Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
Objectives
•
Compare the candidates in the election
of 1860, and analyze the results.
•
Analyze why southern states seceded from
the Union.
•
Assess the events that led to the outbreak
of war.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
Terms and People
•
Jefferson Davis – Mississippi senator who became
president of the Confederacy
•
John C. Breckinridge –Southern Democrat
nominated for president in the 1860 election
•
Confederate States of America – formed in
February 1861 by seven states that left the Union
•
Crittenden Compromise – proposed constitutional
amendment allowing slavery in all territories south of
the Missouri Compromise line
•
Fort Sumter – federal fort in Charleston, South
Carolina, where first shots of Civil War were fired
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
How did the Union finally collapse into
a civil war?
Disagreement between the North and South
over slavery continued, despite last-minute
attempts such as the Crittenden Compromise.
With the election of Lincoln to the presidency,
the crisis came to a head.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
The election of 1860 had four candidates.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
A Democrat, John C. Breckinridge
was from Kentucky.
He believed the federal
government must protect
slavery.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
A Democrat, Stephen A. Douglas was
from Illinois.
He believed popular
sovereignty should decide
the slavery issue when
territories became states.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
A Republican, Abraham Lincoln was
from Illinois.
He believed
slavery should not be
allowed in the
territories.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
Constitutional Unionist John Bell was
from Tennessee.
He believed the
federal government
should support slavery
and defend the Union.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
With no national
candidate
dominating the
campaign,
Lincoln won with
just over half of
the electoral
votes needed
and 40 percent
of the popular
vote.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
The vote for
Abraham Lincoln
was mostly a
vote for
moderation
toward the issue
of slavery and a
vote for the
Union.
However, the
South felt it no
longer had a
voice in the
national
government
and did not see
how it could
remain in the
Union.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
X
South Carolina was the
first southern state to
leave the Union.
At a state convention
held six weeks after
Election Day,
legislators voted
to secede. It was a
unanimous vote.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
Outgoing President Buchanan publicly
condemned South Carolina’s action.
However, he did not use force to prevent it.
Within weeks, six other Southern states
followed South Carolina.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
The states with the largest enslaved populations seceded.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
The constitution of the
Confederate States of America:
•
closely resembled the U.S. Constitution.
•
stressed the independence of each
state.
•
implied that states had the right to
secede.
•
forbid importing new slaves from other
countries.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
Jefferson Davis, former
senator from Mississippi,
became president of the
Confederate States of
America.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
When Lincoln took office:
• he urged peace between the
Confederacy and the Union.
• he decided to try to hold on to
the Union forts the Confederacy
claimed, such as Fort Sumter.
However, Confederate forces attacked and
captured the fort in defiance of Lincoln.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
After
Fort Sumter
fell, Lincoln
declared that
insurrection
existed.
Four more southern
states immediately
joined the
Confederacy.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
A Nation Divided by Civil War
The issue of slavery
had long divided the
nation, even at the
Constitutional
Convention in 1787.
The economic sectional differences in the
mid-1800s also greatly contributed to the
national division.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
4
Predictions
were the
Civil War
would be
short, but it
lasted for
four terrible
years.
The Cold
Lincoln,
War Begins
Secession, and War