Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
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Objectives
•
Analyze how deepening sectional distrust affected
the nation’s politics.
•
Compare the positions of Abraham Lincoln and
Stephen A. Douglas on the issue of slavery.
•
Explain the effect of John Brown’s raid on
the slavery debate.
Political
The ColdRealignment
War Begins Deepens the Crisis
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
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Terms and People
•
Know-Nothings – members of anti-immigrant
movement
•
Republican Party – political party founded in
1854 that opposed slavery
•
Dred Scott – a Missouri slave who sued for his
freedom
•
Roger B. Taney – chief justice of Supreme Court
that ruled against Scott
Political
The ColdRealignment
War Begins Deepens the Crisis
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
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Terms and People
(continued)
•
Abraham Lincoln – Republican politician from
Illinois who opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act
•
Stephan A. Douglas – an Illinois politician, rival
to Lincoln, who supported Kansas-Nebraska Act
•
Harper’s Ferry – Location of federal arsenal that
John Brown tried to seize and start a revolution
that would destroy slavery
Political
The ColdRealignment
War Begins Deepens the Crisis
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
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What developments deepened the
divisions between the North and South?
By the mid-1850s, events caused a deep divide
between sections of the nation that seemed unable
to be resolved through negotiation and
compromise.
As the westward expansion continued, these deep
sectional differences threatened to tear the nation
apart.
Political
The ColdRealignment
War Begins Deepens the Crisis
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
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In the presidential election of 1856 there
were 5 political parties.
Whig Party
Failed to nominate a candidate
Republican Party
Won one-third of the popular vote and
11 northern states
Know-Nothings
Put up a candidate but dissolved over
the slavery issue
Democrats
Won with James Buchanan promising to stop
the “agitation of the slavery issue”
Free-Soil Party
Absorbed into the Republican Party
Political
The ColdRealignment
War Begins Deepens the Crisis
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
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Within a year of the election, another event
intensified the divisions in the nation over slavery.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled on the case of
Dred Scott, an enslaved man who had lived in a
free state and sued for his freedom.
Political
The ColdRealignment
War Begins Deepens the Crisis
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
3
Chief Justice Roger B.
Taney handed down the
controversial decision in
March, 1857.
Political
The ColdRealignment
War Begins Deepens the Crisis
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
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The
Dred Scott
decision:
• ruled against Scott.
• said slaves were
property and not
allowed to sue in
court.
• said the Missouri
Compromise was
unconstitutional.
• pleased the South.
• angered the North and
abolitionists.
Political
The ColdRealignment
War Begins Deepens the Crisis
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
3
In 1858, in a race for the
Illinois senate seat,
Stephen A. Douglas and
Abraham Lincoln debated
the issue of slavery.
The seven debates got
national attention.
Political
The ColdRealignment
War Begins Deepens the Crisis
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
3
On the issue of slavery:
Lincoln
Douglas
Spoke with direct and deliberate
tone focusing on how slavery
was a struggle between right
and wrong.
Had an energetic, commanding
voice and spoke of the political
issues.
Opposed the Kansas-Nebraska
Act, popular sovereignty, and the
Scott decision.
Supported the Kansas-Nebraska
Act and popular sovereignty.
Opposed the annexation of
Texas.
Supported the annexation of
Texas.
Political
The ColdRealignment
War Begins Deepens the Crisis
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
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Both candidates believed the issue of slavery
had to be resolved peacefully, within the
framework of laws.
Douglas won the Senate seat by a slim margin.
The debates gave Abraham Lincoln national
recognition that was important in the 1860
presidential election.
Political
The ColdRealignment
War Begins Deepens the Crisis
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
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John Brown
organized
a small party
of men
and attacked
a federal arsenal
at Harper’s Ferry
in Virginia.
His goal was to
inspire local slaves to
join a revolution that
would defeat slavery.
Political
The ColdRealignment
War Begins Deepens the Crisis
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
3
Most abolitionists
(black and white)
refused to join Brown
although a few sent
money for guns.
Brown was arrested,
tried, and executed.
Lincoln and other
Republicans condemned
Brown.
The South was on
alert and many
prepared for war.
Political
The ColdRealignment
War Begins Deepens the Crisis
John
Brown’s raid
failed but
intensified
national
division.
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
3
Near the end of the 1850s,
attempts at compromise over slavery had failed.
The possibility of war between the
North and South loomed.
Political
The ColdRealignment
War Begins Deepens the Crisis