ANR at NOON
Emerald Ash Borer
June 12, 2009
Emerald Ash Borer Update
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EAB Basics
Other pests of ash
Extension office scenario
Treatment options
Replacement options
Questions
Donald Lewis
Laura Jesse
Laura Jesse
Mark Shour
Jeff Iles
Emerald Ash Borer
Agrilus planipennis
Coleoptera: Buprestidae
David Cappaert,
Michigan State
University
Why is EAB Important?
• “A small insect that
attacks and kills ash
trees”
• Attacks and kills all
North American ash
• Virulent pest with
limited control
options
• Kills stressed and
healthy ash trees
Where is EAB From?
History in the USA
• Discovery: 2002*
• Detroit, Michigan
• Arrived
accidentally in
cargo imported
from Asia
*thought to have been
introduced at least ten
(10) years before
discovery.
2005
History in theJanuary
USA
• Rapid additional
detections
•3 states by 2005
November 2008
June 2009
June 2009
Potential for EAB spread
• Natural Spread by Adult Flight:
– Initial estimate: ½ mile/year from
brood trees
– Current guess of up to 4-5 miles.
– Most adults do not move very far
before infesting a tree
– Some may fly further before
infesting a tree
Human-Mediated Spread
• Firewood – commercial
and private
• Logs to mills for pulp or
lumber
• Nursery stock
• Tree waste to disposal
sites, co-gen plants
Artificial Spread of EAB
Emerald ash
borer adult
Small insects – ½ ” long x 1/16” wide
1.0 to 1.25 inch
Larval feeding ‘slowly’ kills the tree by girdling
(cuts off circulation of nutrients)
Complete Life Cycle
Mating
and Eggs
Adults
David Cappaert, MSU
Larvae
Pupae
EAB Life Cycle
• Adults emerge in June in Iowa
• Adults are active for one month –
limited foliage feeding; then mate,
lay eggs
• Eggs hatch in 1-2 weeks
• Tiny larvae bore through the bark
and into the cambium - feed for
several weeks
• Larvae spend winter inside the tree
EAB Predicted Peak
Emergence
June 22 - 30
June 15 - 21
June 8 - 14
How Does EAB Kill Trees?
Identifying EAB
• General symptoms
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Canopy thinning
Epicormic sprouting
Woodpecker feeding
Bark cracks
• Damage
– Larval feeding tunnels
– Adult emergence holes
• Life stages
– Larvae
– Adults
Canopy thinning
EAB Symptoms
water sprouts
Woodpecker Flecking
Bark
Splitting
• Vertical fissures on
bark due to callous
tissue formation
over galleries
under the bark
Damage – Larval Feeding
Tunnels
Damage – Larval Feeding
Tunnels
Black ash
Damage – Adult Emergence
Holes
~1/8 inch wide
Damage – Adult Emergence
Holes
Life Stages - Larvae
Life Stages Larvae
0 of 30
Life Stages – Adults
What Can We Do About
EAB?
• Keep it from moving
(prevention)
• Find it as early as
possible (early
detection)
• Slow its rate of spread
(management)
Tony Kimoto, CFIA
Prevent Spread
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Firewood
Logs
Nursery stock
Tree waste