Matter and the Changes
They Undergo

Phases of Matter

The type and arrangement of the particles in a sample of matter determine the properties of the matter

Three states of matter:
1.
Solid
2.
3.
Liquid
Gas

Solids

Definite shape, size, and volume

Molecules are closely packed together

Molecules are vibrating

Liquids

No definite shape or size, but DOES have a definite volume

Molecules are loosely packed together

Molecules are sliding and bouncing off of one another

Gases

No definite shape, size, or volume

Molecules are separated by great distances

Molecules are traveling in a straight line of motion until they hit something

Matter

Matter – Anything that takes up space that you can think of?

Matter has Physical and
Chemical properties

Physical Properties

Physical Properties are properties that describe the look or feel of a substance

Example: color, hardness, density, texture, phase

Every substance has its own unique physical properties that can be used to identify the substance.

Physical Properties

These properties can change when conditions change 
However, are still unique (do not change into another substance)

Water to ice is a physical change (same chemical composition)

Chemical Reactions

Propane Chemically Reacts with oxygen to yield water and carbon dioxide

Propane and oxygen gas are the
REACTANTS and water and carbon dioxide are the
PRODUCTS

Chemical Properties

Chemical Properties –
The ability of a substance to react with other substances or to transform from one substance to another

Chemical Properties
Altering a Chemical Property:

Changes the way the atoms in the molecules are chemically bonded to one another. This is known as a Chemical
Change.

Chemical Change means the materials are
Reacting

Chemical Reactions

In a Chemical Reaction, new materials are formed by a change in the way the atoms are bonded together

Atoms actually rearrange within the molecules

UNLIKE A PHYSICAL CHANGE WHICH KEEPS THE
ORIGINAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Evidence of a Chemical
Change / Reaction

Bubbles: Formation of a gas

Solid/Precipitate is formed

Release or absorption of energy (gets hot or cold)

A color changed in the system

Physical or Chemical
Change?
SO…
What is a Physical Change ???
What is a Chemical Change ???

Check:
Physical or Chemical Change?

Characterize the following scenarios as physical or chemical changes:

Water to ice

Car: Iron to Rust
Crushing up a stone to a fine
 powder


Photosynthesis
Cutting grass

Propane burns in a grill

Matter (Review)

What is Matter?

Anything that has mass and volume
(anything that takes up space)

Mass??

Volume??

Space an Object Occupies


The Space an Object Occupies is the object’s volume
Volume can be measure by LxWxH if a square or rectangle
 mL, L, cm 3

But, how about an odd shaped solid??

Even better, how about a gas or liquid??

Quantity of Matter


The Quantity of Matter is the Mass
A marble is smaller than a ping pong ball but has more mass

It contains more MATTER

Mass can be measured using a balance
 g, kg

Mass is NOT Weight

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter an object contains

Weight, on the other hand, is defined as the force produced by gravity acting on a mass

Mass is the same on the moon, whereas weight will change

Units of Measurement

Heavy, light, rough, smooth are qualitative measurements

Mass and volume can be described in number values  quantitative measurements

Volume is the Quantity measured in milliliters (the Units)

Système Internationale d’Unités
(SI units)

Scientists use the SI (Metric) system for
ALL measurements

English (American) System is not accepted

The SI System is built on the seven base units listed below

Quantity
Length
Mass
Time
Temperature
Amount of
Substance
Electric Current
Luminous Intensity
Symbol l m
T t n
I
I v
Unit
Meter
Kilogram
Second
Kelvin
Mole
Ampere
Candela
Abbreviation m kg s
K mol
A cd