被動語態：基本形式：be 動詞＋pp
(pp 部分不變，只要把 be 動詞改成各種時式即可。)
一、被動語態的 8 種型態
簡單式：
1. 現在式：am, is, are＋pp
2. 過去式：was, were＋pp
3. 未來式： will, shall＋be＋pp
進行式：
4. 現在進行式：am, is, are＋being＋pp
5. 過去進行式：was, were＋being＋pp
完成式：
6. 現在完成式：have, has＋been＋pp
7. 過去完成式：had＋been＋pp
8. 未來完成式：will, shall＋have＋been＋pp
二、主動語態和被動語態互換之基本句型：
主動改被動：
主動：主詞＋動詞＋受詞＋…
被動：主詞(主動之受詞)＋be 動詞＋P.P＋by＋受詞(主動之主詞)＋…
被動改主動：
被動：主詞＋be 動詞＋P.P＋by＋受詞＋…
主動：主詞 (被動中 by 之後的受詞)＋動詞＋受詞 (被動中之主詞)
(1) 現在式的被動語態和主動語態互換：
(a) 主動改為被動時，要依據被動語態的主詞之人稱與數，選用 am, is, are。
1. He studies English every day.
→ English is studied by him every day.
2. He eats a lot of vegetables every meal.
→ A lot of vegetables are eaten by him every meal.
3. We call him John. (受詞是 him, John 只是受詞補語而已。)
→ He is called John by us.
(b) 被動改為主動時，除了去掉 am, is, are 外，要將 P.P.改為現在式動詞，並
且要注意主詞如為第三人稱單數時，在動詞字尾必須加 s，es，或去掉
y 在加 ies。
1. TV is watched by him every night.
→ He watches TV every night.
2. The floor is swept by him every morning.
→ He sweeps the floor every morning.
1
Exercise: (主動和被動互換)
1. We read English every day.
→ _____________________________________________________________
2. He drinks eight bottles of water every day.
→ _____________________________________________________________
3. We are taught by him this year.
→ _____________________________________________________________
4. He is driven to school by his father every morning.
→ ____________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. English is read by us every day.
2. Eight bottles of water are drunk by him every day.
3. He teaches us this year.
4. His father drives him to school every morning.
2
(2) 過去式的被動語態和主動語態互換：
(a) 主動改為被動時，要依據被動語態的主詞之人稱與數，選用 was 或 were。
1. He did his homework last night.
→ His homework was done by him last night.
2. Mother made some cookies yesterday.
→ Some cookies were made by Mother yesterday.
(b) 被動改為主動時，除了去掉 was, were 外，要將 P.P.改為過去式動詞。
1. Some letters were written by him.
→ He wrote some letters.
2. I was brought up by my grandmother.
→ My grandmother brought me up. (up 是介副詞，人稱代名詞的受詞要放在
它的前面。)
Exercise: (主動和被動互換)
1. The earthquake brought a lot of damage to this area.
→ __________________________________________________________________
2. They bought a new house.
→
3. The house was sold to Mr. White by us.
→ __________________________________________________________________
4. The work was finished by him yesterday.
→ __________________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. A lot of damage was brought to this area by the earthquake.
2. A new house was bought by them.
3. We sold the house to Mr. White.
4. He finished the work yesterday.
3
(3) 未來式的被動語態和主動語態互換：
(a) 主動改為被動時，要依據被動語態的主詞之人稱，選用 will 或 shall。
1. I shall learn a new language next semester.
→ A new language will be learned by me next semester.
2. He will teach us next year..
→ We shall be taught by him next year.
(b) 被動改為主動時，除了去掉原形 be 外，並根據新主詞的人稱選用 shall, will
外，必須將 P.P.改為原形動詞。
1. The meeting will be held by us next week.
→ We shall hold the meeting next week.
2. Some refreshments will be brought by him in a few minutes.
→ He will bring some refreshments in a few minutes.
3. The baby will be called Helen by them.
→They will call the baby Helen.
Exercise: (主動和被動互換)
1. We shall call on him tomorrow.
→ ______________________________________________________________
2. He will visit us tonight.
→ ______________________________________________________________
3. We shall be punished by our teacher soon.
→ ______________________________________________________________
4. The homework will be finished by us in a few minutes.
→ ______________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. He will be called on by us tomorrow.
2. We shall be visited by him tonight.
3. Our teacher will punish us soon.
4. We shall finish the homework in a few minutes.
4
(4) 現在進行式的被動語態和主動語態互換：
(a) 主動改為被動時，要依據被動語態的主詞之人稱與數，選用 am, is, are。
1. They are eating dinner now.
→ Dinner is being eaten by them now.
2. He is writing some letters at present.
→ Some letters are being written by him at present.
(b) 被動改為主動時，除了去掉 being 外，並根據新主詞的人稱選用 am, is, are
外，必須將 P.P.改為現在分詞。
1. My hands are being washed by me now.
→ I am washing my hands now.
2. Some new words are being spelled on the blackboard by our teacher now.
→ Our teacher is spelling some new words on the blackboard now.
Exercise: (主動和被動互換)
1. He is buying some food.
→ ____________________________________________________________
2. I am putting off my jacket.
→ ____________________________________________________________
3. The bread is being baked in the oven by me now.
→ ____________________________________________________________
4. The shoes are being shined by him.
→ ____________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. Some food is being bought by him.
2. My jacket is being put off by me.
3. I am baking the bread in the oven now.
4. He is shining the shoes.
5
(5) 過去進行式的被動語態和主動語態互換：
(a) 主動改為被動時，要依據被動語態的主詞之人稱與數，選用 was 或 were。
1. We were preparing the food then.
→ The food was being prepared by us then.
2. He was doing his work at that time.
→ The work was being done by him at that time.
(b) 被動改為主動時，除了去掉 being 外，並根據新主詞的人稱選用 was 或 were
外，必須將 P.P.改為現在分詞。
1. A heavy suitcase was being carried by her.
→ She was carrying a heavy suitcase.
2. The baby was being fed by the nurse.
→ The nurse was feeding the baby.
Exercise: (主動和被動互換)
1. I was hanging the picture on the wall.
→ _________________________________________________________
2. We were helping him to move his car.
→ _________________________________________________________
3. The stone was being moved by them.
→ _________________________________________________________
4. Mary was being interviewed by her new boss.
→ _________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. The picture was being hung on the wall by me.
2. He was being helped by us to move his car.
3. They were moving the stone.
4. Her new boss was interviewing Mary.
6
(6) 現在完成式的被動語態和主動語態互換：
(a) 主動改為被動時，要依據被動語態的主詞之人稱與數，選用 have 或 has。
1. He has made the same mistake several times.
→ The same mistake has been made several times by him.
2. We have completed the project.
→ The project has been completed by us.
(b) 被動改為主動時，除了根據新主詞的人稱選用 have 或 has 外，必須將 been
去掉。
1. The same book has been read many times by me.
→ I have read the same book many times.
2. The patient has already been taken to the hospital by them.
→ They have already taken the patient to the hospital.
Exercise: (主動和被動互換)
1. They have not finished their work yet.
→ _______________________________________________________________
2. He has already returned those books.
→ _______________________________________________________________
3. The garbage has already been thrown away by her.
→ _______________________________________________________________
4. The ice cream has already been eaten by them.
→ _______________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. Their work has not been finished by them yet.
2. Those books have already been returned by him.
3. She has already thrown away the garbage.
4. They have already eaten the ice cream.
7
(7) 過去完成式的被動語態和主動語態互換：
(a) 主動改被動：只要改主要子句即可
1. They had already sent the patient to the hospital before we arrived.
→ The patient had already been sent to the hospital before we arrived.
2. He had already used up his gasoline before he got to the gas station.
→ His gasoline had already been used up by him before he got to the gas station.
(b) 被動改主動：
1. The car had already been repaired by him before I drove it.
→ He had already repaired the car before I drove it.
2. The baby had already been fed by her before she went out.
→ She had already fed the baby before she went out.
Exercise: (主動和被動互換)
1. My mother had prepared a lot of food before my friends came.
→ _______________________________________________________________
2. Her parents had already punished her before we came here.
→ _______________________________________________________________
3. The windows had already been opened by them before we came to the classroom.
→ _______________________________________________________________
4. All the dishes had already been washed by her when I wanted to help.
→ _______________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. A lot of food had been prepared by my mother before my friends came.
2. She had already been punished by her parents before we came here.
3. They had already opened the windows before we came to the classroom.
4. She had already washed all the dishes before I wanted to help.
8
(8) 未來完成時式的被動語態和主動語態互換：
(a) 主動改為被動時，要依據被動語態的主詞之人稱，選用 will 或 shall。
1. We shall have finished the program by the end of this year.
→ The program will have been finished by us by the end of this year.
2. He will have known the fact when I reveal the secret.
→ The fact will have been known by him when I reveal the secret.
(b) 被動改為主動時，除了去掉 been 外，並根據新主詞的人稱選用 shall, will。
1. The book will have been read by me four times by me by the end of this
semester.
→ I shall have read the book four times by the end of this semester.
2. English will have been learned for 10 years by me this time next year.
→ I shall have leaned English for 10 years this time next year.
Exercise: (主動和被動互換)
1. They will have done everything when we come to see them next time.
→ _____________________________________________________
2. We shall have bought a new car when our new baby is born next year.
→ _____________________________________________________
3. Dinner will have been prepared by Mother when we go back tonight.
→ _____________________________________________________
4. All the clothing will have been put on the models by us when the store opens
tomorrow.
→ __________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. Everything will have been done by them when we come to see them next time.
2. A new car will have been bought by us when our new baby is born next year.
3. Mother will have prepared dinner when we go back tonight.
4. We shall have put all the clothing on the models when the store opens tomorrow.
9
九、其它助動詞的被動語態：
主詞＋助動詞＋be＋P.P；主詞＋助動詞＋have＋been＋P.P.
(a) 主動改被動：
1. We can help him. → He can be helped by us.
2. You should finish the work before the deadline.
→ The work should be finished by you before the deadline.
3. He must give back the money at once.
→ The money must be given back by him at once.
4. You ought to take some medicine.
→ Some medicine ought to be taken by you.
5. We may have finished the work when you come tomorrow.
→ The work may have been finished by us when you come tomorrow.
(b) 被動改主動：
1. The shirt should be ironed by me.
→ I should iron the shirt.
2. He may be punished by his teacher.
→ His teacher may punish him.
3. The car must be stolen by someone whom you are familiar with.
→ Someone whom you are familiar with must steal the car.
4. The coat may have been worn out by me when I give it back it to you.
→ I may have worn out the coat when I give it back to you.
Exercise:
1. You must finish all the work by tomorrow. .
→ ___________________________________________________
2. He can fix the car for me. .
→ ___________________________________________________
3. A lot of work can be done in a day by him.
→ ___________________________________________________
4. The book must have been read by many people.
→ ___________________________________________________
5. We may have sold our old house to John.
→ __________________________________________________
Answer:
1. All the work must be finished by you by tomorrow. .
2. The car can be fixed for me by him.
3. He can do a lot of work in a day.
4. Many people must have read the book.
5. Our old house may have been sold to John by us.
10
十、主詞＋be going to＋原行動詞＋受詞
主詞＋be about to＋原行動詞＋受詞
主詞＋have( has) to＋原行動詞＋受詞
以上三種的被動語態均是把主動的受詞拿來當被動語態的主詞，然後放 be
going to，be about to 或 have (has) to，再加 be，再把原行動詞改成過去分詞，
再加 by，再加受詞 (主動的主詞)。
1. He is going to teach us next year.
→ We are going to be taught by him.
2. He is about to eat his lunch.
→ His lunch is about to be eaten by him.
3. You have to take an umbrella.
→ An umbrella has to be taken by you.
4. We are going to do our homework.
→ Our homework is going to be done by us.
5. He has to give up his plan.
→ His plan has to be given up by him.
Exercise:
1. We are going to buy a new car.
→ ____________________________________________________
2. He is going to find a new job.
→ ____________________________________________________
3. He is about to put off his shoes.
→ ___________________________________________________
4. We have to hand in our papers before the deadline.
→ ___________________________________________________
5. He has to repair his car.
→ _____________________________________________________
Answer:
1. A new car is going to be bought by us.
2. A new job is going to be found by him.
3. His shoes is about to be put off by him.
4. Our papers have to be handed in by us before the deadline.
5. His car has to be repaired by him.
11
三、動詞片語的語態變化：
(1) 由「不及物動詞＋介系詞或介副詞」所形成的動詞片語，在語態變換中，
介係詞或介副詞仍然要放在動詞的後面，不可丟掉。
1. He is looking for his lost dog.
→ His lost dog is being looked for by him.
2. I will take care of my sister’s kids.
→ My sister’s kids will be taken care of by me.
3. I have already turned off the radio.
→ The radio has already been turned off by me.
4. I put on my sweater because it was very cold.
→ My sweater was put on by me because it was very cold.
5. We called off the game.
→ The game was called off by us.
(2) 「不及物動詞＋副詞＋介係詞」時，在語態變換中，要注意副詞的位置。
1. We all looked down upon him.
→ He was looked down upon by us.
2. He spoke ill of John.
→ John was spoken ill of by him.
3. I can’t catch up with him.
→ He can’t be caught up with by me.
Exercise:
1. We called at the museum yesterday.
→ _______________________________________________________________
2. He has already given up that plan.
→ _______________________________________________________________
3. The fire fighters are putting out the fire.
→ _______________________________________________________________
4. He blew out all the candles.
→ ________________________________________________________________
5. We have run out of all our money.
→ _______________________________________________________________
6. He got rid of all the bad habits.
→ ______________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. The museum was called at by us yesterday.
2. That plan has already been given up by him.
3. The fire is being put out by the fire fighters.
12
4. All the candles were blown out by him.
5. Our money has been run out of by us.
6. All the bad habits were got rid of by him.
13
四、 在「主詞＋不完全及物動詞＋受詞＋受詞補語」的句型中，不要把受詞補
語拿來當被動語態的主詞。不完全及物動詞包含：call, ,make, choose,
consider, believe, think, regard。
1. We call him “Honor of Taiwan”.
(him 是受詞；”Honor of Taiwan’是受詞補語。)
→ “Honor of Taiwan” is called him by us. (×) (“Honor of Taiwan” 是受詞補
語，不是受詞。)
→ He is called “Honor of Taiwan” by us. (○)
2. We have chosen John our class leader.
((John 是受詞；our class leader 是受詞補語。)
→ John has been chosen our class leader by us. (○)
(John 是受詞，our class leader 是受詞補語，不是受詞。)
→ Our class leader has been chosen John by us. (×).
Exercise:
1. We think him one of the greatest inventors.
→ _________________________________________________________________
2. I believe my father an honest person.
→ _________________________________________________________________
3. We have regarded Beethoven a great musician.
→ ________________________________________________________________
4. I chose him my advisor.
→ ________________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. He is thought one of the greatest inventors by us.
2. My father is believed an honest person by me.
3. Beethoven has been regarded a great musician by us.
4. He was chosen my advisor by me.
14
五、感官動詞在主動與態中，可用現在分詞或原行動詞來當受詞補語，但改為被
動語態時，原來的原形動詞必須變成不定詞，原來的現在分詞還是用現在分
詞。
1. I saw him walk into the room.
→ He was seen to walk into the room by me.
2. I felt the earth quake.
→ The earth was felt to quake by me.
3. I heard him sing happily.
→ He was heard to sing happily.
4. I listened to him playing the piano.
→ He was listened to playing the piano.
5. We saw her standing in front of your house.
→ She was seen standing in front of your house by us.
6. We heard her crying loudly.
→ She was heard crying loudly by us.
Exercise:
1. He was seen _______ a lot of money with him.
A. taken B. took C. to take C. take
2. We heard him ______ ill of other people.
A. spoke B. speaks C. to speak D. speaking
3. I see him _____ a walk in the park every day.
A. take B. took C. takes D. to take
4. He was heard _____ loudly in the next room.
A. spoke B. speaking C. speaks D. speak
5. Did you watch him ______ baseball last night?
A. playing B. played C. plays D. to play
Answer:
1.
C
2.
D
3.
A
4.
15
B
5.
A
六、使役動詞後的受詞補語，在主動語態中要用原形動詞，但在被動語態中則要
改為不定詞。
1. I have made my son clean his room.
→ My son has been made to clean his room by me.
2. I had Mary cook dinner.
→ Mary was had to cook dinner by me.
3. Our teacher made us do a lot of homework.
→ We were made to do a lot of homework by our teacher..
4. I will make him carry the bag for me.
→ He will be made to carry the bag for me by me.
Exercise:
1. (
) He let me _____ in.
2. (
3. (
4. (
5. (
A. come B. to come C. coming D. came
) I had him _____ my car.
A. to repair B. repairing C. repair D. repaired
) I was made ______ the blackboard.
A. erase B. erasing C. to erase C. erased
) He has been made ______ TV.
A. to not watch B. not watch C. not watching D. not to watch
) We let the little girl ______ the game first.
A. playing B. play C. to play D. played
Answer:
1.
A
2.
C
3.
C
4.
16
D
5.
B
七、與格動詞的被動語態：
(a) 與格動詞的兩個受詞，即直接受詞和間接受詞，都可以當被動語態的主詞。
1. I will give him some money.
→ He will be given some money by me.
→ Some money will be given him by me.
2. He has taught us English for one year.
→ We have been taught English by him for one year.
→ English has been taught us by him for one year.
3. He asked me many questions.
→ I was asked many questions by him.
→Many questions were asked me by him.
(b) 在主動與態中，當直接受詞在前，間接受詞在後時，通常要加一個介係詞；
當改為被動語態時，如果主詞是直接受詞時，這個介係詞可以保留，也可
以省略；如果主詞是間接受詞時，介係詞要省略。
1. He is asking a question of me.
→ A question is being asked (of) me by him.
→ I am being asked a question by him.
2. She told a story to us.
→ A story was told (to) us by her.
→ We were told a story by her.
(c) 但是 read, sing, sell, write, bring, do, make, pass 等動詞當與格動詞時，只能
用直接受詞 (事物)當被動語態的主詞，絕不可用間接受詞(人)來當被動語
態的主詞。
1. He wrote a letter to Mary.
→ A letter was written (to) Mary by him.
≠ Mary was written a letter by him. (×)
2. He made a chair for me.
→ A chair was made (for) me by him.
≠ I was made a chair by him. (×)
3. He will bring me a piece of paper.
→ A piece of paper will be brought me by him.
≠ I shall be brought a piece of paper by him.
Exercise:
1. He is telling his kids a story.
→ _________________________________________________
→ _________________________________________________
17
2. I will send her a present.
→ ______________________________________________________
→ ______________________________________________________
3. He brought me some flowers.
→ ______________________________________________________
4. He will teach us English.
→ _______________________________________________________
→ ________________________________________________________
5. Mother made some cookies for us.
→ _________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. His kids are being told a story by him.
A story is being told (to) his kids by him.
2. She will be sent a present by me.
A present will be sent her by me.
3. Some flowers were brought me by him.
4. We shall be taught English by him.
English will be taught us by him.
5. Some cookies were made (for) us by Mother.
18
八、主動語態的動詞之受詞為名詞子句時，其被動語態有兩種形式：
(a) 用形式主詞 It 代替名詞子句，做被動語態的主詞，而將主要子句的主詞改
成被動的形式，但名詞子句不變化，仍然放在過去分詞之後。
1. People say that he is very rich.
→ It is said that he is very rich.
2. They said that he had moved to another place.
→ It was said that he had moved to another place.
3. People say that he was handsome in his youth.
→ It is said that he was handsome in his youth.
(b) 用名詞子句的主詞做被動語態的主詞，然後將主動語態的動詞改為被動的
形式，最後將名詞子句的動詞改為不定詞的形式。如果主要子句的動詞時
式和從属子句的時式一致時，則用簡單式的不定詞 (to＋原形動詞)；如果
主要子句的動詞時式和從属子句的時式不一致時，則用完成式的不定詞
(to＋have＋P.P.)。
1. They say that she is smart. (主要子句和從属子句同為現在式)
→ She is said to be smart.
2. People said that she was stingy. (主要子句和從属子句同為過去式)
→ She was said to be stingy.
3. People say that he was rich in his youth.
(主要子句和從属子句時式
不一致，主要子句是現在式，從属子句是過去式。)
→ He is said to have been rich in his youth.
4. They said that she had married an old millionaire. (主要子句和從属子句
時式不一致，主要子句是過去式，從属子句是過去完成式。)
→ She was said to have married an old millionaire.
Exercise:
1. People say that he has a lot of money.
→ ___________________________________________________
→ ___________________________________________________
2. They say that he had a lot of money.
→ ___________________________________________________
→ ___________________________________________________
3. People said that he was knowledgeable.
→ ___________________________________________________
→ ___________________________________________________
4. They said that she had made a fortune in the USA.
19
→ ___________________________________________________
→ ___________________________________________________
Answer:
1. It is said that he has a lot of money.
He is said to have a lot of money.
2. It is said that he had a lot of money.
He is said to have had a lot of money.
3. It was said that he was knowledgeable.
He was said to be knowledgeable.
4. It was said that she had made a fortune in the USA.
She was said to have made a fortune in the USA.
20
九、被動語態中，by＋受詞的省略：
(1) 主動改為被動：
(a) 如果行為者泛指一般的人時， by＋受詞就可省。
1. People speak English in the USA.
→ English is spoken in the USA (by people).
2. They sell a variety of things in a department store.
→ A variety of things are sold in a department store (by them).
(b) 如果行為者不清楚時，by＋受詞就可省。
1. Someone stole my car.
→ My car was stolen (by someone).
2. Someone picked up my purse.
→ My purse was picked up (by someone).
(c) 從前後文意可以知道行為者，by＋受詞就可省。
1. The Japanese speak Japanese in Japan.
→ Japanese is spoken in Japan.
2. We can repair our cars in an auto shop.
→ Our cars can be repaired in an auto shop (by us)
(2) 被動改為主動：在被動語態中，如果沒有看到 by＋受詞的部份，在改成主
動時，要看前後文意，斟酌情況，自己加一個主詞在主動語態中。
1. The house was built in 1849.
→ They built the house in 1849.
2. Eggs are sold in dozens.
→ People sell eggs in dozens.
3. My money was stolen.
→ Somebody stole my money.
Exercise: (主動和被動之互換)
1. We eat three meals every day.
→
2. People have to pay income tax in May.
→
3. Everybody should buy a ticket when taking a train.
→
1. My book was taken.
→
5. Chinese is spoken in China.
→
Answer:
1. Three meals are eaten every day.
21
2. Income tax has to be paid in May.
3. A ticket should be bought when taking a train.
4. Someone took my book.
5. People (The Chinese) speak Chinese in China.
22
十、被動語態的介係詞通常要用 by，但也有不用 by 的情形：
下列被動語態不用 by:
1. be interested in
2. be satisfied with
3. be pleased with
4. be delighted with
5. be known to
6. be surprised at
7. be astonished at
8. be bored with
9. be excited about
10. disappointed with (about)
例：
1. Color pictures interest children.
→ Children are interested in color pictures.
2. Your behavior satisfied me very much.
→ I was satisfied with your behavior.
3. Your attendance will please everybody of us.
→ Everybody of us will be pleased with your attendance.
4. His joke has delighted the guests.
→ The guests has been delighted with his joke.
5. We know the legend.
→ The legend is known to us.
6.His sudden death surprised all of us.
→ All of us were surprised at his sudden death.
7. His dirty words astonished me.
→ I was astonished at his dirty words.
8. His tedious speech bored all the audience.
→ All the audience were bored with his tedious speech.
9. The video game excited both the adults and the children.
→ Both the adults and the children were excited about the video games.
10. His bad performance disappointed us.
→ We were disappointed with his bad performance.
23
Exercise:
1. Action movies interest him.
→ ________________________________________________________
2. His failure surprised all of us.
→ ________________________________________________________
3. The baseball game will excite my father.
→ _________________________________________________________
4. Doing the same thing has already bored the little boy.
→ ________________________________________________________
5. His poor scores didn’t satisfy his parents.
→ ________________________________________________________
6. We all know him.
→ ________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. He is interested in action movies.
2. All of us were surprised at his failure.
3. My father will be excited about the baseball game.
4. The little boy has already been bored with doing the same thing.
5. His parents weren’t satisfied with his poor scores.
6. He is known to us all.
24
十一、疑問句的被動語態：
(1) 現在式：
主動→ Do (Does)＋主詞＋原行動詞＋受詞＋…?
被動→ Am, Is, Are＋主詞 (主動的受詞)＋P.P.＋by＋受詞 (主動的主詞)＋…?
1. Do people speak English in Australia?
→ Is English spoken (by people) in Australia?
2. Does they sell eggs by the dozen?
→Are eggs sold (by them) by the dozen?
3. Do you love me forever?
→ Am I loved by you forever?
(2) 過去式：
主動→ Did＋主詞＋原行動詞＋受詞＋…?
被動→ Was, Were＋主詞 (主動的受詞)＋P.P.＋by＋受詞 (主動的主詞)＋…?
1. Did he write the novel?
→ Was the novel written by him?
2. Did you see us before?
→ Were we seen by you before?
3. Did he break the windows?
→ Were the windows broken by him?
(3) 未來式：
主動→ Will, Shall＋主詞＋原行動詞＋受詞＋…?
被動→ Will, Shall＋主詞 (主動的受詞)＋be＋P.P.＋by＋受詞 (主動的主詞)
＋…?
1. Shall we invite him to our party?
→ Will he be invited to our party by us?
2. Will he teach us next year?
→ Shall we be taught by him next year?
3. Will she bring us some drinks?
→ Will some drinks be brought us by her?
Exercise:
1. Does basketball interest him?
→ ________________________________________________________________
2. Do you call him Peter?
→ ________________________________________________________________
3. Does he see you practice the piano every day?
→ ________________________________________________________________
25
4. Did you buy any food yesterday?
→ _________________________________________________________________
5. Did he give you a present?
→ __________________________________________________________________
→ __________________________________________________________________
6. Did somebody steal your car?
→ _________________________________________________________________
7. Will you make some cookies?
→ _________________________________________________________________
8. Will you clean your house tomorrow?
→ __________________________________________________________________
9. Will he take care of your dog while you are away?
→ __________________________________________________________________
10. Will you add it to your shopping list?
→ __________________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. Is he interested in basketball?
2. Is he called Peter by you?
3. Are you seen to practice the piano by him every day?
4. Was any food bought by you yesterday?
5. Were you given a present by him?
Was a present given you by him?
6. Was your car stolen (by somebody)?
7. Will some cookies be made by you?
8. Will your house be cleaned by him while you are away?
9. Will your dog be taken care of by him while you are away?
10. Will it be added to your shopping list (by you)?
26
(4) 現在進行式：
主動：Am, Is, Are＋主詞＋現在分詞＋受詞＋…?
被動：Am, Is, Are＋主詞 (主動的受詞)＋being＋過去分詞＋by＋受詞 (主動
的主詞)＋…?
1. Is he cooking dinner now?
→ Is dinner being cooked by him now?
2. Are you doing your homework now?
→ Is your homework being done (by you) now?
3. Is she putting away the toys now?
→ Are the toys being put away by her now?
(5) 過去進行式：
主動：Was, Were＋主詞＋現在分詞＋受詞＋…?
被動：Was, Were＋主詞 (主動的受詞)＋being＋過去分詞＋by＋受詞 (主動的
主詞)＋…?
1. Was he writing a letter then?
→ Was a letter being written by him then?
2. Was your mother preparing for a picnic at that time?
→ Was a picnic being prepared for by your mother at that time?
3. Was he taking his shoes off when you walked into the room?
→ Were his shoes being taken off by him when you walked into the room?
Exercise:
1. Am I telling a joke now?
→ _________________________________________________________
2. Is she teaching you how to dance?
→ _________________________________________________________
3. Are you making some cookies for me?
→ _________________________________________________________
4. Were you feeding your baby some milk?
→ _________________________________________________________
→ _________________________________________________________
5. Was he watching you playing the video game?
→ _________________________________________________________
6. Are you looking at that beautiful girl?
→ _________________________________________________________
27
Answer:
1. Is a joke being told by me now?
2. Are you being taught how to dance by her?
3. Are some cookies being made for me by you?
4. Was your baby being fed some milk by you?
Was some milk being fed your baby by you?
5. Were you being watched playing the video game by him?
6. Is that beautiful girl being looked at by you?
28
(6) 現在完成式：
主動：Have, Has＋主詞＋P.P.＋受詞…?
被動：Have, Has＋主詞(主動的受詞)＋been＋P.P.＋by＋受詞 (主動的主詞)
＋…?
1. Have you finished your work?
→ Has your work been finished by you?
2. Has he read the book many times?
→ Has the book been read many times by him?
3. Has she visited many places in Taiwan?
→ Have many places in Taiwan been visited by her?
(7) 過去完成式：
主動：Had＋主詞＋P.P.＋受詞…?
被動：Had＋主詞(主動的受詞)＋been＋P.P.＋by＋受詞 (主動的主詞)＋…?
1. Had he seen a lion before we took him to Taipei Zoo?
→ Had a lion been seen by him before we took him to Taipei Zoo?
2. Had they learned the language before they went to that country?
→ Had the language been learned by them before they went to that country?
3. Had you warned him before he took the risk?
→ Had he been warned by you before he took the risk?
(8) 未來完成式：
主動：Will, Shall＋主詞＋have＋P.P.＋受詞…?
被動：Will, Shall＋主詞(主動的受詞)＋have＋been＋P.P.＋by＋受詞 (主動的
主詞)＋…?
1. Will you have taught English for 20 years at the end of this year?
→ Will English have been taught for 20 years by you at the end of this year?
2. Will he have looked after his sick father for over five years this time next year?
→ Will his sick father have been looked after by him for over five years this time
next year?
Exercise:
1. Have you ever eaten such strange food?
→ ________________________________________________________________
2. Has he ever taught you?
→ ________________________________________________________________
3. Had he bought everything that he needed before he set out his journey?
→ _______________________________________________________________
4. Had you finished your work before you went out for a movie?
→ ______________________________________________________________
29
5. Will you have paid off all the money that you owe the bank the year after next?
→ _________________________________________________________________
6. Will he have bought the house that he likes so much when I come back next time?
→ _________________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. Has such strange food ever been eaten by you?
2. Have you ever been taught by him?
3. Had everything that he needed been bought before he set out his journey?
4. Had your work been finished (by you) before you went out for a movie?
5. Will all the money that you owe the bank been paid of (by you) f the year after
next?
6. Will the house that he likes so much have been bought (by him) when I come back
next time?
30
(9) 以其它助動詞為首的疑問句：
(a) 簡單式：
主動：其它助動詞＋主詞＋原行動詞＋受詞＋… ?
被動：其它助動詞＋主詞＋be＋P.P.＋by＋受詞＋…?
1. Can you finish the work tomorrow?
→ Can the work be finished by you tomorrow?
2. Should I tell him the truth? (tell 是語格動詞，有兩個受詞，一為直接，一為
間接)
→ Should he be told the truth by me?
→ Should the truth be told him by me?
3. May I eat the ice cream?
→ May the ice cream be eaten by me?
(b) 完成式：
主動：其它助動詞＋主詞＋have＋P.P.＋受詞＋… ?
被動：其它助動詞＋主詞＋have＋been＋P.P.＋by＋受詞＋…?
1. Can you have finished the work before the deadline?
→ Can the work have been finished by you before the deadline?
2. Should you have handed in your paper yesterday?
→ Should your paper have been handed in (by you) yesterday?
Exercise:
1. Must I buy such an expensive car?
→ __________________________________________________________
2. Could you give the poor little boy some money?
→ ___________________________________________________________
→ ___________________________________________________________
3. Would you lend me some money?
→ ___________________________________________________________
→ ___________________________________________________________
4. Should you have sent the letter last week?
→ ___________________________________________________________
5. Can you have known all the fact when everything is too late?
→ __________________________________________________________
31
Answer:
1. Must such an expensive car be bought by me?
2. Could the poor little boy be given some money by you?
Could some money be given the poor little boy by you?
3. Would some money be lent me by you?
Would I be lent some money by you?
4. Should the letter have been sent by you last week?
5. Can all the fact have been known to you when everything is too late?
32
十二、以疑問代名詞 who 為首的疑問句：
(1) 現在式：
主動：Who＋第三人稱單數的動詞＋受詞＋…?
被動：By whom＋am, is, are＋主詞 (原來主動語態中的受詞)＋P.P.＋…?
1. Who cooks three meals for you?
→ By whom are three meals cooked for you?
2. Who drives you to work?
→ By whom are you driven to work?
(2) 過去式：
主動：Who＋過去式動詞＋受詞＋…?
被動：→ By whom＋was, were＋主詞 (原來主動語態中的受詞)＋P.P.＋…?
1. Who broke the windows?
→ By whom were the windows broken?
2. Who taught you English last year?
→ By whom were you taught English last year?
→ By whom was English taught you last year?
(3) 未來式：
主動：Who＋will, shall＋原形動詞＋受詞＋…?
被動：→ By whom＋will, shall＋主詞 (原來主動語態中的受詞)＋be＋P.P.
＋…?
1. Who will take you to the hospital?
→ By whom will you be taken to the hospital?
2. Who will paint the wall?
→ By whom will the wall be painted?
3. Who will give us money?
→ By whom shall we be given money?
→ By whom will money be given us?
Exercise:
1. Who washes clothes for you?
→ _______________________________________________________________
2. Who takes the children to school every morning?
→ _______________________________________________________________
3. Who drove you to school?
→ ______________________________________________________________
4. Who grew the vegetables?
→ ______________________________________________________________
33
5. Who sold the car to you?
→ ________________________________________________________________
→ ________________________________________________________________
6. Who saw him break the window?
→ ________________________________________________________________
7. Who will open the door for you?
→ _______________________________________________________________
8. Who will pay you the money?
→ _______________________________________________________________
→ _______________________________________________________________
9. Who will throw away the trash?
→ _________________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. By whom are clothes washed for you?
2. By whom are the children taken to school every morning?
3. By whom were you driven to school?
4. By whom were the vegetables grown?
5. By whom were you sold the car?
By whom was the car sold you?
6. By whom was he seen to break the window?
7. By whom will the door be opened for you?
8. By whom will you be paid the money?
By whom will the money be paid you?
9. By whom will the trash be thrown away?
34
(4) 現在進行式：
主動：Who＋is＋主詞＋現在分詞＋受詞＋…?
被動： By whom＋am, is, are＋主詞 (原來主動語態中的受詞)＋being＋P.P.
＋…?
1. Who is teaching you English now?
→ By whom are you being taught English now?
→ By whom is English being taught you now?
2. Who is singing that song now?
→ By whom is that song being sung now?
(5) 過去進行式：
主動：Who＋was＋主詞＋現在分詞＋受詞＋…?
被動： By whom＋was, were＋主詞 (原來主動語態中的受詞)＋being＋P.P.
＋…?
1. Who was reading the book?
→ By whom was the book being read?
2. Who was making the cookies?
→ By whom were the cookies being made?
Exercise:
1. Who is singing the song?
→ __________________________________________________________________
2. Who is drawing the picture?
→ _________________________________________________________________
3. Who was washing the dishes?
→ _________________________________________________________________
4. Who was flying the plane?
→ _________________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. By whom is the song being sung?
2. By whom is the picture being drawn?
3. By whom were the dishes being washed?
4. By whom was the plane being flown?
35
(6) 現在完成式：
主動：Who＋has＋P.P.＋受詞＋…?
被動：By whom＋has, have＋主詞 (原來主動語態中的受詞)＋been＋pp＋…?
1. Who has taken my notebook?
→ By whom has my notebook been taken?
2. Who has seen him help you?
→ By whom has he been seen to help you?
(7)過去完成式：
主動：Who＋had＋P.P.＋受詞＋…?
被動：By whom＋had＋主詞 (原來主動語態中的受詞)＋been＋pp＋…?
1. Who had taken care of him before we came?
→ By whom had he been taken care of before we came?
2. Who had put the food on my table before I came back?
→ By whom had the food been put on my table before I came back?
(8) 未來完成式：
主動：Who＋will＋have＋P.P.＋受詞＋…?
被動：By whom＋will＋主詞 (原來主動語態中的受詞)＋have＋been＋pp＋…?
1. Who will have finished the work by the end of this week?
→ By whom will the work have been finished at the end of this week?
2. Who will have bought that house after it has been built?
→ By whom will that house have been bought after it has been built?
Exercise:
1. Who has ever seen that lost child?
→ _______________________________________________________________
2. Who has collected these match boxes?
→ ________________________________________________________________
3. Who had taken her home before I arrived?
→ ________________________________________________________________
4. Who had bought that house before we planned to?
→ _______________________________________________________________
5. Who will have read all the books this time next month?
→ _______________________________________________________________
6. Who will have completed the work before the teacher comes back?
→ _______________________________________________________________
36
Answer:
1. By whom has that lost child been seen?
2. By whom have these match boxes been collected?
3. Bt whom had she been taken home before I arrived here?
4. By whom had that house been bought before we planned to?
5. By whom will all these books have been read this time next month?
6. By whom will the work have been completed before the teacher comes back?
37
十三：祈使句的被動語態：
(1) 對第二人稱的祈使句
肯定句：
主動→原行動詞＋受詞＋…
被動→Let＋受詞＋be＋P.P.＋…
1. Open the window.
→ Let the window be opened.
2. Do the work by yourself.
→ Let the work be done by yourself.
否定句：
主動→Don’t＋原行動詞＋受詞＋…
被動→Don’t’＋Let＋受詞＋be＋P.P.＋…
1. Don’t answer the telephone.
→ Don’t let the telephone be answered.
2. Don’t make the same mistake again.
→ Don’t let the same mistake be made again.
Exercise:
1. Do the work at once.
→ _______________________________________________________________
2. Write a letter home.
→ _______________________________________________________________
3. Repair my car now.
→ _______________________________________________________________
4. Don’t litter the trash.
→ _______________________________________________________________
5. Don’t close the door.
→ _______________________________________________________________
6. Don’t give up the plan.
→ _______________________________________________________________
38
Answer:
1. Let the work be done at once.
2. Let a letter be written home.
3. Let my car be repaired now.
4. Don’t let the trash be littered.
5. Don’t let the door be closed.
6. Don’t let the plan be given up.
39
(2) 對於第一和第三人稱的祈使句：
肯定句：
主動→ Let＋受詞 1＋原行動詞＋受詞 2＋…
被動→ Let＋受詞 2＋be＋P.P.＋by＋受詞 1＋…
1. Let him drive the car.
→ Let the car be driven by him.
2. Let us help him.
→Let him be helped by us.
否定句：
主動→ Don’t＋ Let＋受詞 1＋原行動詞＋受詞 2＋…
被動→ Don’t＋Let＋受詞 2＋be＋P.P.＋by＋受詞 1＋…
1. Don’t let her drive that car.
→ Don’t let that be driven by her.
2. Don’t let me carry the heavy box.
→ Don’t let the heavy box be carried by me.
Exercise:
1. Let us wait for her.
→ ___________________________________________________________
2. Let him drink some water.
→ __________________________________________________________
3. Don’t let her see me.
→ ___________________________________________________________
4. Don’t let me pick up the dirty paper.
→ __________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. Let her be waited for by us.
2. Let some water be drunk by him.
3. Don’t let me be seen by her.
4. Don’t let the dirty paper be picked up by me.
40
Test yourself (60 分以下得重做題目，60 分以上才列出答案且可繼續下一課)
Multiple choice: 60%
1. America ________ by Columbus in 1492.
A. had been discovered
B. has discovered
C. was discovering
D. was discovered
2. She was never heard _______ to her hometown.
A. return B. returning C. to return D. returned
3. Tom was seen ______ in the park.
A. playing B. play C. played D. plays
4. The boy _______ by his mother.
A. was punishing B. was being punished C. will punish D. has be punished
5. After the students had done all the exercise, they ______ to play basketball.
A. were allowing B. were allowed C. allowed D. have allowed
6. All of the work ______ before I went back.
A. had done B. had being done C. had been done D. has been done
7. He _____ painting.
A. is interesting in B. interests C. in interesting to D. is interested in
8. The house _________ by him.
A. is going to be selling B. is going to sell C. is gone to be sold
D. is going to be sold.
9. ______ were the dishes washed?
A. By whom B. Who C. By who D. To whom
10. The girls ______ the floor.
A. were made sweep B. were made to sweep C. were made swept
D. were made to sweeping
11. The house ______.
A. is being built B. was been to build C. was been built D. is building
12. The work _______ in three days.
A. must finish B. must be finishing C. must be finished D. must was finished
13. Say those words again, _____ I’ll knock you down.
A. and B. but C. so D although
14. He not only plays all day _____.
A. and spends a lot of money B. because he has free time
C. but also spends a lot of money D. as well as wastes a lot of money
15. Is dinner _____ by Mother?
A. been cooked B. being cooked C. being cooking D. be cooked
16. The man must be crazy, _____ he laughs at one time and cries at another
A. yet B. though
C. for D. so
41
17. Bob has to change some money, _____ Mary.
A. so has B. so does C. neither has D. either does
18. ______ you study hard, you will pass the exam.
A. Even though B. That C. As long as D. As far as
19. He is ____ a teacher and a writer.
A. not only B. both C. either D. neither
20. Not only he but also I ______ going with you.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
21. He as well as you _____ allowed to go with me.
A. is B. are C. am D. had
22. Neither you nor he ______ my good friend.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
23. One more minute, _____I’ll beat you.
A. if B. so C. and D. when
24. He is ______ at home or in his office.
A. and B. either C. neither D. not only
25. I don’t mind who does it _____ it can be done.
A. as soon as B. as far as C. as well as D. as long as
26. Now ____ you ask me, I’ll do it for you.
A. that B. if C. for D. when
27. Let the girl ______ home.
A. take B. taken C. be taken D. taking
28. My car ______ to him.
A. has sold B. will be sold C. was selling C. has being sold
29. Can our coffee _____ now?
A. serving B. serve C. be served D. will be served
30. When will the money ______ back?
A. be given B. give C. has been given D. have give
Answer:
1.
D 2.
C 3.
A 4.
B 5.
B 6.
C 7.
D 8.
D 9.
A 10. B
11. A 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. C
21. A 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. A
主動和被動互換：40%
1. Leave the door open.→ __________________________________________
42
2. Don’t turn on the oven. → _______________________________________
3. Let John buy the ticket. → ________________________________________
4. Who is preparing the food? → ______________________________________
5. Who has read those stories? → _____________________________________
6. Somebody gave me your address.
→ ______________________________________________________________
→ ______________________________________________________________
7. People say that he made a lot of money .
→It ______________________________________________________________
→ He ___________________________________________________________
8. He has written many letters.
→ ______________________________________________________________
9. We heard him make a speech in public.
→ ______________________________________________________________
10. We will call off the meeting if it rains.
→ ______________________________________________________________
11. They believed him their lost son.
→ ________________________________________________________________
12. Who took away my car key?
→ ________________________________________________________________
13. Take him out right now.
→ ________________________________________________________________
14. Let me take care of the little child.
→ ________________________________________________________________
15. He was sending e-mails to his friends when we came back.
→ ________________________________________________________________
→ ________________________________________________________________
16. The Christmas tree is being decorated by them.
→ _________________________________________________________________
17. The work has been done by him.
→ ________________________________________________________________
18. By whom have the windows been broken?
→ _______________________________________________________________
19. Was her baby being fed by the mother?
→ ______________________________________________________________
20. He was seen to break into my house.
→ _______________________________________________________________
43
Answer:
1. Let the door be left open.
2. Don’t let the oven be turned on.
3. Let the ticket be bought by John.
4. By whom is the food being prepared?
5. By whom have the stories been read?
6. I was given your address by somebody.
Your address was given me by somebody.
7. It is said that he made a lot of money.
He is said to have made a lot of money.
8. Many letters have been written by him.
9. He was heard to make a speech in public by us.
10. The meeting will be called off by us if it rains.
11. He was believed their lost son by them.
12. By whom was my car key taken away?
13. Let him be taken out right now.
14. Let the little child be taken care of by me.
15. E-mails were being sent to his friends by him when we came back.
His friend were being sent E-mails by him when we came back.
16. They are decorating the Christmas tree.
17. He has done the work.
18. Who has broken the windows?
19. Was the mother feeding her baby?
20. People (Someone) saw him break into my house.
44