The History & Developing
of mouse
Instructor: LIN, RU-LI
Speaker: SYU JHE-WEI
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology
Chapter 1.
The history & developing.
Chapter 2.
How to choose a mouse?
Index
What is the mouse ??
Is that ?
Or that ?
Or that ?
In computing, a mouse is a pointing device that functions by
detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting
surface.
In the wiki
Chapter 1.
History & Developing
1968 .
Invention
1972~1983
Location & input have
began to change
1989 ~2000
Operation & Transmission
Technical Great Leap
2000~now
High-tech era
December 9, 1968, the world's first mouse was
born in California, Stanford University, its
inventor Dr. Douglas Englebart.
original intention was to make the operation of
the computer easier to replace the
cumbersome command of the keyboard.
Who Invention ?
With the augment computer use, the first mouse device looks very
simple, it is an analog device, relying on the bottom two metal
wheels, drive axle is connected to the variable resistor to generate
mouse displacement signal.
The first prototype of
a computer mouse
How is work ?
Analog signals
Continuously varying electromagnetic
wave transmitted through a variety of
transmission media.
Digital signal
The continuous voltage pulse is mainly
based on the type of potential state.
Digital and analog systems comparison:
Digital system operator is accurate, it is not easy to noise interference
Signal storage, easy to edit. But it is a distortion of the wave.
Serial port (RS-232):
Mainly used for serial bit-by-bit data transfer.
General computer applications RS-232 (25-pin or 9-pin connector)
and industrial computer applications half-duplex RS-485 with fullduplex RS-422.
Abbreviation
Pin
meaning
Explanation
Tell the computer modem carrier is detected.
Receive data.
Transfer the data.
The computer tells the modem can be transmitted.
Ground.
Modem tells the computer everything was ready.
Computer modem to send data.
Tell the computer modem can transfer data .
Tell the computer modem signal comes.
Serial Port Specifications:
Serial port points, According to electricity standards and
protocols including:
RS-422
RS-232-C
RS485
PS/2
USB
1972~1983
Location & input have began to change
in 1972 replace the metal wheel to wheel
mouse by Xerox Corporation, scroll not only
the X and Y-axis mode.
In early 1980, by Steve Kirsch designed
one of the most original version of the
optical mouse.
Grating
In 1983, Logitech invented the first optical-mechanical mouse
P4, which is what we today call the mechanical mouse. This
mouse structure has become a de facto industry standard.
The initial listing price of $ 299!!
Operating an opto-mechanical mouse:
1. moving the mouse turns the ball.
2. X and Y rollers grip the ball and
transfer movement.
3. Optical encoding disks include light
holes. Infrared LEDs shine through the
disks
4. Sensors gather light pulses to convert
to X and Y vectors.
opto-mechanical mouse.
In 1983, Microsoft launched its
own mouse, affected the entire
computer industry in the next 20
years, when the mouse asking
price is $ 195 USD
Apple also introduced a desktop
computer with a mouse, an asking
price of $ 9,995 USD
Naming of PS / 2 from 1987 when IBM introduced the PC: PS / 2
series. PS / 2 mouse connection is usually used to replace the
old serial mouse interface (DB-9 RS-232)
The color-coded PS/2 connection ports
(purple for keyboards and green for mice)
PS/2
Specifications:
Pin number (from the slot into)
Pin function
Pin
name
function
1
2
3
+DATA
Reserved
GND
4
Vcc
5
+CLK
Data
Retention*
Ground
+5 V DC supply
current of 275 mA
Clock
6
Not connected
Not connected**
* On some notebook mouse data for splitter cable.
** On some notebook mouse clock for splitter cable.
1989 ~2000
Operation & Transmission
Technical Great Leap
1989, trackball technology, first applied to the mouse
TrackMan
By Canada's Royal Navy
in 1952 designed the first
trackball
Because the trackball mouse strong positioning capability
and accuracy at the same time caused a great sensation in
the professional field and boom.
Advantages :
Disadvantage :
Trackball
By reading the direction and speed of the scroll ball scrolling to locate.
In 1991 the first wireless mouse by Logitech Logitech invention, the
first 27 MHz RF wireless technology.
1995 by Eric Michelman the wheel in
the middle of the left and right keys.
Include 27Mhz, 2.4G, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11), Infrared
(IrDA), ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4).
27Mhz Radio Frequence ?
27 MHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) radio frequency .
In this frequency band four channels around the world:
1. two for the wireless keyboard,
2. the other two for the wireless mouse;
3. 27Mhz farthest effective transmission distance of only 6 feet
(182.88cm)
Wireless Mouse
Mega Hertz, (MHz) Fluctuation frequency of one of the units.
1 Hz = 1/s
Universal Serial Bus , abbreviation of “ USB ”
A serial port bus standard is the the connection computer
system with an external device
USB
1994，Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC and Nortel
Specifications:
Length
5 meters (max)
Hot-swappable
Support
Electrical
Characteristics
5 volts DC
Maximum voltage of 5 V (± 5%)
Maximum current
500-900 mA @ 5 V (Depending
on the version)
In 1996, Microsoft released a
standard mouse has a rubber
plastic roller wheel.
The Apple ‘hockey puck’ mouse
appears in 1998 and it’s is notable as
the first Apple mouse to support the
USB peripheral standard .
2000~now
High-tech era
In 2000, Apple releases the first
mouse with an optical tracking
sensor.
In 2002, Logitech introduced the
first Bluetooth mouse.
The human eye to light in the visible
wavelength range of about 400 ~ 700nm,
this range of wavelength is referred to as
the infrared ray is less than compared to
UV light.
There will be a prism of the
light output of the light turning
Light-Emitting Diode (LED) by infrared
Through the barriers to the ability to
use infrared LED
Long-wavelength light penetrating
and will be better directivity.
Bluetooth uses frequency bands and 2.4G RF are free in most
countries, authorized 2.4-2.485GHz ISM
"Bluetooth" technology was developed by a company established in
September 1998, the private, non-profit organization Special Interest
Group (SIG) to develop a standard.
Bluetooth
Version 1.0、1.1、1.2、2.0、2.1、4.0
2004, the first mouse to use a laser for
optical tracking, the MX 1000. The laser
tracking system.
2005 launched the first dedicated to
people with disabilities to use the foot
mouse
The spent two mutually parallel optically reflective surface forming
of Seismic chamber, to form a total internal reflection and
generating a narrow beam.
Laser engine
In 2006, the advent of Bluetooth
Laser Mouse
2006 , Logitech Logitech MX Air
power shot Super Mouse
Phone and mouse combo mouse
phone was launched by SONY
In 2008, Microsoft introduced the Blu-ray Mouse
with Blue Track technology, compatible with all
interfaces (Microsoft SideWinder X8).
Blue LED (wavelength of about 450 nm) and a high
degree of scattering, four times more than the
average optical irradiation area light dispersion
mirrors, increased resolving power
characteristics.
Through the media capacity is very low, the
glass can also be used
Blue ray - LED
In 2008, Logitech ships its one-billionth mouse since it
began selling them in 1982.
In 2011, Cybork release the top of mouses, the R.A.T.9 Gaming
Mouse. Nothing can beat this piece of art !
In 2009, Logitech launch DarkField laser tracking
technology can also be used in the glass .
Usually only use a set of positioning problem in a transparent
material, it will enable the second group
In 2009,
Apple introduced new Mouse Magic Mouse
with multi-touch technology.
Chapter 2.
How to choose the mouse?
CPI & DPI
1920×1080
CPI（Counts Per Inch）
DPI（Dots Per Inch）
960 DPI
Sensei MLG 16400 DPI !!
1920 DPI
The location of the sensor will greatly affect the
operation flu.
Frame Per Second (FPS) :
It represents the sampling frequency of the induction engine per
second.
Laser Gaming Mouse up to 12000FPS
Optical Gaming Mouse only 6400FPS ~ 9000FPS
General optical mouse has only 3000FPS
frame rate is higher than about 10-12
frames per second, this phenomenon
is called persistence of vision.
Early optical engine, FPS value is only 1500,and now up to 6000FPS.
Report Rate (Polling Rate）:
Mouse input on the computer interface specifications, the default
value is 125Hz. The low rate of return will be delayed information.
1
=
125
receive 125 mouse positioning
from the information per second
= 8 mS
Report Rate and monitor refresh rate :
traditional CRT can be adjusted in 75 to
between 60Hz. 60Hz refresh rate per second
60 times
Most of the LCD screen refresh rate is fixed
at 60Hz, reaction time was 16.67ms.
refresh rate is too low compared to the reaction time, the biggest
reason is the cause screen image retention.
LCD monitor also introduced 120Hz specifications in order to use the 3D
technology, but for the professional players, with 120Hz up to 8.33ms
response time monitor.
So 125Hz Report Rate is more than enough!
維基百科:
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BC%A0%E6%A0%87
光學滑鼠的理論與結構:
http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/ahow-lifenote/article?mid=88&prev=-1&next=87
串列埠:
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B2%E8%A1%8C%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3
RS-232:
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232
PS/2介面:
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS/2%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3
滑鼠40周年發展史:
http://angelo-nmb.blogspot.com/2008/12/40.html#.UV0iAlfLtHZ
Mouse History In Photos:
http://www.topdesignmag.com/mouse-history-in-photos/
羅技鼠標歷史完全回顧:
http://news.mydrivers.com/1/165/165989.htm
你所知道與不知道的關於滑鼠的大小事:
http://www.computerdiy.com.tw/all-articles/articles-mouse/2618-mouse
Reference
Thank you for watching