Section
5
Objectives
•
Explain how Dutch New Netherland became
English New York.
•
Describe William Penn’s relationship with
Indians in Pennsylvania.
•
Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania
Colony to other colonies.
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Terms and People
•
push factor – events and circumstances that
motivate people to leave their homes
•
pull factor − events and circumstances that
attract people to a new location
•
William Penn − wealthy Quaker Englishman
who founded Pennsylvania
•
Quaker − unlike Puritans, sought inner
understanding of Bible, considered women equal,
and were pacifists
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What were the characteristics of the
Middle Colonies?
The English settled on the northern and
southern Atlantic coast of North America.
Swedes and Dutch settled small colonies on
the mid-Atlantic coast.
Later the English came to control most of
the Atlantic seaboard.
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Rivers were
important to
the Middle
Colonies for
many reasons.
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The Dutch West Indies Company spurred
the development of New Netherland.
1609: Sent ships up the Hudson River to trade
for furs from Indians.
1614: With traders and farmers, founded
present-day Albany, New York.
1625: Founded New Amsterdam, now presentday New York City.
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Characteristics of Dutch Colonies
•
Settled mainly by farmers and traders from the
Netherlands, France, Germany, and Norway.
•
Colonies tolerated various religious groups including
Jews, Baptists, and Lutherans.
•
The Dutch West Indies Company appointed a governor
and advisory council of colonial leaders.
•
No elected assembly was permitted.
•
The Dutch West Indies Company bought land from
Indians.
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Push and pull factors decreased or
increased immigration.
The Netherlands
England
People enjoyed religious
tolerance and had no
religious reason to leave.
Puritans were persecuted
and wanted freedom to
worship their way.
The country had a
booming economy and
few poor people.
The country had a stagnant
economy with a large
number of poor people.
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In 1655, the Dutch took command
of New Sweden.
•
In 1638, Swedish and Finnish farmers and
traders built a small colony on the lower
Delaware River in what is present-day Delaware.
•
The colony expanded to parts of present-day
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland.
•
Dutch Governor Peter Stuyvesant sent
warships to New Sweden and assumed control
of the colony.
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English
English
Dutch
The English and Dutch were intense rivals
for global trade in the 1650s and 1660s.
In 1664, the English sent an expedition and
forced Stuyvesant to surrender the colony.
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When the English moved into the Middle
Colonies:
•
They renamed New Amsterdam to New York
after the Duke of York.
•
The Duke of York took over governing the
colony as a proprietary colony.
•
York designated formation of a new colony
in 1664, now present-day New Jersey.
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The Pennsylvania Colony was founded
in 1682.
•
Started by William Penn, a wealthy Quaker
who cultivated peace with the Indians.
•
Quaker beliefs:
•
•
•
•
no clergy leadership
women spiritually equal to men
pacifist―do not fight wars or bear arms
tolerate other faiths
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Unlike other
English leaders,
Quaker William
Penn bought
land from the
Indians.
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Pennsylvania became William Penn’s “holy
experiment” for political and religious freedom.
•
Penn wrote a constitution that guaranteed
fundamental liberties.
•
Tolerant policies encouraged people from a broad
range of religious backgrounds to immigrate.
•
The colonists did not try to
convert the Indians.
•
Penn named the capital
Philadelphia, which means
“city of brotherly love.”
This early grid of Philadelphia shows
wide streets and public spaces.
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Each colony had its own approach.
Massachusetts Bay
Pennsylvania
Virginia
Founded by Puritans
seeking religious
freedom
Founded by Quakers
seeking religious
freedom
Founded by people looking
for new ways to succeed
financially
Elected governor
and assembly
Had a constitution
Appointed governor and
elected assembly
No religious tolerance
Religious tolerance
Little religious tolerance
Tried to convert
Indians
Did not try to convert
Indians
Tried to convert Indians
Took land from Indians
Bought land from
Indians
Took land from Indians
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The Middle Colonies
enjoyed diversity.
No single ethnic group
or specific religious
group had a majority
in the Middle Colonies.
This peaceful diversity
went against the
traditional belief that
political order depended
on ethnic and religious
uniformity.
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The Middle Colonies’ diversity became
part of the nation’s character.
The ethnic and religious pluralism in the Middle
Colonies was an early example of how the United
States later developed into a multi-cultural society.
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