從属連接詞
(A)定義：連接一個子句當作從属子句，也就是說，一個子句之前如果加一個從
属連接詞，一定是從属子句；而沒有連接詞的那個子句就是主要子句。
(B)以詞性來區分：其所引導的子句可以當名詞子句、形容詞子句和副詞子句。
一、當名詞子句：這種連接詞包括 that，whether, if (是否)，以及疑問代名詞或是
疑問副詞。而名詞子句在句中也和名詞一樣，可以當主詞、主詞補語、動詞
或介係詞的受詞、以及同位語。
(1)當主詞：(子句當主詞一定是第三人單數)
1.That he will win the game is doubtful (令人懷疑的).
= It is doubtful that he will win the game.
2. Whether he will accept the job or not depends on your decision.
3. How much money he will lend me is hard to guess.
(2) 當主詞補語：
1. The big trouble is that I don’t know where he lives.
2. The problem is whether he has enough time or not.
3. The key point is how long he will stay here.
(3) 當動詞的受詞：
1. I don’t think (that) he will be on time.
2. I don’t know when he will come.
3. I doubt whether he will try his best.
4. Please tell me how soon he will come back.
(4) 當介係詞的受詞：
1. He is a good person, except that he is very talkative.
2. Man is different from an animal in that he can think and speak.
(5) 當同位語：
1. The news that he will inherit a large sum of money is true.
2. I have an idea that he is still living.
3. Everyone knows the fact that he is our new boss.
Exercise: 寫出劃線部份的子句各當什麼詞
1. I don’t believe that he is honest.
2. That he will take over our boss is not true.
3. The trouble is that I have to return a lot of money to him.
4. I don’t like him in that he likes to boast.
5. I have a good idea that we donate the money to the church.
Answer:
1. 動詞的受詞
2. 主詞
3. 主詞補語
4. 介係詞的受詞
5.同位語
二、當形容詞子句：(由關係代名詞和關係副詞所引導，用來修飾先行詞。)
1. Please tell me the time when he will finish his work.
2. Please give me the reason why you can’t come to my birthday party.
3. I can’t let you know the place where he lives.
4. The man who lives in this house is very famous.
5. Is this the girl whom you met yesterday?
6. I’ve found the wallet which I lost the other day.
7. The boy whose father is a doctor is arrogant.
8. Those who only think about themselves are selfish.
Exercise: 填空
1. This is the place ______ he lives.
2. Nobody knows the time _______ he left yesterday.
3. The reason _______ we don’t like him is _______ he likes to tease us.
4. The best place _____ you have to visit in our city is Confucius’ Temple.
5. Cherry trees, _____ bloom so beautifully in spring, attract a lot of people to
appreciate them.
6. The house _______ roof is blue is very unique.
7. The person of _____ I spoke last night is over there.
8. Is that the dog for ______ you are looking?
Answer:
1.
where
2.
when
3.
why
4.
that
5.
which
6.
whose
7.
whom
8.
which
三、當副詞子句：(修飾動詞，形容詞和其它副詞)
1. 引導表時間的副詞子句
(1) when, while, as, whenever
I’ll ask him to return my book when I meet him next time.
I was taking a bath while she was cooking dinner.
Just as the earthquake happened, I was watching TV in the living room.
Whenever I meet him, he always looks energetic.
(2) as soon as = immediately = instantly = directly = the moment = the instant
As soon as I lay on the bed, I fell asleep.
The moment he saw me, he knew who I am.
Instantly I opened the door, I was surprised at the messy room.
(3) no sooner…than = hardly (scarcely)…when (before)
I had no sooner got on the train than it started.
= No sooner had I got on the train than it started.
The plane had hardly landed when it exploded.
= Hardly had the plane landed when it exploded.
He had scarcely seen her before he embraced her.
= Scarcely had he seen her before he embraced her.
(1) before, after
Let us stop laughing at him before he gets angry.
I will leave here after I have finished my work.
(5) once (一旦)
Once you taste the food, you’ll love it.
(6) till = until (直到…時候)
not…until (直到…才…)
I’ll wait here until he comes back.
He will stay here until he solves the problem
He didn’t come back until 12 o’clock.
She didn’t go to bed until her husband came back.
(7) since (自從，既然，因為)
I have lived here since I was born.
Since it is too late, why don’t we take a taxi?
Since it becomes cold, I put on my heavy coat.
Exercise:
1. I have never seen him_______ he left home.
A. since B. before C. as soon as D. after
2. Never put off what you can do today ______ tomorrow.
A. when B. after C. until D. before
3. No sooner had the teacher come into the classroom ______ all the students stopped
talking.
A. when B. before C. once D. than
4. He had hardly arrived at the office ______ it began to rain.
A. when B. while C. until D. that
5. I will stay here ______ next week.
A. when B. until C. after D. after
6. _______ I see him, he is always very busy.
A. After B. When C. Once D. Whenever
7. _______ you know how to use it, you’ll find it is very convenient.
A. Until B. Once C. Then D. Although
8. Look ______ you leap. (三思而後行。)
A. till B. after C. before D. as soon as
9. _______ the baby saw its mother, it stopped crying.
A. Before B. As soon as C. Till D. While
10. ______ I walked into the classroom, I saw the thief jumping out of the window.
A. The moment
B. As soon
C. No sooner D. Once
Answer:
1.
A
2.
C
3.
D
4.
A
5.
B
6.
D
7.
B
8.
C
9.
B
10. A
2. 引導表地方的副詞子句：
(1) where
Where there is a will, there is a way. (有志者事竟成。)
The city is located where two rivers meet.
(2) wherever
I will follow you wherever you go.
Wherever there is a war, there is death.
3. 表示引導原因理由的副詞子句：
I don’t like him because he likes to take advantage of other people.
Don’t look down upon a man because he is poor.
As it is dark, we turn on the light.
As he often tells a lie, we don’t trust him.
Since life is short, we can’t waste it.
= Now that life is short, we can’t waste it.
= Seeing that life is short, we can’t waste it.
Exercise:
1. ______ I travel, I’ll mail you a postcard.
A. Because B. Wherever C. As D. After
2. I will meet you ______ we met last time.
A. where B. when C. why D. if
3. ______ you don’t like him, why don’t you refuse his proposal (求婚).
A. Since B. Before C. When D. As
4. ______ you have finished your work, you can go home.
A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Until D. Now that
5. He felt very depressed ______ he didn’t pass the test.
A. after B. before C. because D. for
Answer:
1.
B
2.
A
3.
A
4.
D
5.
C
4. 引導表條件的副詞子句：
(1) if = in case
If it rains tomorrow, we’ll put off the picnic.
If he arrives earlier, please tell him to wait.
If you were me, what will you do?
(2) unless (除非)
Unless you start early, you won’t get there on time.
Unless I get the scholarship, I can’t go to university.
(3) so long as = as long as (只要)
As long as you stay with me, I will feel secure.
As long as you get her permission, I’ll let you go.
5. 引導表目的的副詞子句：
(1) in order that (so that)…may (might) (為了)
I got up early in order that I might catch the first train.
He made friends with you so that he might borrow some money from you.
(2) lest…should (以免)
I listened carefully lest I should miss the most important thing.
I didn’t tell him the bad news lest I should hurt her feelings.
6. 引導表結果的副詞子句：(so…that；such…that) (如此…以至於)
I was so hungry that I swallowed all of the food.
She is so lovely that everybody likes her.
= She is such a lovely girl that everybody likes her.
Exercise:
1. ______ I see you, I won’t leave here.
A. When B. If C. Unless D. Since
2. You have to prepare for it as soon as possible _____ it should become too late.
A. lest B. unless C. in case D. in order that
3. I come to this place every day ______ I may see him.
A. as B. in order that C. because D. so long as
4. You can succeed _______ you work hard.
A. unless B. as long as C. because D. as
5. He is such an excellent student _____ every teacher likes him.
A. as B. if C. unless D. that
Answer:
1.
C
2.
A
3.
B
4.
B
5. D
7. 引導表讓步的副詞子句：
(1) though = although
Though she is beautiful, she is bad-tempered.
Although he tried many times, he still failed.
(2) Though＋主詞＋動詞＋形容詞、副詞或名詞
= 形容詞、副詞或名詞＋as＋主詞＋動詞
Though he is rich, he is not happy.
= Rich as he is, he is not happy.
Though I tried hard, I failed again.
= Hard as I tried, I failed again.
Though he is an adult, he acts like a child. .
= Adult as he is, he acts like a child.
(單數普通名詞提到句首時，不定冠詞 a 或 an 要省略)
(3) even if= even though (即使)
Even if you are rich and handsome, I still don’t like you.
Even if she is not your wife any more, you have to help her.
(4) whether…not (不論…或…)
Whether he will come or not, I don’t care.
Whether she is sick or fine, she is always cheerful.
Whether it is rainy or sunny, fishermen go out fishing.
(5) ~ever…may = No matter＋疑問詞…
However old you may be, you must obey the traffic laws.
= No matter how old you may be, you must obey the traffic laws.
Wherever you may go, I will stay with you.
= No matter where you may go, I will stay with you.
Whatever you may do, you must do it well.
= No matter what you may do, you must do it well.
Whichever you may choose, you have to keep it clean.
= No matter which you may choose, you have to keep it clean.
Exercise:
1. Sick ______ he was, he still went to work.
A. although B. as C. no matter D. even if
2. No matter ______ you may choose, please treat it with care.
A. how B. who C. when D. which
3. ________ he may do, he is always devoted .
A. Whatever B. Which C. That D. If
4. ______ you are very angry, you can’t insult other people. .
A. When B. If C. As D. Even if
5. _____ we are not rich, we are happy.
A. Since B. How
C. Though D. Because
6. ______ you love me or not, you have to respect me.
A. If
B. Whether C. Since D. Once
7.Although he is a child, he is very wise.
= _______ he is, he is very wise.
A. Child as B. A child as C. Child though D. A child
8. ______ hard it may be, I will never give up.
A. Whichever B. Whatever C. However D. Whomever
9. No matter _____ he may say, I don’t believe him.
A. how B. what C. who C. which
10. I can’t forgive him ______ he has apologized to me.
A. how B. if C. even though D. since
Answer:
1.
B
2.
D
3.
A
4.
D
5.
C
6.
B
7.
A
8.
C
9.
B
10. C
8. 引導表狀態的副詞子句：
(1) as if = as though (就好像)
She talks as if she knew everything.
He didn’t say anything as if he were dumb.
(2) as (如同；像)
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
Treat me as I treat you.
(3) as~, so~ (正如…亦是)
As food is to the body, so are books to the mind.
As a man sows, so shall he reap. (種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。)
As water is to the fish, so is air to man.
As the eagle is king of birds, so is the lion king of beasts.
(4) A is to B what C is to D
= As C is to D, so is A to B
Feet are to man what wings are to the bird.
=As wings are to the bird, so are feet to man.
Exercise:
1. _____ you sow, so shall you reap.
A. What B. As C. What D. When
2. Air is to man ______ water is to the fish.
A. As B. So C. that D. what
3. She treated the boy _____ he were her own son.
A. as if B. even if C. though D. such
4. Do in Rome _____ the Romans do.
A. as B. such C. like D. the same
5. As windows are to a house, _____ are eyes to a man.
A. what B. as C. so D. if
Answer:
1.
B
2.
D
3.
A
4.
A
5.
C
9. 引導表比較的副詞子句：
(1) than (用於比較級)
She is much more beautiful than I am.
He drives more carefully than I do.
Nothing is more important than health.
(2) as (so)…as (用於原級)
She is as old as I.
He can’t speak English as well as his brother.
This book is not so interesting as that one.
(3) the＋比較級，the＋比較級
The better you know him, the more you love him.
The sooner, the better.
The more you eat, the fatter you become.
10. 引導表範圍的副詞子句：
As far as I know, he is doing well now.
As (So) far as I am concerned, I don’t think you are right.
Exercise:
1. He isn’t _____ patient as his sister.
A. so B. such C. the same D. like
2. ______ I know, he is not such a bad man.
A. As soon as B. As far as C. As long as D. So far
3. I have more brothers and sisters ______ you do.
A. that B. as C. so D. than
4. _____ you climb, the more energy you will consume.
A. The high B. The highest C. As high D. The higher
Answer:
1.
A
2.
B
3.
D
4.
D
Test yourself (60 分以下得重做題目，60 分以上才列出答案且可繼續下一課)
(A) Multiple choice: 50%
1. _____ one grows older, one becomes wiser.
A. So B. As B. As if C. So that
2. I allow you to swim _____ you keep near other kids.
A. as long as B. as far as C. as soon as D. as though
3. _____ you stop fooling around all day long, you can’t pass the exam.
A. As B. Since C. Unless D. until
4. I save money now _____ I should regret when I am old.
A. because B. so that C. however D. lest
5. _____ you agree or not, I’ll marry her.
A. Whether B. Once C. As D. Since
6. He had no sooner went into the house ______ he began hitting his wife.
A. than B. when C. before D. after
7. Nobody can move. Stay _____ you are or I’ll shoot.
A. how B. when C. if D. where
8. Everybody knows that fact ______ smoking and drinking are bad to our health.
A. which B. that C. what D. even if
9. The house is so dirty _____ I have to spend a lot time cleaning it.
A. as B. which C. that D. since
10. I have not gone back home ______ I came here.
A. when B. before C. when D. since
11. I am never absent from school _____ I am sick.
A. if B. until C. unless D. though
12. The first thing that I found was ______ my purse was gone.
A. that B. which C. because D. whether
13. We waited ______ he came back.
A. when B. until C. as soon as D. while
14. He didn’t say _____ or not he would give me a hand.
A. when B. as C. whether D. unless
15. This plant is so big ______ we should move it outside.
A. as B. which C. because D. that
16. ______ I got the phone call, I hurried to the hospital.
A. As soon as B. As long as C. As far as D. As early as
17. ______ you know how useful it is, you can’t do without it.
A. Though B. So that C. Once D. Since
18. I don’t mind who does it ______ it is done.
A. as far as B. as long as C. as soon as D. so far as
19. They didn’t leave the party ______ it was over.
A. when B. until C. before D. as soon as
20. Don’t count your chickens _____ they are hatched.
A. when B. after C. till D. before
21. Do you know the reason ______ he broke up with his girlfriend?
A. that B. why C. when D. where
22. _____ I don’t have time tomorrow, I won’t be able to join the meeting.
A. If B. So C. As if D. Even if
23. ____time once past never returns is known to everybody.
A. Which B. What C. That D. When
24. I have a good idea ______ we take a vacation next week.
A. whose B. that C. which D. if
25. I had no sooner seen him _____ I knew who he was.
A. when B. before C. after D. than
Answer:
1.
B
2.
A
3.
C
4.
D
5.
A
6.
A
7.
D
8.
B
9.
C
10. D
11. C
12. A
13. B
14. C
15. D
16. A
17. C
18. B
19. B
20. D
21. B
22. A
23. C
24. B
25. D
(II) Fill in the blanks: 50%
1. The children ran away _____ they should be punished by their parents.
2. ______ he will come or not doesn’t matter at all.
3. ______ he promised to help me, he didn’t
4. I was very young _____ I met him the first time.
5. So far ____ I am concerned, I don’t like spicy food very much.
6. Write it down _____ ______ you will not forget it.
7. ______ health is important to us, we have to take good care of ourselves.
8. Leave the room _____ it is.
9. He talks ______ _______ he were my father.
10. Thin ______ he is, he is very healthy.
11. I didn’t know the mistake _____ it was too late.
12. ______ you have used it, you will like to have one.
13. He began to cry loudly ____ _____ ______ he heard the bad news.
14. The sad thing was ______ they lost their only child.
15. I waited here ______ ______ I might see my idol.
16. I know the reason ______ he became broke.
17. I will not leave here ______ I see the very person that can help me.
18. _____ more people love me, _______ happier I am.
19. No sooner had he come back ______ he turned on the TV.
20. ____ _____ _____ you keep quiet, you can stay here.
21. Please tell me the time _____ he will come back.
22. _____ _____ you give me a lot of money, I don’t agree with you.
23. Books are to the mind ______ food is to the body.
24. As you sow, _____ shall you reap.
25. When in Rome, do _____ the Romans do.
Answer:
1.
lest
2.
Whether
3.
Though
4.
when
5.
as
6.
so that
7.
Since
8.
as
9.
as if (as
though)
10. as
11. until (till)
12. Once
13. as soon as 14. that
15. so that
16. why
17. until (till)
18. The, the
19. than
20. As long as
21. when
22. Even if
23. what
24. so
25. as
(Even
though)