W. M. Keck Observatory
Keck Next Generation AO
Next Generation Adaptive Optics
Irvine Meeting
September 14, 2006
P. Wizinowich
for NGAO Executive Committee
Keck NGAO
Welcome - Participants
In-Person Participants
– NGAO Executive Committee: Rich Dekany, Don Gavel,
Claire Max, Peter Wizinowich
– Sean Adkins, Aaron Barth, Antonin Bouchez, Andrea
Ghez, Mike Liu, Chris Neyman
Telecon Attendees:
– Brian Bauman, Matthew Britton, Jason Chin, Ralf
Flicker, Bruce Macintosh, Franck Marchis, Knut Olsen,
Viswa Velur
– Unconfirmed – Richard Ellis, Erik Johansson, Stephan
Kellner, James Larkin, Junichi Meguro, Chuck Steidel
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Goals of Today’s Meeting
Finalize the System Engineering Management
Plan for the NGAO system design phase
Map out the science case requirements
development plan
Map out the performance budget development
plan
The above 3 goals are part of the process of
identifying the path to a system design
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Meeting Agenda
08:20 Welcome (Wizinowich)
08:30 Project Management (Wizinowich)
11:00 Science Team Management (Max)
12:00 Lunch at Faculty Club
13:00 Science Requirements & Performance
Budgets (All)
16:30 Wrap up & Action Items
17:00 End
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Meeting Agenda –
Science Requirements & Performance Budgets
1:00 Introduction to Goals & Approach
1:10 Plan to Develop System Requirements thru 1) Science
Cases & 2) Performance Budgets
Sample Cases:
1:45 Galactic Center & Astrometry Budget (Ghez, Wizinowich)
2:15 Debris Disks & Binary Brown Dwarfs & Companion Sensitivity
Budget (Liu, Macintosh, Neyman)
2:45 Break
3:00 Crowded Fields &/or Resolved Stellar Populations & Photometry
Budget (Max, Dekany)
3:30 High Redshift Universe & Encircled Energy Budget (Max)
4:00 Simulations & Assumptions (Neyman)
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W. M. Keck Observatory
Keck Next Generation AO
NGAO System Design Phase
System Engineering Management Plan
P. Wizinowich
for NGAO Executive Committee
Keck NGAO
Presentation Sequence
Background
System Design (SD) Phase
Review/discuss the System Engineering
Management Plan (SEMP) for the SD phase of the
NGAO project
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Background
NGAO Proposal
– Presented at 6/21/06 SSC meeting
– Well received by SSC & Observatory management
– CARA Board approved proceeding with the system design (SD)
phase
NGAO Executive Committee (EC)
– Established by Observatory Directors to manage the NGAO SD
phase
– Peter Wizinowich (EC chair), Rich Dekany, Don Gavel, Claire Max
(NGAO science team chair)
SD Phase System Engineering Management Plan (SEMP)
– Document describing how the EC plans to manage the SD phase
– Will be submitted to the Observatory Directors on 9/29/06 for
approval
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System Design Phase
Section 3.1 & 8 of SEMP
Initial design phase (precedes the preliminary design phase)
“The principle objective of a system design is to establish a
design approach that meets the scientific and user
requirements established for the system. System design will
establish a discipline integrated engineering plan for the
proposed design, understand the technical risks, explore
trade-offs, and determine estimates for performance and
cost to completion.”
Key deliverables:
–
–
–
–
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System Requirements Document
System Design Manual
System Engineering Management Plan
System Design Report
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Planning Assumptions
Budget
– NGAO proposal estimated $980k for SD phase
– $600k currently available in WMKO FY07 budget (may change NASA negotiating to buy 10 telescope nights/year in FY07-09)
– Conclusions:
No need to prepare funding proposals during SD phase
Can accelerate SD phase once we reach FY08
Science Instruments
– Will only be taken to a proposal level
– Necessary to understand impact on NGAO system design & to
provide a good starting point for instrument system designs
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Planning Approach
Design process loop
– Will begin anew & complete several iterations during SD
Science
Requirements
Technical
Implications
Initial
Concept
Performance
Assessment
Repeat as required while making improvements & balancing trade offs
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Work Flow Approach
1. Initial focus will be on requirements & performance
budgets to ensure we understand the largest levers on
the design
2. Break down the requirements into functional
requirements on the major systems (AO, LGS facility,
operations tools & science instruments)
3. In parallel with 1 & 2, perform trade studies to better
understand the appropriate design choices
4. Work on overall AO architecture & concepts for the
major systems. Continue to iterate with the
requirements & performance budgets.
5. Work on cost estimates & the plans for the NGAO
project
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SD Phase - Work Breakdown Structure
Each major WBS produces one of the 4 major deliverables of
the SD Phase:
1 System Design Phase Management
 System Design Report
2 System Requirements
 System Requirements Document
3 System Design Approach
 System Design Manual
4 System Engineering Management Plan
 System Engineering Management Plan
WBS dictionary defines each element in WBS (section 9)
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WBS 1 SD Phase Management
1.1 Planning & Contracting
1.2 Meetings
1.3 Tracking & Reporting
1.4 Funding Proposals
1.5 System Design Report & Review
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MILESTONE
DATE
DESCRIPTION
SD SEMP Approved
10/9/06
Approval of this plan by the Directors. Initial SEMP
version released to Directors for comment on 9/12 & final
version on 9/29/06.
SD phase contracts in place
10/27/06
Contracts issued to Caltech & UCSC for the system
design phase.
System Requirements v1.0 Rel.
10/27/06
Initial release of System Requirements with emphasis on
the science requirements
Individual Performance Budgets
Released
2/16/07
First round of all performance budgets complete &
documented
System Requirement v2.0 Release
3/9/07
Second release of System Requirements
Initial Risk Analysis Released
4/18/07
First round of project risk analysis complete &
documented
Trade Studies Complete
6/16/07
All trade studies complete & documented
System Requirement v3.0 Release
6/29/07
Third release of System Requirements
System Design Manual v1.0
Release
8/31/07
First release of System Design Manual
System Design Manual v2.0 Rel.
10/31/07
Second release of System Design Manual
Cost Review Complete
12/12/07
Project cost estimates complete, documented &
internally reviewed
SDR Package Distributed
1/15/08
SDR documents sent to reviewers
System Design Review
2/4/08
SDR meeting
SSC final SDR Report
4/3/08
Final SD phase report including results of SDR
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Date
#
Venue
14- Sep- 06
1
UCI
3- Nov- 06
2
Major Meeting Goal
Kic koff
Sc i. Case I
Sc ienc e/Management
Milestone
NGAO SD Plan
Systems Engineering
Milestone
Optic s/Mec hanic s
Milestone
Elec tronic s/Software
Milestone
WFS/WFP
Milestone
Model/Tool Validation
CIT Performanc e Drivers
Identify Perf. Drivers
SRD I
SRD I
13- Dec - 06
3
Video Various TS's
22- Jan- 07
4
Keck Performanc e Budgets Continuous Sc i. Field Photometric Budget
Var/Fixed LGS Ast
LGS Ast Geom & Sz
Obs. Effic . Budget
Rayleigh Rejec tion
Site Monitoring Update Tip/Tilt Stage v. DM
Operations Arc h. I
Tel Wavefr Errors
LOWFS Num & Type
HOWFS Num & Type
Astrometric Budget
High- c ontrast Budget
Polarimetric Budget
Throughput Budget
7- Mar- 07
5
Video SRD II
Various TS's
18- Apr- 07
6
UCSC Various TS's
30- May- 07
7
9- Jul- 07
8
UCSC 5- day Retreat
22- Aug- 07
9
Video Cost Review I
13- Sep- 07
10
CIT Infrastruc ture I
5- Nov- 07
11
Video Software Review II
Operations Tools II
SDM II
Non- real- time Softwr II
12- Dec - 07
12
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Risk Analysis II
Cost Estimate II
Integr. & Test Plan I
Elec tronic s II
HO WFS II
LO WFS II
SDR Prep
SDR Prep
SRD IV
SDR Prep
SDR Prep
Video Software Review I
SRD IV
Cost Review II
9- Jan- 08
13
Video SDR Preparation
Prelim. Design Prop.
4- Feb- 08
14
Keck SDR
4- Apr- 08
15
TBD Prelim. Design Kic koff
9/14/06
K- & L- band Sc ienc e SRD II
GLAO for non- AO
AM2
Optic al Relay
d- IFU Opt Sampling
Risk Analysis I
Field Rotat. Strategy
Enc l/Relay Temp.
Operations Tools I
Laser Enc losure
Software Arc hitec ture
Slow WFS
Centroid Anisoplan
Sc i Path Opt Des I
Mec h Struc ture I
Non- real- time Softwr I
HOWFS I
LOWFS II
Elec tronic s I
Real- time Control I
SRD III
Cost Estimate I
Subsystem Test Plans
SDM I
NGAO vs Upgrades
Foc us Compens.
Sc i Path Opt Des II
Mec h Struc ture II
SDR Prep
SDR
Sc i Path Opt Des III
Mec h Struc ture III
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Real- time Control II
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WBS 2 System Requirements
2.1 Science Requirements
2.2 Observatory Requirements
2.3 System Requirements Document
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WBS 3 System Design Approach
3.1 System Engineering
3.2 AO System
3.3 Laser Facility
3.4 Operations Tools
3.5 Science Instruments
3.6 System Design Manual
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WBS 4 System Engineering Management Plan
4.1 Project Plan
4.2 Risk Assessment & Management Plan
4.3 Preliminary Design Phase Plan
4.4 Integration & Test Plans
4.5 Configuration Management Plan
4.6 Project Management Plan
4.7 System Engineering Management Plan
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W. M. Keck Observatory
Keck Next Generation AO
System Requirements Development:
Science Requirements &
Performance Budgets
P. Wizinowich
for NGAO Executive Committee
Keck NGAO
Science Requirements & Performance Budgets
The science & user requirements drive the performance
budgets & hence the design
As a 1st step we want to identify the biggest terms in the
performance budgets & the biggest levers on the design
Our approach for each performance budget:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Select the science case(s) that most drive the budget
Develop the science requirements from the science case
Develop the elements of the performance budget
Validate models & assumptions that have a big impact
Develop predictions from the budgets (i.e., PSFs, backgrounds, etc.)
Use predictions to test whether science case needs achieved
Iterate until science case & performance budget achieved
Good iteration on the wavefront error budget produced for
proposal. All other performance budgets need a 1st iteration.
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Example: Wavefront Error Budget
Science Case
(typically under median
conditions)
AO
mode
Seeing
Field of
View
(arcsec)
RMS
Wavefront
Error (nm)
NGS mag or
Sky Coverage
at H-band
"Best-conditions" narrow-field
5 LGS
Superior
2"
93
20%
Io
1 NGS
Median
1"
125
mV = 5.5
Kuiper Belt Object (KBO)
5 LGS
Median
2"
131
mH = 15.75
Galactic Center (GC)
5 LGS
Median
10"
182
mH=8.8 (IRS7)
Field Galaxies (sky-average)
5 LGS
Median
2"
173 + 6 mas
30%
Field Galaxies (d-IFU case)
5 LGS
Median
2"
173+30 mas
90%
GOODS-N Field
5 LGS
Median
2"
218+16 mas
20% of G-N
GOODS-N Field (d-IFU case)
5 LGS
Median
2”
H-band FWHM
75% of G-N
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Example: Wavefront Error Budget for KBO case
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Science Requirements Overview
Science Case
Solar System
Multiple Asteroidal Systems
Main Belt multiples
T NO multiples
Size & shape
Moonlet spectroscopy
Giant Planet Satellites
T itan surface & atmosphere
Io volcanism
Galactic
Galactic Center Dynamics
Astrometry
Radial Velocities
Debris Disks
Direct Imaging of Planets
Around VLM stars & brown dwarfs
Around very young stars
Protostars
Circumstellar Environment
Outflow kinematics
Extragalactic
AGNs & Supermassiv e BHs
BH mass determinations
AGN/QSO host galaxies
High-z Field Galaxies
Grav itational Lensing
Cluster lensing
Galaxy-galaxy lensing
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Critical
performance metrics:
Imaging
Image
Phot
SNR
error
(mag)
Spectroscopy
Spec Spec Res
SNR
(  )
Tiptilt stars
OnOffaxis:
axis:
mag
sky %
 (m)
FOV
(")
Mag limit
# of
Targs
0.7-2.4
1.1-2.4
0.7-2.4
0.7-2.4
3
3
2
2
V=7-17
V=19-21
V=7-17
V=7-17
100
60
300
~85
100
40
100
100
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.1
20
20
400
400
V<17
V<17
V<17
V<17
30
-
0.83-2.4
0.7-5.3
2
3
V=8
V=5
1
1
200
200
0.05
0.05
100
100
1000
1000
V=8
V=5
any
1.5-2.4
1.5-2.4
0.7-3.8
10
1
<20
K=18
K=18
(H)<20
1
1
50
tbd
tbd
20
0.02
0.02
100
20
4K/15K
100
H=8.8
H=8.8
V=4-20
-
0.9-3.8
0.9-3.8
2
2
J=13-25
J=13-25
300
300
20
20
0.05
0.05
20
20
100
100
H<15
R<19
30
30
High contrast
High contrast
0.6-13
0.6-2.2
<30
<30
I=9-24
I=9-24
200
50
30
-
0.03
-
50
50
3K
20K
-
30
30
Polarimetry
0.8-2.4
0.8-2.4
0.7-2.4
10
10
>120
R=16
K=20
K=22
50
200
1000s
20
20
0.05
0.05
30
30
20
5K
>3K
>3.5K
-
30
30
30
0.9-2.4
0.9-2.4
>60
4
H=24
H=24
200
50
5
5
0.1-0.2
0.1-0.2
20
20
>3K
>3K
-
30
30
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Special Reqs
service observing
service observing
service observing
service observing - thermal IR
Astrometry: 10 mas
High contrast; PSF knowledge
Some Multiplexed spectroscopy
Multiplexed spectroscopy
Multiplexed spectroscopy
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Science Requirements Overview
Parameter Space of Possible AO Systems
Optical
Near-IR
Thermal-NIR
narrow field,
modest Strehl
narrow field,
high Strehl
narrow field,
v.high Strehl
High
Contrast
Wide-Field,
Multi-Object
Solar System
Key
Yes
Yes
Maybe
-
Galactic
Yes
Key
Maybe
Key
-
Extragalactic
Key
Key
-
Yes
Key
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Science Requirements Overview
Prioritized List of Science Instruments
Solar System
Galactic
Extragalactic
1. VIS Cam
1. NIR Cam + coronagraph
1. d-IFU-NIR: R~3000
2. NIR Cam
2. IFU-NIR: R~100, 3000
2. NIR Cam
3. IFU-NIR: R~400-1000
3. VIS Cam
3. IFU-VIS: R~5000
4. Thermal NIR Cam
4. Thermal NIR Cam
4. VIS Cam
5. IFU-VIS: R~400-1000
5. IFU-VIS: R~100, 3000
5. Thermal NIR Cam
6. d-IFU-NIR
6. d-IFU-NIR
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W. M. Keck Observatory
Keck Next Generation AO
Astrometry Performance Budget
P. Wizinowich
Keck NGAO
Current Keck AO Astrometry Performance
Galactic Center – 250 arcsec
with NIRC2 (Ghez)
< 20 arcsec spectro-astrometry
precision with NIRC2 (Ireland)
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Predicted Keck Interferometer
Astrometry Performance
Differential Interferometric
Astrometry
Error Term
– Angle = OPD/Baseline
– Assumptions: IRS7 for
phase referencing, K=16
science object, 20 min
integration
Goals:
– 100 arcsec for
exoplanets
– 30 arcsec for Galactic
Center
PTI demo:
– 10 arcsec for
mag
binaries separated by 1”
<4th
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RMS error
(µas)
Atmosphere - turbulence
9.72
Atmosphere - dispersion
8.51
Baseline - noise
6.59
Baseline - solution
2.31
Metrology - sampling
4.85
Metrology - alignment
5.10
Metrology - laser stability
1.46
Metrology - thermal
6.07
Fringe detection - non-linearities
8.49
Photon noise - reference target
0.09
Photon noise - science target
5.58
Total rms error =
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AO Astrometry Performance Budget
Error Term
As a starting point
RMS error
(µas)
Atmosphere - turbulence
What other terms
should be
considered?
What is needed for
the Galactic Center?
Atmosphere - dispersion
AO distortion
Camera distortion
Centroiding
Photon noise - reference target
Photon noise - science target
Total rms error =
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