Rhetoric
Making an Argument
• Worst:
“Robots will never be conscious, intelligent beings.”
Making an Argument
• Equally bad:
“I don’t think that robots will ever be conscious,
intelligent beings.”
Making an Argument
• Not actually much better:
“Robots will never be conscious, intelligent beings
because they aren’t like us.”
Making an Argument
• Only a very tiny bit better:
“Robots will never be conscious, intelligent beings
because they are purely digital while the neurons in our
brains are also influenced by hormones and other
chemicals in their environment.”
Making an Argument
• Only better for particular audiences:
“Robots will never be conscious, intelligent beings
because <Oracle I believe in> says that people are
special.”
Making an Argument
• Not much better:
“Robots will never be conscious, intelligent beings
because they only do what they’re programmed to do.”
Making an Argument
• Slightly better:
“Robots will never be conscious, intelligent beings
because they don’t perceive and act in the world.”
Making an Argument
• Much better:
“Conscious, intelligent behavior appears to require the
ability to do all of the following things:
• Balance conflicting goals.
• Perceive and interact with the world.
• Learn from experience.
• Apply a massive amount of knowledge to solve
problems in real time.
So it is unlikely that robots will be able to act like
conscious, intelligent beings until they too can do these
things.”
Overstatements
• Every time a robot is invented, everyone
becomes extremely interested and curious.
Overstatements
• Technology continues to be an overwhelming
presence in today’s world with Americans’ daily
use of the internet and the personal computer.
Paper and Paragraph Structure
Sentences
Written and Spoken Language
• Talking came (way) first.
Written and Spoken Language
• Talking came (way) first.
• Writing captures speech for later. So read your paper
out loud to yourself. If it sounds bad, it probably is bad.
Written and Spoken Language
• Talking came (way) first.
• Writing captures speech for later. So read your paper
out loud to yourself. If it sounds bad, it probably is bad.
• But there are a few differences.
Clunky Sentence Structure
• As always, that which is unknown is the most
frightening.
Clunky Sentence Structure
• The unique choice for a flute as an instrument
was because …
Clunky Sentence Structure
• Another important representative in the saga
over artificial intelligence in ancient mythology is
Hephaestus.
Clunky Sentence Structure
• You must first take a closer look at each
individual law separately and from numerous
amount of angles. One particular angle that
opens up a vast array of uncertainty is …
Clunky Sentence Structure
• Therefore intelligence comes with the capability
of fairly accurately predicting the consequences
of a given action whether desired or undesired.
Clunky Sentence Structure
• Even animals such as snakes will learn over
time as to which animals are desirable to eat,
and will be given no example from those of their
same species to follow.
Clunky Sentence Structure
• For those of you who have children and don’t
know it, we have a nursery downstairs.
Clunky Sentence Structure
Who Are the Characters?
What Are They Doing?
Our lack of knowledge about the way in which
computer processor speeds will increase precludes
any careful prediction of the pace of robot
development even in the face of increased funding
and substantial additional research.
Who Are the Characters?
What Are They Doing?
Our lack of knowledge about the way in which
computer processor speeds will increase precludes
any careful prediction of the pace of robot
development even in the face of increased funding
and substantial additional research.
Because we cannot predict how computer speeds
will increase, we cannot make any careful
predictions about how quickly we will be able to
develop new robots. This is true even if we
increase funding and research.
Who Are the Characters?
What Are They Doing?
There is widespread worry about the possible effect
that might occur if there is a significant increase in
the power of available robots.
Who Are the Characters?
What Are They Doing?
There is widespread worry about the possible effect
that might occur if there is a significant increase in
the power of available robots.
Many people worry about what might happen if
robots become significantly more powerful.
Run On Sentences
• He invented a method of protecting buildings
from fire, the printing press, a lens named after
him, and the monochord for tuning musical
instruments, suggested improvements in canal
locks, made experiments in steam navigation,
and contrived two calculating machines.
Vocabulary
• Man has always shown an unprecedented
desire to advance our tools.
Vocabulary
• Our way of life, so heavily relied upon
technology, portrays the stark contrast to the
days of manual labor.
Vocabulary
• Using that definition one can acquire that a robot
is made to simulate real behavior.
Vocabulary
• Using that definition one can acquire that a robot
is made to simulate real behavior.
Vocabulary
• The rest of the brain comprises the basics of a
complex living organism.
Vocabulary
• Deep Blue portrays not an actual machine that
learns to play chess, but instead is another plain
object which carries the capacity of
programming.
Vocabulary
• … extremely unique …
Vocabulary
• ... desire to fulfill a sense of loneliness …
Mass vs Count Nouns
… a robot has a limited amount of choices.
Repeating Words
• He invented numerous inventions.
Subcategorization Rules
• ... the skill to play a musical instrument.
Subcategorization Rules
• … sensory predictions on what the door should
be like
Subcategorization Rules
• Almost destroyed, it could do nothing to
counteract against the onslaught.
Subcategorization Rules
• We create concepts to gain common sense on
what will happen if …
Subcategorization Rules
• It may not be adequate as justification to certain
ideas.
Reduced Relative Clauses
• This first situation presented brings up many …
Quantifiers and Negation
• Robots can only do what they’re programmed to do.
Quantifiers and Negation
• Robots can only do what they’re programmed to do.
The only thing a robot can do is what it is programmed to do.
Quantifiers and Negation
• Robots can only do what they’re programmed to do.
The only thing a robot can do is what it is programmed to do.
• Robots can only move along predetermined paths.
Quantifiers and Negation
• Robots can only do what they’re programmed to do.
The only thing a robot can do is what it is programmed to do.
• Robots can only move along predetermined paths.
The only thing a robot can do is move along a predetermined path.
Quantifiers and Negation
• Robots can only do what they’re programmed to do.
The only thing a robot can do is what it is programmed to do.
• Robots can only move along predetermined paths.
The only thing a robot can do is move along a predetermined path.
Does this sentence really say that a robot cannot also pick things up?
Dangling Modifiers
• Zuse realizes the technology will eventually
become an artificial brain in 1938.
Dangling Modifiers
• One has to calculate the ball’s trajectory when it
reaches the arm, involving a set of mathematical
equations.
Dangling Modifiers
• The next two examples are creations of Jacques
de Vaucanson, which took on unique features to
fool humans.
Dangling Modifiers
• The second law will conflict when multiple orders
are given to a robot by different people that are
contrasting.
Dangling Modifiers
• The stereotype of the crazed, mad scientist
secretly working in their laboratory on a creation
that could be dangerous to all has also become
a fixture of pop culture, which may have started
with Frankenstein’s story.
And Another Problem With This One
• The stereotype of the crazed, mad scientist
secretly working in their laboratory on a creation
that could be dangerous to all has also become
a fixture of pop culture, which may have started
with Frankenstein’s story.
Parallel Structure
• Therefore to achieve intelligence, one must not
just be able to change behavior, but create
concepts that will allow for the being to analyze
and relatively efficiently handle new challenges.
Parallel Structure
• This robot stood at five and a half feet tall, made
out of wood, and painted white to simulate
marble.
Which, That, Who
• It represents the thoughts of so many current
conservatives that currently live in the world.
Which, That, Who
• It represents the thoughts of so many current
conservatives that currently live in the world.
• It represents the thoughts of many current
conservatives.
Which, That, Who
• … such as the mechanical duck which could
simply digest food.
Which, That, Who
• These robots are given the three laws which
they must abide by.
Which, That, Who
• It is ingrained that things, which are unfamiliar, in
most cases can be dangerous.
Which, That, Who
• In 1879 C. G. Gumpel invented “Mephisto” that
he controlled with an electrical remote control.
Split Infinitives
• The robots of the movie industry need to only
stay in the movie industry and never arrive in the
world of the real.
Split Infinitives
• … because it is programmed to never kill a
human.
Eats, Shoots and Leaves
A panda walks into a café. He orders a sandwich, eats it,
then draws a gun and fires two shots in the air.
"Why?" asks the confused waiter, as the panda makes
towards the exit. The panda produces a badly punctuated
wildlife manual and tosses it over his shoulder.
"I'm a panda," he says at the door. "Look it up.“
The waiter turns to the relevant entry and, sure enough,
finds an explanation.
"Panda. Large black-and-white bear-like mammal, native to
China. Eats, shoots and leaves."
Commas
• In order to do this his goal was …
Commas
• They are developed over time generally by
observed example.
Commas
• Much the same occurs with all mammals and
birds who are raised by their parents.
Where Writing Differs (or Not) from
Speaking - Colloquialisms
• Our world is so brilliant and compartmentalized.
• If you have ever seen the movie, I Robot, Will
Smith hated robots.
• As, we all know, the Turing Test …
Where Writing Differs (or Not) from
Speaking – Grammar (My Opinion)
• None of these traits are found in humans.
not ok
• … robots that people can relate to …
ok