Common Signs and Symptoms
Typically begin with behavioral changes
 Slow developing and very subtle
 May not be noticed early in development of
disorder
 Forgetfulness, anxiety, temper tantrums

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Diagnostic Tests

Physiologic tests
 Brain scans, EEGs, MRIs
Referral to psychiatrist for psychological
testing
 Aptitude test
 Personality test

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Developmental Disorders
Mental Retardation - decreased
intelligence and ability to learn,
socialize, and mature
 Autism - developmental disorder

 Preoccupation with inner thoughts,
daydreams, fantasies, and delusions
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Developmental Disorders

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
 Inability to concentrate, hyperactivity, and
impulsiveness

Stuttering
 Hesitancy of starting and finishing word
 Prolonged pauses between words
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Developmental Disorders

Eating disorders
 Bulimia
 Anorexia nervosa
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Developmental Disorders
Tic disorders - sudden, rapid muscle
movement or vocalization
 Enuresis - bedwetting; urinary
incontinence after toilet training

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Substance-Related Mental
Disorders

Alcoholism
 Physical and mental dependence on alcohol
 Chronic, progressive, and often fatal
Marijuana - “pot”
 Cocaine - accelerant to CNS and
anesthetic

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Substance-Related Mental
Disorders
Caffeine and Nicotine - Most addictive
substances
 Sedatives or depressants – anti-anxiety

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Substance-Related Mental
Disorders
Amphetamines - releases epinepherine,
leading to increased heart rate and other
body systems
 Hallucinogens - psychedelic drugs

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Substance-Related Mental
Disorders
Narcotics - depressants primarily
prescribed as analgesics
 Inhalants - legal substances including
glue, nail polish, lighter fluid

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Organic Mental Disorders
Physical cause
 Affects cognition and ability to think,
remember, and make judgments
 May be temporary or permanent

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Organic Mental Disorders
Dementia - deterioration of mental
abilities due to physical changes in brain
 Delirium - acute condition from
medications, alcohol, fever, or illness
 Alzheimer’s - progressive and
irreversible form of dementia

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Psychosis
Disintegration of one’s personality
 Impaired communication skills
 Inability to deal with life’s demands
 Delusions and hallucinations
 Schizophrenia - lose touch with reality,
delusions

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Psychosis

Delusional disorders
 Belief in a delusion in an otherwise normally
adjusted and balanced personality
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Psychosis

Types
 Grandiose
 Jealous
 Erotomanic
 Persecutory
 Somatic
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Mood or Affective Disorders

Involve emotions:
 Depression - prolonged feeling of extreme
sadness or unhappiness, despair and
discouragement
 Seasonal Affective Disorder - depressive
condition during winter months
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Mood or Affective Disorders

Involve emotions:
 Bipolar Disorder - depression in which
extreme depression and mania occur
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Dissociative Disorders
Changes in identity or consciousness
 Types

 Psychogenic amnesia
 Psychogenic fugue
 Depersonalization
 Multiple personality
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Anxiety Disorders
Temporary response to stress but may
become chronic
 Types

 Generalized anxiety disorder
 Panic disorder
 Phobia disorder
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Anxiety Disorders

Types
 Obsessive-Compulsive disorder
 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
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Somatoform Disorders

Physical symptoms but no organic
cause can be found
 Conversion - “hysterical neurosis”
 Hypochondriasis - abnormal anxiety about
one’s body and health
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Somatoform Disorders
 Pain disorder
 Malingering
 Munchausen Syndrome
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Personality Disorders

Personality disorders
 Paranoid
 Schizoid
 Antisocial
 Narcissistic
 Histrionic
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Sexual Disorders

Sexual disorders
 Exhibitionism
 Fetishism
 Transvestic fetishism
 Frotteurism
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Sexual Disorders

Sexual disorders
 Pedophilia
 Sexual sadism
 Sexual masochism
 Voyeurism
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Sleep Disorders
Insomnia
 Narcolepsy
 Sleep apnea
 Nightmare disorder
 Sleep terror
 Sleepwalking

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Trauma
Grief - natural process of coping with
loss
 Suicide - major concern with teenagers

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