數位信號處理器簡介
What is DSP ?
• Digital signal processing is concerned with the representation of
signals by sequences of numbers, and the transformation or
processing of such signal representations by numerical
computation procedures.
Linear Time-Invariant System
x(t)
A/D
x(n)
Transfer Function
M
 b(k )  z k
Y ( z)
H ( z) 
 k 0
N
X ( z)
1  a(k )  z k
k 1
Linear System
H(z)
h(n)
y(n)
D/A
y(t)
Difference Equation
N
M
y(n)    a(k )  y(n  k )   b(k )  x(m  k )
k 1
k 0
Sampling Theorem
• Aliasing does not occur when the sampling
frequency (1/T) is greater than or equal to twice the
highest frequency component in the waveform being
sampled.
Example
Human speech at approximately 4kHZ
requires at least an 8kHZ sampling frequency
• A lowpass filter required to limit the signal bandwidth
before the sampling performed by the A/D.
全球一般用途DSP應用分析
The Internet Future ... Enabled by DSP
Complete
DSP Solutions
Internet
Audio
Player
The Way We Play...
PDA
Digital Camera
Cellular Phone
You Are All Equipped With DSP
GPS
DSP Solutions
Complete
The Way We Live...
Residential Gateway
HomeRF
HomePNA Security System
Digital TV
USB
Cable
Inverter
Washer
Base Station
Cable Modem / STB 1394
Ethernet
Phone line
DVD
I-phone
Digital
Audio
xDSL
Bluetooth
Wireless PC
Phone
Automotive Systems
Digital
Speaker
Inverter
Inverter
Refrigerator Air Condition
Cost of DSP Hardware vs. Software
% of Product Engineering
Development $
Development challenges:
HW $
80%
SW $
20%
• Shrinking time-to-market
windows
• Tedious and repetitive
algorithm integration
• Time-intensive debug for
real-time applications
• Multiple, differentiated
tasks running on single
DSP
• Real-time processing
demands
Time
Source: Embedded Systems Programming
“80% of your development effort is software”
– Embedded Systems Programming Magazine
TMS320™ DSP Platforms Achieve
Unequivocal Leadership
最佳的,不是折中的
TMS320C2000™
TMS320C5000™
世界上針對控制最佳化
的DSPs
世界上最低功率 / MIPS
的DSPs
TMS320C6000™
世界上最高效能的DSPs
DSP Solutions
Complete
TMS320C2000TM DSP Platform
Hi-End
Uni-processor
Control
C28x
400 MIPS
Performance
C27x
Mass Storage
Optimized cDSP
C2402
30 MIPS
C2406
30 MIPS
C2404
30 MIPS
F243
F240
C240
20
MIPS
20
MIPS
20 MIPS
F241
C242
20 MIPS
20 MIPS
C2407
30 MIPS
Low Power
DMC Optimized
Time
DSP Solutions
Complete
TMS320C5000TM DSP Platform
DSP Solutions
Complete
TMS320C6000TM DSP Platform
Digital Signal Processing
TMS320C54x/C55x
Audio Application
Digital Cellular phone
What Are DSP Chips
• 具備快速運算能力的微處理器
• 在嵌入式系統中扮演資訊處理及運算的角色
–數位濾波(filtering)及適應濾波(adaptive filtering)
–影像語音壓縮(compression)及解壓縮(decompression)
–語音辨識(speech recognition)
–迴音消除(echo cancellation)
–編碼/解碼(coding/decoding)
–語音及音樂合成(speech and music synthesis)
–數位控制(digital control)
• 頻寬及成本
Features of DSP Chips
•基本功能
–內建乘法器(Multiplier)
–單一指令週期
–多條內部匯流排
–特殊之位址解碼模式
–零負擔(zero overhead)之迴圈計算
–大量的I/O界面
Features of DSP Chips
•先進功能
–並行多處理器結構
–內建快閃記憶体(flash memory)
–內建數值運算表
–內建常用之DSP運算法則
–更多層的pipeline結構
–耗電及倍頻相鎖迴路之改進
Multiply and Add
1+2 = 3
Add
0001
+
0010
0011
Most Common Operation in DSP
A = B*C + D
E = F*G + A
..
.
Multiply, Add, and Accumulate
MAC Instruction
Multiply
0
1
0
1
x
x
x
x
8
4
2
1
x
x
x
x
0011
0011
0011
0011
5*3 = 15
0000
0011
0000
0011
Shifted and
added multiple
3
5
times
=
MAC Operation
Typically 70 Clock Cycles
With Ordinary Processors
Typically 1 Clock Cycle
With Digital Signal
Processors
Architecture
von Neuman Machine
A
STORED
PROGRAM
AND
DATA
D
INPUT/
OUTPUT
ARITHMETIC
LOGIC
UNIT
A = ADDRESS
D = DATA
Harvard Architecture
A
A
ARITHMETIC
LOGIC
UNIT
STORED
PROGRAM
D
INPUT/
OUTPUT
STORED
DATA
D
Application of DSP Chips
•通訊
–行動電話(mobile/cellular phone)，無線電話
(cordless phone)，數據機(modem) ，影像電
話(video phone) 或無線通訊之基地台(base
station)設備等。
•控制
–全數位式伺服馬達驅動器(full digital servo
drive)，變頻器(inverter)，不斷電系統
(uninterrupted power supply)，功因調整器
(power factor corrector)，或電動機/汽車的
控制核心等。
Application of DSP Chips
•車輛電子
–煞車防鎖系統(ABS)，循跡控制系統(TCS)，主動
式懸吊系統(active suspension system)，電子
消音器 (electronic muffler)，主動式車廂噪
音消除系統(active cabin noise cancellation
system)，及噴射引擎控制系統(fuel-injection
engine control)等。
•消費性電子產品
–數位相機(digital camera)，數位式答錄機，數
位式影音光碟機(DVD player)，電子鍵盤樂器
(electronic keyboard)，及遊戲機等。
The TMS320 Family
• C2000 Platform (Low-cost fixed-point DSP)
– Telephony and Consumer
• C203, C206, F206 and C209
– Digital Control
• C50, F240, C240, F241, F243, C241 and C242
• C5000 Platform (High performance fixedpoint DSP)
• C54x and C55x
• C6000 Platform (Floating-point DSP)
• C62x, C67x, C3x, C4x and C8x