EuroDocsis
Introduction
A short course about the
introduction of EuroDocsis 1.1
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 1
Version:
Why this course?
• EuroDocsis 1.1 is new
• A lot of previous systems exist in Casema
e.g. Demos, DVB, COM21
• A lot of related subjects such as
TPA, SI, SP, different OS
IHN, EMC, LVD
AAA, QoS
but what does it mean?
(even if you know them all, this presentation may be interesting for you)
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 2
Version:
Agenda for today
• EuroDocsis introduction
– planning,
– some features,
– COM21, DVB, Docsis, EuroDocsis comparison
• System Issues
– NGP, implementation of other market areas,
– system calculations (capacity, line price),
– linking to the PC
• Implementation issues
– Suppliers comparison,
– Self installation and provisioning
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 3
Version:
Our goals
• Roll out without major surprises.
• Broad knowledge about EuroDocsis 1.1
(not only technical possibilities and blockings,
also the market related ones must be known)
• Low line price (what the hell is line price!)
(everybody knows its importance, nobody uses it,
somebody calculated it, anybody does it his way)
• Get a modem system that is cheaper and
more flexible than COM21's system today
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 4
Version:
1-10-100 rule
RFQ phase
good questions
understanding
- the subject
- the supplier
right choice
change cost
some days
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Author: A.Velders
Trial and
test phase
what must be test
what are the criteria
understanding
- the need for the test
- the test results
- the consequences
right choice
change cost
a few man-weeks
Business
phase
reliability, availability
serviceability
upgradeability
installability
understanding
changing cost a lot more
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Issues that are
(partly) not covered
• Regulatory issues
If it is mandatory, only the board can and must decide since
the president (and his MT) is mostly personally responsible.
Examples:
–
–
–
–
LT
EMC
LDV
IHN
Legal Tapping, government must be able to tap
Radiation & interfering other systems like air traffic
Low-Voltage Directive, Safety due to mains voltage
Configurations and responsibility (only TPA aspects)
basis for seminar is: Cable operator is not responsible for IHN
AOP + NTU + modem together, no usage of existing IHN
for interactive traffic, Ethernet from modem to the PC
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
SI = Self installation
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 6
Version:
Development of Euro-DOCSIS
in Time
Cursus voor niet-technici
3 mei 2002
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 7
Version:
CableLabs
• In 1988, CableLabs was founded in the USA
• CableLabs serves the cable television industry by:
• researching and identifying new broadband technologies;
• authoring specifications, certifying products and spreading
information.
• CableLabs benefits the cable television industry and
consumers by:
• enabling interoperability among different cable systems;
• facilitating retail availability of cable modems and advanced
services; and helping cable operators deploy innovative
broadband technologies
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Sheet: 8
Version:
DOCSIS summary
Website:
www.cablelabs.com
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 9
Version:
DOCSIS summary
Version
1.0
1.1
CCCM
2.0
Spec
'97
'99
'00
01Q4
PICS/ATP
'98
00Q3
01Q2
t.b.d.
1st Certif. CMs
'99
203
01Q3
22
02Q3
0
t.b.d.
0
CMTSs
26
6
0
0
Market
Roll out
Roll out
Waiting
Waiting
CCCM = CPE controlled CM, t.b.d.= to be defined
1.0
1.1
CCCM
2.0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 10
Version:
History of Euro-DOCSIS
• In October 1999, TOCOF was founded and selected
Ghent University to establish and conduct Euro-DOCSIS
interoperability and certification program
• In February 2000, Euro-DOCSIS annex N is approved
• In May 2000, tComLabs at Ghent and Euro-DOCSIS
Certification Board (ECB) were founded
• In June 2000, first certification wave for Euro-DOCSIS 1.0
products by tComLabs
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Sheet: 11
Version:
EuroDOCSIS summary
Website:
www.tcomlabs.com
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Sheet: 12
Version:
EuroDOCSIS summary
Version
1.0
1.1
2.0
Spec
00Q1
01Q3
???
PICS/ATP
00Q2
01Q3
???
1st Certif. CMs
00Q3
28
01Q4
0
???
0
CMTSs
16
0
0
Market
Roll out
Delayed
Waiting
ED1.0
ED1.1
2000
2001
RFQ NGP
Selection
2002
2003
ED1.0 ED1.1 roll out
TPA
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Sheet: 13
Version:
Euro-Docsis
Technische inleiding
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Sheet: 14
Version:
DOCSIS
•
•
•
•
•
•
Data
Over
Cable
Services
Interface
Specifications
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 15
Version:
DOCSIS
• Amerikaanse standaard
• Gestandaardiseerde apparatuur
• CM ( kabelmodem) en CMTS
(netwerkapparatuur) mogen van een
verschillende fabrikant zijn
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Sheet: 16
Version:
EuroDOCSIS
• Europese versie van DOCSIS
• Aanpassingen aan Europese kabelnetten
– Kanaalbandbreedte
– Upstream frequency range
– Downstream frequency range
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Sheet: 17
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Reference Model Compleet
Operations Support System
CMTS RF interface
SNMPV3
Backbone
Transport
Adapter
CMTS-NSI
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
NSI =
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Network
Termination
Mod
Dem
Cable modem
Termination system
Network-Side interface
O/E
Node
O/E
Node
TX
RX
O/E
Node
Cable Modem
CPE Interface
Cable
modem
Cable Modem RF Interface
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 18
Version:
CPE
Operations Support System
• DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol) server
• Time of Day Server
• TFTP(Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 19
Version:
DHCP
• De DHCP server zorgt voor:
– Het IP adres van het Modem
– Het IP adres van de Time of day server
– Het IP adres van de TFTP server
– Naam van de Config file
– DCHP lease: tijd dat IP adres aan het modem
is toegekend
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Time of day Server
• Zorgt voor:
– de tijdsindicatie
– samen met offset wordt dat de juiste lokale tijd
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TFTP
• De TFTP server zorgt voor:
– Config file
•
•
•
•
Netwerk toegang configuratie setting
Class of Service configuratie setting
Quality of Service configuratie setting
Baseline Privacy configuratie setting
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 22
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TPA
• Toegang via derde partijen
– Modem maakt verbinding met Casema
– CPE (PC) maakt verbinding met ISP
• Twee afzonderlijke procedures
– CPE(PC) heeft IP adres
– Modem heeft IP adres
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 23
Version:
Baseline Privacy
• Bied een zeker niveau van versleuteling
• Authenticiteit van CM en CTMS
– Docsis 1.0 BPI Niet voor CM
– Docsis 1.1 BPI Voor CM via digitale
handtekening
• Zorgt dat CM alleen toegang heeft tot
diensten waarvoor het is geautoriseerd
– Docsis 1.0 via MAC adres
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Sheet: 24
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Baseline Privacy
• Zorgt dat CM alleen toegang heeft tot
diensten waarvoor het is geautoriseerd
– Docsis 1.0 via MAC adres
– Docsis 1.1 via MAC adres en Digitale
handtekening.
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 25
Version:
Downstream
CM
CM
CM
CMTS
CMTSCable
Modem
Termination
System
CM
CM
CM
CM-Cable Modem
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
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Downstream
•
•
•
•
•
Frequency gebied:108-862 MHz
Bandbreedte: 8MHz/ eff 7,96 MHz
QAM 64 (QAM 256)
MPEG-2 datastream
Bruto Bitsnelheid: 42 Mbit/s tot 56 Mbit/s
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Version:
Upstream
CM
CM
CM
CMTS
CMTSCable
Modem
Termination
System
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
CM
Instraling
CM
CM
IHN
CPE
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 28
Version:
Upstream
•
•
•
•
Freqency range: 5 MHz-65 MHz
Bandbreedte : 0.2 ;0.4 ;0.8 ;1.6 of 3.2 Mhz
QPSK of 16 QAM
Bitsnelheid: 0,128 …10,24 Mb/s
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Wat is maximaal mogelijk ?
Bit/Hz
9
256QAM
8
7
Shannon limit
6
128QAM
64QAM
5
4
3
2
Maximale
Signaal/ruis
CATV
netwerk
1
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Author: A.Velders
10
20
CNR [dB]
32
dB
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 30
Version:
CNR zichtbaar gemaakt
Grote CNR
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Kleine CNR
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Sheet: 31
Version:
(Euro)Docsis
to DVB/COM21
issues
A short course about the
differences between DVB
COM21 and (Euro-)DOCSIS
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 32
Version:
DVB, COM21,
(Euro)Docsis
DVB
EBU
From 1995
A/V + IP (+ tel.)
Origin: Europe
EBU
Multimedia standard
IP development failed
due to weak CNP support
EuroDocsis
From 2000
IP + tel. only
Origin: Europe
tComLabs
IP oriented standard
Video streaming development
due to lack of CNP pushing
COM21
Docsis
From 1996
IP only (+ tel.)
Origin: USA
COM21
IP oriented proprietary
One vendor only
due to that, too expensive
From 1997
IP + tel. only
Origin: USA
CableLabs
IP oriented standard
Video streaming development
due to lack of broadcast vision
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 33
Version:
DVB versus Docsis
DVB
DOCSIS
+ CM easily to link with STB
+ Real multimedia vision, DVB for all
+ IPCableCom, later adopted for timecritical services.
+ Developed for world market from
European vision. Can be used in either
8 (PAL,SECAM) or 6 MHz (NTSC)
systems.
- 8 US channels per DS
+ OOB and IB possible
+ QoS from the beginning.
Important in Europe
- STB link originally not foreseen.
- No multimedia vision, DVB + ED mix
+ IPCableCom, later adopted for timecritical services.
- Developed in USA, for USA.
DOCSIS is not suitable for other
regions, it declares the EuroDOCSIS
version.
+ 4 to 8 channels per DS (vendor dep.)
- Only IB possible.
- QoS was not in DOCSIS1.0 CoS only.
In USA less interest.
The many pro's for DVB shows the technical superiority for the European market
but the market decided differently. DVB and EuroDocsis will be used simultanuously
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
OOB = Out of Band, separate control downstream based on QPSK 2 Mb/s
IB = In Band, control signals in main downstream band
multimedia = satellite, cable, terrestrial
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Sheet: 34
Version:
COM21 versus Euro(Docsis)
COM21
Europe (EuroDOCSIS)
- Proprietary, monopoly position
+ Mature proven technology
- Downstream 6 MHz, NTSC oriented,
27 Mb/s in 8 MHz
- Upstream 1,7 MHz QPSK only
- Bridged CMTS based VLAN tagging
- Tel: very expensive propriatary
+ Internet: QoS and billing,
- PPPoE like virtual IP encapsulation
(proprietary)
- Too transparent for ISP (CNP problem)
- iTV: no iTV but video streaming
+ Interoperable between many vendors
- Step into the dark but it will work finally
+ Downstream 8 MHz, PAL oriented,
38 Mb/s in 8 MHz
- Upstream 1,7 MHz QPSK only
+ Routed CMTS (can be used as bridged)
+ Tel: ETSI-POTS, ISDN, VoIP
+ Internet: QoS and billing (if ED1.1_
+ MPLS, VPN
but Cisco dominated up to now
- Better TPA, standard
+ iTV: over Ethernet/ EuroDOCSIS
There are good reasons to step from COM21 to EuroDocsis 1.1
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 35
Version:
EuroDocsis versus Docsis
part 1
USA DOCSIS (ETSI ES 201 488)
EuroDOCSIS (ES 201 488 Anx.N)
-
+ ITU region 1 oriented ("Old World plan")
US 5...65 MHz
DS 87,5...862 MHz, PAL oriented grid
+ European Directive for EMC (EMCD)
+ European Directive for safety (LVD)
+ Commitment to Cenelec EN 500 83
with higher reflection requirements
+ Under European supervision for e.g.
interoperability via tComLabs.
Influenced by Eur. CNP's (e.g. ISDN)
+ Eur. Cablecom solutions for telephony
+ Networks: (mini-) star based, buried
-
-
ITU region 2 oriented ("New World plan")
US 5...42 MHz
DS 54...750 MHz, NTSC oriented grid
FCC commitment for EMC, safety
USA LV safety based on 110 V
Commitment to US local standards
e.g. low reflection requirements
Under US supervision for e.g.
interoperability via CableLabs.
Cannot be influenced by Eur. CNP's.
US Cablecom solutions for telephony
Network: tree & branch, aboveground
Docsis shows a year in advance what we can expect from EuroDocsis
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 36
Version:
EuroDocsis versus Docsis
part 2
USA DOCSIS
EuroDOCSIS
+ Node size now 300...200
later 100...200 due to interactivity
- Drop lines to IHN
+ Home-RF is defacto standard, very
USB oriented
- DS 6 MHz NTSC based, gives 25%
lower efficiency in 8 MHz (27 Mb/s)
+ Network is renovated for 256QAM?
- US 3,5 MHz with 16QAM is used
with fall-back mode 2,56…10 Mb/s
- Tel: US-POTS, VoIP
- Internet: plain internet for the time
being, no iTV but video streaming
+
+
+
+
Node size now 800...2100
later 250 by interactivity
AOP-NTU connection to IHN
No common IHN solution, Ethernet
recommended, is the only cheap solution
DS is 8 MHz PAL based. Full 38 Mb/s.
European DVB fits in EuroDOCSIS.
Network not good enough for 256QAM
US 1,7 MHz only possible with QPSK, 2,56
may be 5,12 Mb/s in 3,5 MHz
Tel: ETSI-POTS, ISDN, VoIP
Internet: QoS and billing, MPLS, VPN, iTV
over Ethernet/ EuroDOCSIS
Environmental market conditions are completely different
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Author: A.Velders
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Sheet: 37
Version:
EuroDocsis 1.0; 1.1; 2.0
EuroDOCSIS 1.0
- Telephony is not possible
- CoS only
- TPA cannot be implemented
EuroDOCSIS 1.1
+ Telephony VoIP under development
+ Service enhancement QoS, payload header suppression
+ IP multicast enhancement and encryption (cond. access)
Better operations, SNMP v3, Account mgnt. Fault mgnt.
+ TPA is possible under certain conditions
EuroDOCSIS 2.0
- Advanced PHY: S-CDMA (ECI like) and Advanced TDMA
new hype of US vendors or is the market waiting for it?
- Starting development, not be certified before 2004?
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Sheet: 38
Version:
Euro-DOCSIS and Telephony
Cursus voor niet-technici
3 Mei 2002
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
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Sheet: 39
Version:
VoIP / IP Telephony / Internet
Telephony
• Gedachten van VoIP varieren van persoon tot persoon
• 3 verschillende voorbeelden VoIP / IP Telephony:
- Voice-over-Internet
meestal ‘PC-to-PC’ of ‘PC-to-Phone’
- Corporate VoIP
bedrijfstelefonie, o.a. PBX
- Carrier-grade VoIP
gebruikelijke analoge telefoon
De verschillen worden bepaald door type IP netwerk,
toegepaste protocollen, apparatuur, e.d.
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Architectuur
VoIP is gebaseerd op een open architectuur
IP-based
data services
Voice/Video
Conferencing
iTV
services
PacketCable /
IPCablecom Platform
PacketCable / IPCablecom Protocols
Internet Protocol
EuroDOCSIS 1.1 Platform
MAC, Media Access Control (addressing)
PHY, Broadband Modem Physical layer (modulation)
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Geschiedenis van Carrier-Grade
VoIP over Cable
• In 1998 begon CableLabs met PacketCable (Pkt)
• Begin 2001 begon ECCA met IPCablecom project
• In maart 2001 begonnen ETSI en ITU-T met technische
specificaties voor IPCableCom
• Omvattende aanpassingen in ETSI IPCablecom
standaarden zorgen voor vertragingen in het proces
• GEVOLG: Onzekerheid over certificatie en
onduidelijkheid over definitieve eisen
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New Generation Platform (NGP)
• Casema project NGP doelstelling is selectie van:
‘Euro-DOCSIS 1.1 + IPCableCom’ apparatuur
• Fasering van NGP
– Fase 1: Internet services (vervanging Com21)
– Fase 2: Third-Party access voor andere ISPs
– Fase 3: Self Provisioning & Self Installation
– Fase 4: Telefonie
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Voice-over-NGP I
• 2 architecturen gedefinieerd in IPCableCom:
– Fully VoIP (softswitch-gebaseerd)
– Switched VoIP (gebruikmakend van PSTN switch)
Casema heeft voor de ‘switched VoIP’
architectuur gekozen!
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Sheet: 44
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Voice-over-NGP II
Switched VoIP architectuur
Third party
Core network
HFC Network
Customer premises
IPCablecom (switched VoIP)
TSP
TDM-traffic
TSP
EuroDOCSIS 1.1
TSP
3rd
3rd
party
party
switch
switch SS7
Casema
switch V5.2
HFC
Transmission
VGW
CMTS
Network
MTA*
MTA
& Routers
AOP
+
NTU CM
POTS
(ISDN
optional)
* The MTA can be external or
embedded in the CM
Legend
Telephony signals
EuroDOCSIS
Router
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Sheet: 45
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Voice-over-NGP III
Fully VoIP architectuur
Casema and/or
Third party
Core network
Customer premises
IPCablecom
CMS
TSP
HFC Network
Euro-DOCSIS 1.1
TSP
CMS
SIP
NCS
HFC
a1
CMTS
MGW
PCM+MF sign.
SGW
SS7
Casema
switch
ANS
a2
ANC
ANP
network
AOP
+
NTU CM
MTA*
MTA
KPN
MGC
POTS
(ISDN
optional)
Legend
Telephony media flow
Telephony signalling
EuroDOCSIS
Router
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Sheet: 46
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Het iTV platform in NGP
3 mei 2002
Behandeld zal worden
1.
Mogelijkheden van het gebruik van het iTV
platform in relatie tot NGP
2. Aandachtspunten c.q. mogelijk te verwachten
problemen
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Algemeen
Twee scenario's voor transport interactieve
data:
• Via telefoonlijn dmv POTS modem in de STB:
– Via KPN
– Via MTA in het kabelmodem
• Via kabel, down- and upstream via het HFC
netwerk.
Twee verschillende stromen:
• A/V broadcast = het oversturen van het digitale
video, audio en extra programma informatie,
uitgezonden in een DVB-downstream kanaal.
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Huidige situatie: telefoon
retour via KPN
Conventionele A/V broadcast via DVB
Applicatie
server
Modem
pool
SDH
netwerk
KPN
switch
R
HFC
netwerk
TV
KPN Telefoon lijn
Interactieve data
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Sheet: 50
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Gewenste oplossing met
EuroDocsis kabel
modem
Conventionele A/V broadcast via DVB
Applicatie
server
SDH
netwerk
CMTS
HFC
netwerk
R/TV R TV
IN DATA
Ethernet
kaart
ED-CM
Interactieve data via ED 1.1
Meterkast
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Tweede optie: telefoon
retour via MTA
Conventionele A/V broadcast via DVB
Applicatie
server
Modem
pool
SDH
netwerk
CMTS
HFC
netwerk
R/TV R TV
IN DATA
ED-CM
Casema
switch/GW
Tel.
modem
MTA
Huidige
telefoon modem
Interactieve data
Meterkast
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Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 52
Version:
Gelijktijdig gebruik van
het kabelmodem
A/V broadcast
+ interactiviteit
Persoonlijke
data
Downstream
Applicatie
Service
Provider
Casema
netwerk
DVB
R/TV R TV
ED 1.1
Internet
Service
Provider
IN DATA
ED-CM
Ethernet
kaart
Upstream
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 53
Version:
Tijdskritische diensten in
iTV
On-line betalingen:
Shopping mall via DVB broadcast
Applicatie
Service
Provider
Casema
netwerk
Ik ga wat
bestellen
R/TV R TV
IN DATA
ED-CM
Ethernet
kaart
Interactieve data via ED 1.1
te laat
=
geen
afrekening
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 54
Version:
Tijdskritische diensten in
iTV _2
T-commerce:
Die beer
wil ik wel
reclame via DVB broadcast
Application
server
Casema
network
R/TV R TV
IN DATA
ED-CM
Ethernet
card
Additional
info
WWW
Interactieve data via ED 1.1
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 55
Version:
Samengevat
• iTV mogelijk in het ED NGP
– via het Internetplatform
– via het Telefonie platform
• Een aantal zaken zullen goed uitgezocht
moeten worden
– gelijktijdig gebruik PC en STB met de data
communicatie tussen verschillende SP’s
– het correct laten verlopen van tijdskritische
diensten
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 56
Version:
Verschillen DVB en ED in relatie tot iTV
Mei, 2002
Algemeen
• De DVB standaard is ontwikkeld voor digitale
audio en video broadcast waaraan later een
module is toegevoegd waarin interactiviteit
geregeld wordt. Deze standaard is hierdoor
uitermate bruikbaar voor de STB.
• DOCSIS is ontwikkeld voor de internet omgeving
maar wordt inmiddels ook gebruikt in de STB.
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 58
Version:
Verschillen in de
downstream
EuroDocsis:
• Modulatietechniek identiek aan DVB
• MPEG transport alleen mogelijk via IP over ED.
Aangezien dit zorgt voor timingproblemen is dit voor
MPEG transport geen optie.
DVB:
• Twee methoden in de downstream: Out-Of-Band
(OOB) and In-band (IB):
– OOB: QPSK modulatie met een
bandbreedte van 2 MHz met 3 Mb/s, is
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 59
Version:
Verschillen in de
upstream
EuroDocsis:
• De US modulatie kan QPSK zijn en 16 QAM. De
standaard laat data snelheden toe* van 128 kb/s tot
10 Mb/s in zeven stappen.
DVB:
• US modulatie is QPSK. Mogelijke data snelheden
zijn 256 kb/s tot 6 Mb/s in stappen van vier.
Voor beide standaarden geldt dat de toegang naar
de gedeelde US bandbreedte wordt geregeld via de
MAC protocollen. De controllers in het HE regelen
de toewijzing van de US bandbreedte, de manier
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 60
Version:
Belangrijkste punten
• DVB:
– Multimedia oplossing, bruikbaar in kabel,
satelliet en terrestrial netwerken en voor
audio/ video, internet en telefonie diensten.
– Voor broadcast van audio en video in de
downstream is DVB via Europese
regelgeving verplicht gesteld.
• EuroDocsis:
– Alleen te gebruiken in kabelnetwerk en
voor de internet en telefonie diensten. iTV
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 61
Version:
EuroDocsis
System calculations
Short calculations you must know
for EuroDocsis 1.1:
speed, capacity, CMs/CMTS, line price
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 62
Version:
CMTS
TX + RX
CM
RX+TX
Speed general
• Speed can be split up in
CM
downstream speed (DS) and
RX+TX
TX
AND
upstream speed (US)
CM
CMTS
• In US as well as in DS
RX+TX
TX + RX RX1
OR
each one channel at a time
CM
(if capacity is too low,
RX+TX
2nd channel cannot be added)
• If n is number of allowed US channels per DS channel
then the asymmetry is given by DS : (n x US)
e.g.: DS = 38 Mb/s, US = 2,5 Mb/s n = 4
the asymmetry is 38 : (4 x 2,5) = 3,8 (or 3,8 : 1)
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
TX
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
= Transmitter, RX = Receiver
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 63
Version:
Speed - bandwidth
• US: QPSK and 16QAM
16QAM in speed, two times as
efficient as QPSK but:
- network less reliable for 16QAM
- number of CM's/CMTS reduced by 50%
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
128QAM is a little less efficient technique
Gen. week: 207
by most of the CM and CMTS suppliers
Author: A.Velders
that is not supported
33%
+12% +33%
100%
but..
256QAM
Choice of speed/bandwidth ratios:
• DS: 64QAM, (128QAM) and 256QAM
PAL oriented network accepts 64QAM only
- network CNR is too low for 256QAM
- CNR increase is very expensive
16QAM
RX+TX
128QAM
CM
QPSK
TX + RX
64QAM
CMTS
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 64
Version:
Speed downstream
1 10
• Due to filtering, FEC etc. result: 38 Mb/s
UDP
37 Mb/s
TCP
10
• 64QAM gives 6 b/s/Hz (ref. 64 = 26)
so in theory:
8 MHz channel gives 8 x 6 = 48 Mb/s
4
CM
RX
34 Mb/s
CMTS
TX
effective bitrate lower (between 20..25%),
before IP handling service independent
• UDP/IP consumes approx. 1%
(streaming, telephony)
result: 37 Mb/s
• TCP/IP consumes another 10%
(webserving, E-mail)
result: 34 Mb/s
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
FEC = Forward Error Correction
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 65
Version:
Speed upstream
effective bitrate is lower (approx. 35%),
before IP handling service independent
• UDP/IP consumes approx. 5% (due to asymmetry)
(streaming, telephony)
result: 2,5 Mb/s
• TCP/IP consumes another 40% (due to asymmetry)
(web serving, E-mail)
result: 1,5 Mb/s
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
0,84
0,06
result: 2,56 Mb/s
2,5 Mb/s
• Due to filtering, FEC etc.
TCP UDP
0,84
• QPSK gives 2 b/s/Hz (ref. 4 = 22)
so in theory:
1,7 MHz channel gives 1,7x2 = 3,4 Mb/s
1,06 Mb/s
CM
TX
1,5 Mb/s
CMTS
RX
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 66
Version:
modems per CMTS
on service level
• Let say QoS = DS 256kb/s /US 64kb/s TCP
DS: 1 TX = 34 Mb/s
34 : 0,256 = 136 users
US: 4 RX = 4x1,5 Mb/s 6 : 0,064 = 100 users
For Web surfing for a concurrency of 1%,
10 000 users
could be connected to one CMTS 1 TX - RX combination
• For video conferencing DS = US = 64 kb/s UDP
DS: 1 TX = 37 Mb/s
37 : 0,064 = 600 users
US: 4 RX = 4x2,5 Mb/s 10 : 0,064 = 160 users
For video conferencing for a concurrency of 10%*,
only 1600 users
could be connected to one CMTS 1 TX - RX combination
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
* video conferencing is peer-to-peer, can use upstream and
Gen. week: 207
once started, video conferencing is occupying the channel
Author: A.Velders
downstream as well Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 67
continuously
Version:
modems per CMTS
on network level
In US a modem produces a signal + spurious
(Spurious is unwanted disturbing signal residue)
1 Supplier guarantees for a CM
a minimum signal-spurious ratio (SSR)
(in the standard: -72 dBc per modem)
modem quant.
512
400
316
256
200
160
128
100
30 32 34 36 38 40
[dB]
2 QPSK needs at least 22 dB SSR to
operate reliantly
3 Network path loss asymmetry reduces with 15 dB*
4 Maximum modems/CMTS receiver is:
72 - 22 - 15 = 35 dB is approximately 200 CMs/RX (see curve)
Asymmetry reduction helps: 72 - 22 - 9 = 41 dB is approx. 500 CMs/RX
5 Each doubling of modems reduces SSR with 4,5 dB
So, for e.g. 256 modems (is 28) reduction is 8 x 4,5 = 36 dB
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt * 15 dB is a typical Casema network value.
Gen. week: 207
With new (switchable) multi-taps it could be
Author: A.Velders
less
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 68
Version:
Summary
TX
CM1
RX1
CMn
CMTS RX2
HFC network
RX3
CM1
RX4
CMn
Conclusion (this example):
RX1
PHY: 200 max
ADDR: e.g. 800
Serv: between
1600 and 10 000
RX3
PHY: 200 max
ADDR: e.g. 800
Serv: between
1600 and 10 000
PHY is the restricting factor for the time being
max. 4 x 200 = 800 modems
Many parameters can be changed but the
maximum of 200/RX card is difficult to exceed
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 69
Version:
Line price EuroDOCSIS only
(example, simplified)
Network management
L2/3 sw+edge router 25%
CMTS+SW+install.+maint.
Line card (1DS+4US)
Cable Modem
Provisioning costs
Total/subscriber [EUR]
costs
/entity
TX-cards
/CMTS
CM's
/TX-card
price
/CM
40000
82000
350000
25000
72
16000
9
9
9
9
800
800
800
800
800
5,6
11,4
48,6
31,3
72,0
2,2
171,0
Calculation (example) as used for the comparison between ED-vendors
Modems are needed for each subscriber
Line cards (in the CMTS) can be divided by 800 (4 US/card x 200 CMs/US)
Central costs for all connections can be divided by 9
(9 line cards can be inserted in one CMTS)
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
only
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
the costs of new ED equipment is incorporated
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 70
Version:
Line price for business plan
(example, simplified)
(blue is added fo r netwo rk upgrade)
Network management
L2/3 sw+edge router 25%
CMTS+SW+install.+maint.
Line card (1DS+4US)
CMTS-DC-SC (DWDM)
Coax net upgrade (SNP)
AOP + NTU
Cable Modem
Installation costs
Provisioning costs
Total/subscriber [EUR]
costs line cards
/entity
/CMTS
40000
82000
350000
25000
800000
80000
55
72
50
16000
9
9
9
9
9
CM's
/TX-card
price
/CM
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
5,6
11,4
48,6
31,3
111,1
100,0
55,0
72,0
50,0
2,2
487,1
Case for e.g. Utrecht. For The Hague some investments are carried out already.
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
only
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
the costs of new equipment and modifications are incorporated
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 71
Version:
Conclusions
• Line-price increase not for internet only.
If telephony and interactive TV can use
the same platform, the line-price increase
of EUR 487 is an investment for all these services.
• Why so much?
– CATV was designed for connecting one R/TV only
– Network quality increase was always used for
capacity increase
– Lot of investments were postponed until now (SNP)
• But there is a moment that limits are reached
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 72
Version:
EuroDocsis
and TPA
Third Party Access
The consequences and some
special issues (SI and SP)
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 73
Version:
Is TPA for internet only?
modem, or modem/ SP
• On the IP platform, TPA is a All over one
Who delivers the modem?
Who owns the modem?
hot issue at the moment but:
Who cares…?
CM
• It was already an issue years a go
CM
Tel
nd
for telephony as well (2 operators)
Tel
STB
• It was already an issue years ago on
STB
pay-TV (Channel+). This will become
more important with introduction of interactive TV
• Today we study TPA for the IP platform since the
government presses us to open our network for
other SP's (third parties).
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
SP is generic name for Service Provider
ISP is specific Provider for Internet-Services
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 74
Version:
Casema only?
• Casema is studying TPA for internal knowledge
improvement
• Casema is working together with Essent and UPC
to get common sense and to get one standpoint in
the direction of the government.
• Projectname: ShAP (Shared Access Project)
splitted in WG technology and WG business.
Casema will commit to the result of ShAP study.
• TPA for EuroDocsis only because of step-to-ED
policy and uniform SLA for all ISP's
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Internal TPA group: Fred v. Let, Maria Klessens
Gen. week: 207
ShAP: Fred van Let, Hans Velders, ...
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 75
Version:
TPA dualism
• Cable Network Provider
Business group sets conditions
(CNP) is leading, tries to • Sets up Business plans
• Select business model that can
set the Standard for the
work with Techn. group conditions
SLA once and for all.
• Makes SLA between CNP and ISP
• Internet Service Provider
(ISP) must feel happy
with such SLA
Technical group sets conditions
• Physical parameters (NTU)
• Government (OPTA)
• IP platform parameters (MPLS)
must accept construction • NMS, AAA, SI, SP
• Eliminate all impossible models
PPT: C00-introduction.pptNMS = Network Management System
Gen. week: 207
AAA = Authentication, Authorization, Accounting
Author: A.Velders
SP = Self Provisioning
SI = Self Installation
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 76
Version:
Trouble ticketing
(example: ISP responsible)
Begin
(subscr. initiative)
Begin
(ISP initiative)
ISP's activity
CNP's activity
Users' activity
Subscriber with
problem calls ISP
ISP finds
problem
is it
subscriber's
fault?
is it CNP's
fault?
YES
ISP helps to
solve problem
YES
NO
Is
subscriber
satisfied
?
Subscriber
solves problem
NO
ISP calls subscriber
to verify resolution
ISP corrects
the problem
YES
is
ticket open for
this problem
?
ISP closes both ISP
and CNP tickets
ISP diagnoses
problem
NO
Goals:
• less red
• more green
End
ISP opens ISP
trouble ticket
NO
ISP opens
ticket with CNP
NO
YES
Problem
found?
YES
ISP calls subscriber
to verify resolution
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
CNP corrects problem
& marks ticket resolved
ISP attempts to verify
correct operation
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 77
Version:
Self provisioning
(example)
Begin
ISP's activity
CNP's activity
Users' activity
Others
Subscriber buys
CNP certified CM
Subscr. gets ISP
connectivity set
ISP closes
initiation ticket
End
Subscr. conducts
CM's self installation
Does
everything
work?
YES
ISP handles
trouble ticket
YES
NO
Is
subscriber
satisfied
?
NO
Goals:
• less red
• more green
• more blue
Subscriber solves
problem via retail
Subscriber sends
RFSC to ISP
ISP stores all
subscr.information
ISP opens
initiation ticket
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
ISP sends RFSC
+ INITICK to CNP
CNP opens
subscr. account
RFSC = Request for Subscription and Class of Service
UCAP = Username, CoS Acknowledge and Password
ISP sends UCAP
to subscriber
YES
CNP handles
trouble ticket
ISP opens
subscr. account
is predefined
procedure
CNP send Ack
back to ISP
CNP stores all
subscr.information
NO
Is
everything
OK?
CNP sets up
interconn. & CoS
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 78
Version:
Self Installation
Amplifiers,
splitters and
long cable
not possible.
0,14
Effects from splitter, cable and amplifier on TV input level
too low
0,12
OK
too h
existing 1TV
10m to TV
0,10
ampl. to TV
0,08
splitter 10m
0,06
Err
0,04
0,02
0,00
45
Passive NTU
seldom possible
Active NTU with
adjustment good
in all cases.
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
0,14
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
TV input [dBuV]
Effects from splitter, passive and active NTU on modem input
existing 1TV
0,12
splitter 10m
0,10
passive NTU
0,08
pasNTU 20m
0,06
active NTU
0,04
actNTU 20m
0,02
Err
0,00
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85 Modem input [dBuV]
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 79
Version:
Existing market developments
(becoming more important with TPA introduction)
• PC with Windows: increasing number of versions
W95, W98, ME, SE, 2000, XP… (mainly NL also UK versions)
• Desktop with PCI slots but also laptops with PCMCIA
(UPC was pressed to deliver PCMCIA Ethernet cards on request recently)
• Increasing number of Linux servers/firewalls at home
(in particular in the heavy user area.)
• Linux, Apple are still interesting market areas
• Modem trends to location near the CATV system
outlet due to need to connect TV, radio, PC and
telephones in all rooms of the house.
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 80
Version:
Summary
• Third Party Access asks for a very good
co-operation between CNP and ISP.
• Self provisioning is seldom a problem but a
good scenario must be chosen.
• Self installation is a Capex problem. Is it
possible to ask the retailer with (its
connections to installers) to control correct
installation and to keep the installation
costs separated from our line price.
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 81
Version:
Comparison of Euro-DOCSIS
Vendors
Cursus voor niet-technici
3 Mei 2002
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 82
Version:
Short List RFQ NGP
• In December 2001:
Casema selected 3 vendors of NGP equipment
(Euro-DOCSIS and IPCablecom devices)
• Euro-DOCSIS testing (Okt/Nov 2001):
Two vendors have been tested earlier in Casema’s lab
Third vendor has been tested earlier in FTC’s lab
• IPCablecom equipment (Feb 2002):
All 3 vendors have been tested by Casema at vendors’
premises
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 83
Version:
Vendor Comparison
Price
Vendor equipment had been compared on investments for a
specific Casema case study (Den Haag, V’burg + Z’meer)
•Vendor1:
– Network price per subscriber for “Internet only”:
1 unit
•Vendor2:
– Network price per subscriber for “Internet only”:
1,3 units
•Vendor3:
– Network price per subscriber for “Internet only”:
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
1 unit
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 84
Version:
CMTS Comparison
Physical 7ft / 19“ rack mounted
• CMTS1:
–
–
–
–
12 slots for RF line cards and network side interfaces
1x4 RF line card with 1 downstream and 4 upstream
Total port capacity per rack: 36 DS & 144 US*
Roadmap:
2x8 and 3x12 RF line cards
• CMTS2:
–
–
–
–
4 slots for RF line cards and 2 slots for network side interfaces
1x6 RF line card with 1 downstream and 6 upstream
Total port capacity per rack: 16 DS & 96 US*
Roadmap:
2x8 RF line cards (5x20 for bigger chassis)
• CMTS3:
–
–
–
–
14 slots for RF line cards and network side interfaces
1x4 RF line card with 1 downstream and 4 upstream
Total port capacity per rack: 42 DS & 168 US*
Roadmap:
2x8 and 4x32 RF line cards
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
* For comparison Com21: 3 DS & 21 US
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 85
Version:
CMTS Comparison
Data throughput
• CMTS1:
– Downstream, 8 MHz, 64QAM:
– Upstream, 1,6 MHz, QPSK:
– Forwarding capacity:
max. 38 Mbps (measured)
max. 1,3 Mbps (measured)
30 Mpps (theoretical)
• CMTS2:
– Downstream, 8 MHz, 64QAM:
– Upstream, 1,6 MHz, QPSK:
– Forwarding capacity:
max. 38 Mbps (measured)
max. 1,7 Mbps (measured)
2,4 Mpps (theoretical)
• CMTS3:
– Downstream, 8 MHz, 64QAM:
– Upstream, 1,6 MHz, QPSK:
– Forwarding capacity:
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
(measured at FTC’s lab)
(measured at FTC’s lab)
42 Mpps (theoretical)
Mbps = Mega bits per second
Mpps = Mega packets per second
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 86
Version:
CMTS Comparison:
Network Side Interfaces
• CMTS1:
– Octal 10/100BaseT, GbEth, POS STM-1/4
• CMTS2:
– Single 10/100BaseT, GbEth, POS STM-1/4, ATM OC-3
• CMTS3:
– Octal 10/100BaseT, GbEth, POS STM-1/4
ATM
advantages
- Low implementation costs
- In-band transport of NM information
disadvantage - Data capacity limited for future
- Alternative cheaper Interfaces
NM = Network Management
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
POS = Packet over Sonet (SDH)
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 87
Version:
CMTS Comparison:
Third Party Access
Third Party Acess has lots of flavours
For dynamic service and ISP selection per CPE:
•CMTS1:
– For now TPA only possible using a service selection gateway
– Later MPLS VPN interface card enables more TPA features
•CMTS2:
– TPA possible by using MPLS VPN technology and advanced OSS.
•CMTS3:
– For now TPA only possible using a service selection gateway
– Later MPLS VPN interface card enables more TPA features
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 88
Version:
CMTS Comparison
Legal Interception
• CMTS1:
– Legal Interception only possible using a Protocol Analyser card
(with certain limitations: monitoring of only ONE RF line card per Protocol Analyser card!)
• CMTS2:
– Legal Interception possible by setting a tap within CMTS2
• CMTS3:
– Legal Interception possible by setting a tap within CMTS3
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 89
Version:
Conclusion
• Many factors (financial, service, technical, time-to-market)
have an impact on the equipment selection
• Comparison of equipment is not always straightforward
because of many hidden pitfalls
• Every vendor has strong and weak points
depending on service (Internet, Telephony, …. )
PPT: C00-introduction.ppt
Gen. week: 207
Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01
Sheet: 90
Version: