Drawing Basic Shapes
Sacramento City College
EDT 310
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
1
Objectives
 Draw
 the
circles
CIRCLE command
 Use
the @ symbol function
 Draw arcs –
 the
 Draw
 the
ARC command
ellipses and elliptical arcs
ELLIPSE command.
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
2
Objectives
 Draw
 the
 Draw
 the
polygons –
POLYGON Command
rectangles
RECTANGLE Command
 Draw doughnuts
 the DONUT Command
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Circles
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Circles
 The
CIRCLE command:
 Enter
C or CIRCLE at the Command: prompt
 OR
 Pick
the Circle button in the Draw toolbar
 OR
 Select
Circle from the Draw pull-down menu
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Circles
A
circle can be drawn by:
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
 5.
 6.
Radius.
Diameter.
Two point.
Three point.
Tangent to two objects.
Tangent to three objects.
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Circles By Radius
 The
radius
 is
the distance from the center to the
circumference of a circle or arc.
Circumference
Radius
 The
circumference is the perimeter or
distance around the circle
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Circles By Radius
 Method
 To
#1 – By Radius
draw a circle by specifying radius:
 Pick
center point.
 Specify radius with mouse.
 The
radius value chosen becomes the default
setting for the next time you use the CIRCLE
command.
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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The CIRCLERAD System Variable
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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The CIRCLERAD System Variable
 Use
the CIRCLERAD variable to set a
radius default.
 You
size.
can then draw circles of the exact same
 Circle,
pick center, [Enter]
 CIRCLERAD
variable is automatically reset
every time you draw a circle.
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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The CIRCLERAD System Variable
 When
the CIRCLERAD variable is set:
 Pick
the circle center point.
 Press [Enter].
 Circle is drawn with radius = CIRCLERAD
 Size
of circle comes from value of CIRCLERAD
 Set
CIRCLERAD to 0 if you don’t want a
default value for a circle
 OR
 Pick
new radius with mouse.
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EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Circles
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Circles By Diameter
 Method
#2 – By Diameter
A
circle can also be drawn by specifying the
diameter.
 Command:
C or CIRCLE
 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: (pick the center point)
 Diameter/<Radius>: D
 Diameter: (Drag the circle to the desired diameter)
 Command:
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Circles By Diameter
 Watch
the screen carefully.
 The pointer measures the diameter but the
circle passes midway between the center and
the cursor.
 See Fig. 5-4.
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EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Circles By Diameter
 If
you use the Diameter option,
 the
previous default radius setting is
converted to a diameter.
 If
you use the Radius option,
 the
previous Diameter option is converted to
a radius.
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing a Two Point Circle
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing A Two Point Circle
 Method
#3 – By Two Points
A
circle can be drawn by specifying two
points.
 Pick two points on opposite sides of the circle.
 Use
when diameter is known, but the center
is difficult to find.
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EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing A Three Point Circle
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing A Three Point Circle
 Method
#4 – By Three Points on Circle
A
circle can be drawn by picking three points
on the circumference of the circle.
 Use when three points on the circumference
of the circle are known.
 AutoCAD
calculates the radius from the three
points picked.
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Point #2
Point #1
Point #3 – not yet selected
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing a Circle Tangent to Two
Objects
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Circle Tangent To Two Objects
 Method
#5 – Tangent to 2 Objects at a
given radius (TTR)
 The
term tangent refers to a line, circle or arc
that comes into contact with an arc or circle
at only one point.
 That
point is the point of tangency.
A
line drawn from the circle’s center to the
point of tangency is perpendicular to the
tangent line.
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Circle Tangent To Two Objects
 Point
of Tangency
 Is
an extremely important geometric
relationship.
 Is used in engineering/architecture
 Examples
 Constructing
an exit ramp on freeway.
 Determining the start/end point of a curve on an
object.
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Point of Tangency
Point of Tangency
Line forms a
Right Angle at
the Point of
Tangency
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Circle Tangent To Two Objects
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Circle Tangent To Two Objects
 Method
#5 – Tangent to 2 Objects at a
given radius (TTR)
 The
Tan, Tan, Radius (TTR ) option is used to
 Draw a circle tangent to two objects and
 To a specific radius.
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Circle Tangent To Two Objects
 Command:
C or CIRCLE
 3P/2P/TTR/<Center
point>: TTR
 Enter
Tangent spec: (pick first item)
 Enter second Tangent spec: (pick second
item)
 Radius
<current>: (type a radius value, press
[Enter])
 Command:
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Circle Tangent To Two Objects
 If
the radius entered is too small,
AutoCAD gives you the message:
 “Circle
does not exist.”
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Drawing a Circle Tangent to Three
Objects
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Circle Tangent To Three Objects
 Method
(TTT)
#6 – Tangent to Three Objects
 The
Tan, Tan, Tan option allows you to draw
a circle tangent to three existing objects.
 Command:
C or CIRCLE
 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: 3P
 First point: TAN
 Second point: TAN
 Third point: TAN
 Command:
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Circle Tangent To Three Objects
 You
will see a deferred tangent marker when
you select the first two objects.
A
deferred tangent marker means AutoCAD is
aware that you have chosen those objects,
but it must wait for additional input before the
circle can be drawn.
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EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Using the @ Symbol
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Using the @ Symbol
 The
@ symbol has 3 Functions
 1.
To draw with relative and polar
coordinates.
 2. To enter the “@” sign.
 3. To input the coordinates last entered
(recall LASTPOINT system variable)
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Using the @ Symbol
 Suppose
you want to draw a circle with a
center at the end of the line just drawn.
 The
LASTPOINT system variable is set to the
x,y coordinate of the end of the line.
 Execute
 Enter
point.
the CIRCLE command, but
the @ symbol when asked for a center
 The
center point will be located at the
endpoint of the line just drawn.
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Using the @ Symbol
LASTPOINT system variable is
set to this X, Y value with the mouse click
The LASTPOINT system variable can then
be used as the center of the circle by
recalling that X,Y value with the @ symbol
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Using the @ Symbol
 The
@ symbol automatically recalls the
last coordinates as the center of the circle.
 The
@ symbol retrieves the LASTPOINT
system variable value.
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Using the @ Symbol
 The
LASTPOINT value is the last X,Y
coordinate set clicked with the mouse
when asked for graphic x,y input.
 Each
time you make a pick with the
mouse, the LASTPOINT system variable is
reset.
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Using the @ Symbol #2
 Another
application of the @ symbol is to
draw concentric circles.
 Execute
the CIRCLE command and draw
the first circle.
 Execute
the CIRCLE command again, and
enter the @ symbol when asked for the
center point.
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Arcs
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Arcs
 An
Arc
 Is
any part of a circle or curve.
 Is dimensioned with a radius.
 Can be drawn a number of different ways.
 Eleven
options (!) are available for
drawing arcs.
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Drawing Arcs
 Many
ways to draw arcs
 Three
point Arc.
 Start, Center, End.
 Start, Center, Angle.
 Start, Center, Length.
 Start, End, Angle.
 Start, End, Radius.
 Start, End, Direction.
 Center, Start, End.
 Center, Start, Angle.
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Drawing Arcs
 Center,
Start Length of chord.
 Continuing Arcs from previously drawn
lines/arcs.
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Drawing Arcs
 Three-point
arc. Specify
 Start
point
 Second point along the arc
 The endpoint.
 An
Arc can be drawn
 Clockwise
 OR
 Counterclockwise
 Is
dragged into position as the endpoint is
located.
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Drawing Arcs
 Three-point
 Command:
arc
A or ARC
 Center/<Start
on the arc)
point>: (select the first point
 Center/End/<Second
point>: (select the
second point on the arc)
 End point: (select the arc’s endpoint)
 Command:
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Drawing Arcs
 Start,
Center, End option
 Use
this option if you know the start, center,
and endpoints
 Picking the start and center points establishes
the arc’s radius
 The point selected for the endpoint
determines the arc length
 The selected endpoint does not have to be on
the radius of the arc
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Drawing Arcs
 Start,
Center, End option
 Command:
A or ARC
 Center/<Start
on the arc)
point>: (select the first point
 Center/End/<Second
 Center:
point>: C
(select the arc’s center)
 Angle/Length
of chord/<End point>: (select
the arc endpoint)
 Command:
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Drawing Arcs
 Start,
Center, Angle option
 When
the arc’s included angle is known, this
may be the best choice
 The included angle is the angle formed
between the center, start, and endpoints of
the arc
 The arc is drawn counterclockwise unless a
negative angle is specified
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Drawing Arcs
 Start,
Center, Angle option
 Command:
A or ARC
 Center/<Start
on the arc)
point>: (select the first point
 Center/End/<Second
 Center:
point>: C
(select the arc center point)
 Angle/Length
of chord/<End point>: A
 Included angle: 45
 Command:
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Drawing Arcs
 Start,
Center, Length option
 Standard
chord lengths are specified in the
chord length table (Appendix I)
 Arcs are drawn counterclockwise
 A positive chord length gives the smallest
possible arc with that length
 A negative chord length gives the largest
possible arc
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Drawing Arcs
 Start,
Center, Length option
 Command:
A or ARC
 Center/<Start
on the arc)
point>: (select the first point
 Center/End/<Second
 Center:
point>: C
(select the arc center point)
 Angle/Length
of chord/<End point>: L
 Length of chord: (enter the length of the
chord)
 Command:
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Drawing Arcs
 Start,
End, Angle option
 An
arc can be drawn by picking the start
point, endpoint, and entering the included
angle
 A positive included angle draws the arc
counterclockwise
 A negative included angle draws the arc
clockwise
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Drawing Arcs
 Start,
End, Angle option
 Command:
A or ARC
 Center/<Start
on the arc)
point>: (select the first point
 Center/End/<Second
point>: E
 End
point: (select the arc end point)
 Angle/Direction/Radius/<Center point>: L
 Included angle:
 Command:
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Arcs
 Start,
End, Radius option
A
positive radius value results in the smallest
possible arc between the start and end points
 A negative radius gives the largest arc
possible
 Arcs can only be drawn counterclockwise with
this option
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Drawing Arcs
 Start,
End, Radius option
 Command:
A or ARC
 Center/<Start
on the arc)
point>: (select the first point
 Center/End/<Second
point>: E
 End
point: (select the arc end point)
 Angle/Direction/Radius/<Center point>: R
 Radius:
 Command:
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Drawing Arcs
 Start,
End, Direction option
 Enter
start point, end point and direction of
rotation in degrees
 The distance between the points and the
number of degrees determines the arc’s
location and size
 The arc is started tangent to the direction
specified
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Drawing Arcs
 Start,
End, Direction option
 Command:
A or ARC
 Center/<Start
on the arc)
point>: (select the first point
 Center/End/<Second
point>: E
 End
point: (select the arc end point)
 Angle/Direction/Radius/<Center point>: D
 Direction from start point:
 Command:
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Drawing Arcs
 Center,
Start, End option
 This
option is a variation of the Start, Center,
End option
 Use this option when it is easier to begin by
locating the center
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Drawing Arcs
 Center,
Start, End option
 Command:
A or ARC
 Center/<Start
on the arc)
point>: (select the first point
 Center/End/<Second
point>: C
 Start
point: (select the arc center point)
 Angle/Length of chord/<End point>:
 Command:
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Arcs
 Center,
Start, Angle option
 This
option is a variation of the Start, Center,
Angle option
 Use this option when it is easier to begin by
locating the center
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Arcs
 Center,
Start, Angle option
 Command:
A or ARC
 Center/<Start
on the arc)
point>: (select the first point
 Center/End/<Second
point>: C
 Center:
(select the arc center point)
 Start point: (pick the start point)
 Angle/Length
of chord/<End point>: A
 Command:
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Arcs
 Center,
Start, Length of chord option
 This
option is a variation of the Start, Center,
Length option
 Use when it is easier to begin by locating the
center
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Arcs
 Center,
Start, Length of chord option
 Command:
A or ARC
 Center/<Start
on the arc)
point>: (select the first point
 Center/End/<Second
point>: C
 Center:
(select the arc center point)
 Start point: (pick the start point)
 Angle/Length
of chord/<End point>: L
 Length of chord: (pick or type the chord
length)
 Command:
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Arcs
 Continue
arc.
arc from previously drawn line or
 Pick
Draw, Arc, Continue from the pull-down
menu
 When a series of arcs are drawn in this
manner, each consecutive arc is tangent
 The start points and endpoints are taken from
the endpoint and direction of the previous
arc.
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Drawing Arcs
 Continue
arc.
arc from previously drawn line or
 The
Continue option can be used to quickly
draw an arc tangent to the endpoint of a
previously drawn line.
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Ellipses
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Ellipses
 When
a circle is viewed at an angle, an
elliptical shape is seen.
 A 30o ellipse is created if a circle is rotated
60o from the line of sight.
 Ellipses have a center, and major and
minor axes.
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Ellipses
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Ellipses-Axis, Endpoint Option
 Axis,
Endpoint option
 Pick
the first axis and one endpoint of the
second axis.
 The first axis may be either the major or
minor axis, depending on what is entered for
the second axis.
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Drawing Ellipses-Axis, Endpoint Option
 Axis,
Endpoint option
 The
longer of the two axes is always the
major axis.
 After you pick the first axis, the ellipse is
dragged by the cursor.
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Drawing Ellipses-Axis, Endpoint Option
 Axis,
Endpoint option
 Command:
EL or ELLIPSE
 Arc/Center/<Axis
endpoint)
 Axis
endpoint 1>: (select an axis
endpoint 2/<Second point>: (select the
other endpoint of the axis)
 <Other
axis distance>/Rotation: (select a
distance from the midpoint of the first axis to
the end of the second axis and press [Enter])
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Drawing Ellipses-Axis, Endpoint Option
 Axis,
Endpoint option
 If
you respond with an “R”, AutoCAD assumes
you have selected the major axis with the first
two points
 The next prompt requests the angle that the
ellipse is rotated from the line of sight
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Drawing Ellipses-Axis, Endpoint Option
 Axis,
Endpoint option
 Arc/Center/<Axis
endpoint 1>: (select a
major axis endpoint)
 Axis endpoint 2: (select the other endpoint of
the major axis)
 <Other axis distance>/Rotation: R
 Rotation around major axis: (type a rotation
angle)
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Drawing Ellipses Center Option
 Axis,
Endpoint, Center option
 An
ellipse can also be constructed by
specifying the center point and one endpoint
for each of the two axes
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Drawing Ellipses Center Option
 Axis,
Endpoint, Center option
 Command:
EL or ELLIPSE
 Arc/Center/<Axis
 Center
point)
 Axis
endpoint 1>: C
of ellipse: (select the ellipse center
endpoint: (select the endpoint of one
axis)
 The rotation option can be used instead of
specifying the second axis endpoint
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Drawing Ellipses Center Option
 Axis,
Endpoint, Center option
 Arc/Center/<Axis
 Center
point)
 Axis
axis)
endpoint 1>: C
of ellipse: (select the ellipse center
endpoint: (select the endpoint of one
 Rotation
angle)
around major axis: (type a rotation
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Drawing Elliptical Arcs
 Parameter
option
 Included option
 Rotating an Ellipse around its axis
 Drawing an elliptical arc using the Center
option
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Drawing Regular Polygons
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Drawing Regular Polygons
A
regular polygon is any closed-plane
geometric figure with three or more equal
sides and equal angles.
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Drawing Regular Polygons
 To
draw a regular polygon.
 Pick
Draw, Polygon
 Pick Polygon from the Draw toolbar
 Enter POL or POLYGON at Command: prompt
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Drawing Regular Polygons
 You
are prompted for the number of sides
 The
number you enter becomes the default
for the next time you use the POLYGON
command.
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Drawing Regular Polygons
 AutoCAD
then asks for the edge or center of
the polygon
 Picking a point on the screen becomes the
center.
 You
are then asked if you want the polygon
inscribed within, or circumscribed about an
imaginary circle.
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Drawing Regular Polygons
A
polygon is inscribed when it is drawn
inside a circle and its corners touch the
circle.
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Drawing Regular Polygons
 Circumscribed
polygons are drawn outside
of a circle where the sides of the polygon
are tangent to the circle.
 You
specify the radius of the circle with
the mouse.
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EDT 310 - Chapter 5
92
Drawing Polygons
 Command:
POL or POLYGON
 Number
of sides <current>: 8
 Edge/<Center of polygon>: (pick center of
polygon)
 Inscribed
in circle/Circumscribed about circle
(I/C): (respond with I or C and press [Enter])
 Radius of circle : (type a radius or pick point
on screen)
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Drawing Polygons
 Command:
 The
“I” or “C” become the default for the next
polygon
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Drawing Polygons - Hexagons
 Bolt
heads and nuts on mechanical
drawings are commonly drawn as
hexagons and are normally dimensioned
across the flats.
 Draw
bolt and nut polygons with
circumscribe.
 The
radius you enter is equal to 1/2 the
distance across the flats.
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The RECTANGLE Command
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Drawing Rectangles
 Rectangles
can easily be drawn with the
RECTANGLE command.
 Pick
first corner of rectangle.
 Pick second corner of rectangle.
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Drawing Rectangles
 Command:
REC or RECTANG
 Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width<Firs
t corner>: (select the first corner)
 Other corner : (select the second corner)
 Command:
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Drawing Rectangles
 Rectangles
are polylines and can be edited
with the PEDIT command.
 We
will learn the PEDIT command later.
A
rectangle, since it is a polyline is treated
as one entity until it is exploded.
 We
will learn EXPLODE later.
 After
it is exploded, the individual sides can
be edited separately.
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Drawing Rectangles
 Drawing
Rectangles with Line width
 The
Width option is used to adjust the wide of
the rectangle in the X-Y plane.
 Setting width for rectangles is similar to
setting width for polylines
 Command: REC or RECTANG
 Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width<Firs
t corner>: W
 Width for rectangles <current> : .03
 Command:
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Drawing Rectangles
 Drawing
A
chamfered rectangles
chamfer is an angled corner on an object.
 To
draw chamfers on a rectangle use the
Chamfer option.
 After
you select the Chamfer option, you must
provide the chamfer distances.
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Drawing Rectangles
 Command:
REC or RECTANG
 Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width<Firs
t corner>: C
 First chamfer distance for rectangles
<current> :
 Second chamfer distance for rectangles
<current> :
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Drawing Rectangles
 Drawing
chamfered rectangles
 After
setting the chamfer distances, you can
draw the rectangle.
 The default values for the chamfer, are the
values used to draw the previous rectangle
 A new value entered for the first distance
does not become the default for the second
distance.
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Drawing Rectangles
 Drawing
filleted rectangles
A
fillet is a slightly rounded corner on an
object.
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Drawing Rectangles
 Command:
REC or RECTANG
 Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width<Firs
t corner>: F
 Fillet radius for rectangles <current>: (enter
a fillet radius or press [Enter] to accept the
default
 Command:
 The
default values for the radius, is the
value used to draw the previous rectangle
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EDT 310 - Chapter 5
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Drawing Rectangles
 Additional
RECTANG options
 Elevation
- This option sets the elevation of
the rectangle along the Z axis.
 The
default is 0
 Thickness
- This option give the rectangle
depth along the Z axis (into the screen).
 The
default is 0
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109
The DOUGHNUT Command
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
110
Drawing Doughnuts
 Doughnuts
drawn in AutoCAD are actually
circular polylines.
 The
DONUT command allows to you draw
a thick circle
 It
can have any inside and outside diameter
or be completely filled.
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111
Drawing Doughnuts
 To
draw a Doughnut
 Enter
DO, DONUT or DOUGHTNUT at the
Command: prompt
 OR
 Select
 Enter
Draw, Donut from the pull-down menu
the inner and outer diameters.
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112
Drawing Doughnuts
 Command:
DO or DONUT or DOUGHNUT
 Inside diameter <current>: (specify a new
inside diameter, or press [Enter] to accept the
current value).
 Outside diameter <current>: (specify a new
outside diameter, or press [Enter] to accept
the current value)).
 Center of doughnut: (select the doughnut
center point) or press [Enter] to discontinue
the command).
EDT 310 - Chapter 5
113
Drawing Doughnuts
 The
current diameter settings are shown
in brackets.
 Enter new diameters, or press the [Enter]
key to keep the current value.
A
“0” inside diameter the produces a solid
circle.
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114
Drawing Doughnuts
 After
selecting the center point, the doughnut
appears on the screen.
 You may pick another center point to draw
the same size doughnut in a new location
 The DONUT command remains active until
you press [Enter] or cancel by pressing [Esc]
 When
the FILL mode is turned off,
doughnuts appear as segmented circles or
concentric circles
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EDT 310 - Chapter 5
116
Drawing Doughnuts
 FILL
can be used transparently
 Enter
‘FILL wile inside the DONUT command
 Enter ON or OFF as needed.
 The fill in previously drawn doughnuts remain
on until the drawing is regenerated
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EDT 310 - Chapter 5
118
Presetting the Doughnut Options
 DONUT
options can be preset
 Inside
and outside diameters can have
defaults.
 This saves time when you plan to draw only
doughnuts with a given inside and outside
diameter.
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119
Presetting the Doughnut Options
 To
set default inside and outside
diameter:
 Use
the DONUTID and DONUTOD system
system variables.
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120
Presetting the Doughnut Options
 DONUTID
 variable
can be any value, including 0
 DONUTOD
 must
be non-zero
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121
Presetting the Doughnut Options
 If
DONUTID is larger than DONUTOD, the
two values are reversed by the next
DONUT command.
 To
set these variables, type the variable name
at the Command: prompt, enter the desired
setting and press [Enter]
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