1. What is happening in the RAC Sector?
2. Introducing Proklima
1. Programmatic approach
2. BMZ / BMU programs
3. Examples / demonstrations
3. The NAMA project
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Programmatic approach of Proklima
 Cross sectoral
 Cross-conventional (Montreal/Kyoto/Basel/Stockholm)
 From technology demonstration to sector conversions
 Optimized application of natural refrigerants/blowing agents
 Cooperation with all main stakeholders (private industry)
 Local added value (localization of technology, local
assembly; value chain)
 Capacity development
 Complementary funding
 Accessibility to climate negotiations & future climate regime
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Environmental technology transfer
to developing countries
Sector development
CFC  HCFC  HFC  LOW GWP + EE applications and systems
Capacity
development
Management/
Support
Networking
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Barriers and solutions for application of
natural refrigerants
Barriers
Solution/approach
Flammability
 Implementation of relevant safety measures
 Capacity building measures
 For conversions of production lines:
support for re-design (safety and energy efficiency)
Risk of explosion
Toxicity
Restrictive
standards
Advice on new standards, considering the application of
natural refrigerants
Higher investment
costs
Demonstration projects in order to prove operative
savings and to allow sound decisions
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Proklima climate impact & Cost efficiency
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Worldwide Operations
Proklima
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15 years worldwide initiatives
~ 200 projects
~ 40 countries
~ 8,000 ODP tons reduced
~ 100 Mio tons CO2eq.
reduced
Focus on natural refrigerants with low-GWP and energyefficient applications
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http://www.bmu-klimaschutzinitiative.de/en/theme
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Overview of GIZ Proklima projects
within the framework of ICI
India
• Pilot
production of
climate
friendly room
air
conditioners
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BMU Project examples
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Brazil: Refrigerator recycling programme
China: Split AC production with propane
China: Production of XPS insulation sheets (CO2)
South Africa: Supermarket refrigeration (NH3/CO2)
Swasiland: Conversion of domestic refrigeration production
Southern Africa: Solar powered refrigerators SolarChill
Mexico, India, Thailand, South Africa: HFC NAMAs
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Southern Africa - Introducing solar powered
refrigerators SolarChill (BMU ICI)
Commercial
Merchandiser
(LC 86)
Domestic
Unit (LS
150)
Medical Unit
(MC 72)
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Southern Africa - Introducing solar powered
refrigerators SolarChill (BMU IKI)
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Southern Africa - Introducing solar powered
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Southern Africa - Introducing solar powered
refrigerators SolarChill (BMU IKI)
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Swasiland: Conversion of domestic refrigeration production
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Swasiland: Conversion of domestic refrigeration production
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Swasiland: Conversion of domestic refrigeration production
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Swasiland: Conversion of domestic refrigeration production
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Brazil – Refrigerator recycling (BMU IKI)
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Brazil – Refrigerator recycling (BMU IKI)
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Brazil – Refrigerator recycling (BMU IKI)
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Content
1. What is happening in the RAC Sector?
2. Introducing Proklima
1. Programmatic approach
2. BMZ / BMU programs
3. Examples / demonstrations
3. The NAMA project
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Financing Options for HFC Phase-out in the RAC Sector
Multilateral Fund -> HCFC phase out but funding constraints
(CFCs/HCFCs not eligible for funding under Kyoto Protocol!)
HFCs not (yet?) covered
VERs (Verified Emissions Reduction Projects)
-> CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs eligible for funding, but very low price
CDM -> HFCs eligible, only 2 explicit methodologies for
RAC sector,but not practicable,
PoA? -> monitoring & verification difficult
NAMAs -> Sectoral phase-out strategies could be an option
(low hanging fruit due to huge emission reduction potential &
high cost efficiency)
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Climate Change
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Montreal / Kyoto
Emisiones indirectas
Emisiones directas
Sustancias
controladas
Apoyos
secotriales
Alternativas a
largo plazo
Montreal – Protección Capa de Ozono
CFC (Montreal)
Montreal
HCFC (Montreal)
Non - Market
Producción
(Montreal y
Kyoto)
HFC (Kyoto)
Gases naturales
CO2 (Kyoto)
Eficiencia energética
UNFCCC
/Kyoto Market
based
CDM
Consumidores
(sólo Kyoto)
Protección atmósfera - Convenio Marco Clima
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NAMA
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NAMA
Nationally appropriate mitigation actions
 COP15 (Copenhaguen)
 voluntary emission reduction measures by developing
countries
 directly reported to the UNFCCC Secretariat.
 offer a big potential to introduce low carbon technologies
and to to significantly reduce GHG emissions.
 MRV: Monitoring Reporting Verification
 3 categories of NAMAs
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3 NAMA categories
 Unilateral NAMAs
 Mitigation activities untertaken be developing countries on their own responsibility
 different reasons,
 improving energy security
 reduction of the dependency on energy imports
 pushing energy efficiency
 Funding: domestically funded
 Supported NAMAs
 Mitigation activities in developing countries, supported by developed countries
 Financing - Technical assistance - Technology transfer - Capacity
development.
 Funding: multilateral, bilateral, etc.
 Credited NAMAs
 Mitigation activities in developing countries with the aim to generate emission credits
 similar principles as the current CDM framework.
 Funding: carbon market
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GIZ project: Development of NAMAs in the refrigeration, airconditioning and foam manufacturing sectors
 Objective: Establish tools and methodologies for NAMAs in
refrigeration, air conditioning and foam sectors
 Expected outcome: 4 NAMAs ready to be submitted for funding;
 Partner countries: Thailand, India, South Africa, Mexico
 Scope:
 Budget: EUR 2.000.000
 Duration: Nov 2010 – Dec 2012
 Target Group: Governmental partners, NOUs, Industry associations
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Project goals
1. Enable decision makers to identify and estimate
emission reduction potentials of climate friendly
alternatives
2. Develop methodologies for sectoral data collection of
HFC emissions
3. Develop guidelines for sector specific NAMA
preparation
4. Complete sector specific NAMA proposals of the
partner countries have been developed
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Barriers
 Decision makers cannot estimate emission reduction
potentials of climate friendly alternatives to HFCs
 Reliable data missing (no HFC inventories available)
 Transparent information & know-how on alternative
technologies not available
 Institutional framework for NAMAs not yet fully
established
 MRV methodologies still to be developed
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Benefits
 Development of methodology and other instruments for
NAMAs in the RAC & Foam sectors
 First comprehensive concept for HFC phase-out available in
developing countries
 First comprehensive data inventory of HFC emissions
 Practical approach of the studies allows immediate planning
and implementation of national strategies
 Ranking of various options (taking under consideration
technical feasibility & cost efficiency)
 Transparent information on HFC-free technologies available
 Multiplier effect and good chances for upscaling
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How can the Private Sector be involved
in the Implementation of NAMAs?
Important Requirements:
- Provide reliable regulatory framework
- Development of standards/norms
- Participative development of NAMA proposals
- Provide opportunities for labelling, certification , tests, approvals
- Build on existing technology networks
- Improve risk management (insurances, bank guarantees)
- Banking issues (Letter of credit etc.)
- Incentive programmes (state, national, sector)
- Associations to assist in MRV activities
- Supporting infrastructure, after sales, disposal, destruction
- Back up supplies, trade issues
- Sector communication plans
- MRV framework has to be economically feasible
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“Low Hanging Fruit”
RAC & Foam Sub-sectors with high
emission reduction potential
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Household refrigerators
Room AC production
Mobile Airconditioning
Production of XPS insulation sheets
Chillers (i.e. Solar Cooling)
Supermarket refrigeration
Transport refrigeration
Buildings (District Cooling, Absorption cooling/trigeneration)
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Thank you!
Contact:
Proklima International
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg1-5
65760 Eschborn, Germany
Email: alvaro.zurita@giz.de
Internet: www.gtz.de/proklima
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