淫羊藿
一 名稱
二 來源
三 生產地
四 性味
五 活性成分或主要化學成分
六 傳統用途
七 中醫藥用途
八 藥理作用
九 用法及劑量
十 不良反應、副作用及注意事項
參考
郭綜合醫院
蘇士銘醫師
1
名稱
拉丁名稱: Herbra Epimedii
英文名稱: Epimedium
拉丁學名: Epimedium brevicornum Maxim
中文名稱: 仙靈脾 / 淫羊藿
漢語拼音: Xian Ling Pi/ Yin Yang Huo
來源為小蘗科植物箭葉淫羊藿或淫羊藿等的枝葉。[1]
生產地 差不多分佈在中國各地，主要生長在高山地
帶。[2]
性味 性溫、味甘甜[1]
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蘇士銘醫師
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活性成分或主要化學成分[3]
淫羊藿
葉麻酸
油酸
棕櫚酸
固醇
苯
鞣酸
維生素E
黃酮
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傳統用途
由於其益氣靜心功效，淫羊藿常被用來舒緩壓力及疲
勞。中國民間醫師常以紅酒加入淫羊藿(100g-200g，
臨床劑量10倍)和烏賊煎劑來治療因負擔過度而導致的
疲勞及體弱。[5]
淫羊藿能治療疲勞及心神恍惚的機制是給腦部供應足
夠血液。[6]
淫羊藿是春藥酒常含的成分之一，淫羊藿葉煎劑作春
藥用途更是歷史由久。
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中醫藥用途
1. 補腎、壯陽及補氣。
2. 治腎陽虛所致的陽痿、肝硬化、遺精、遺尿、尿頻、
腰膝痠痛、不孕等。
3. 歸肝、腎經。
4. 健筋骨、袪風濕：治療風濕痹痛、四肢麻木或拘攣，
風濕所致筋骨痿年次，小兒麻痹。
5. 袪痰止咳平喘：治久咳、哮喘(包括老年哮喘)，以陽虛
者為宜。
6. 還常用於治療冠心病、高血壓、神經衰弱等。
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【概述】本品又名仙靈脾、羊藿、羊角風、羊藿葉。微小檗科植物淫羊
藿 Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. 箭葉淫羊藿 Epimedium sagittatum
（ Sieb. et Zucc. ） Maxim. 柔毛淫羊藿 Epimedium pubescens Maxim.
巫山淫羊藿 Epimedium wushanese T. S. Ying 或朝鮮淫羊藿 Epimedium
koreanum Nakai 的地上部分。主產於陜西、遼寧、山西、湖北、四川等
地。夏、秋季採收，割取莖葉，除去粗梗及雜質，曬乾或陰乾。淫羊藿
為小檗科植物淫羊藿、箭葉淫羊藿、柔毛淫羊藿或朝鮮淫羊藿的乾燥地
上部分。功能補腎陽、強筋骨、袪風濕。用於陽痿遺精、痿軟、風濕、
痹痛、麻木拘攣，更年期高血壓等症。臨床應用一般需經淨制、切制、
羊脂油炙後入藥。現代研究結果表明，本品主含淫羊藿 苷、藿羊淫次苷、
藿羊淫新苷、蜡醇、三 十一烷、植物甾醇、有機酸、脂肪酸、生物鹼、
揮發油等成分。具有增強內分泌系統的分泌功能、激素樣作用、促進蛋
白質合成、調節細胞代謝、增強免疫功能、抗衰老、抗心肌缺氧、降壓、
抗血小板聚集、抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、袪痰、鎮咳、降糖及性激素樣作
用等藥理作用。
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【藥性】味辛、甘，性溫。歸肝、腎經。
【功效】補腎壯陽，強筋健骨，袪風除濕。
【應用】
1.用於腎陽虛衰所致的陽痿遺精，宮寒不孕，尿頻失禁，久咳虛
喘。治陽痿、遺精，可單味浸酒服，或配肉蓯蓉、巴戟天、仙茅
等同用；治虛冷不孕，可配蛇床子、鎖陽等同用；治尿頻失禁，
或小便餘瀝不盡，多配覆盆子、金櫻子、桑螵蛸等同用；治腎虛
喘咳，多配補骨脂、胡桃肉等同用 (5) 。
2.用於風寒濕痹，腰膝酸軟。治風濕久痹，腰膝冷痛，可浸酒飲；
或配威靈仙、肉桂等煎服。如肝腎虧虛而致腰膝酸軟，常配杜仲、
狗脊等同用。此外，可治虛寒胃痛，常配高良薑同用 (5) 。
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3 .淫羊藿可以促進骨細胞增生和分化，降低骨質疏鬆
症的發生率(6,7,8,9,10,14)。促進鈣質小腸吸收(12)。
4 .淫羊藿萃取物可以放鬆兔子海綿體的肌肉，未來可
以應用此策略而用來治療陰莖勃起障礙(11)。
5 .淫羊藿萃取物可以使雄性大白鼠陰莖勃起(13)。
【用法用量】內服：煎湯， 3 -9g ；或入丸、散；或
浸酒、鰲膏 (4,5) 。
【使用注意】陰虛而相火易動者禁服 (4,5) 。
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Reference:
1 . 呂俠卿，中藥鑑別大全（ 2002 ），中華人民共和國湖南科學技術出版社。
(Simple Chinese)
2 . 江蘇新醫學院，中藥大辭典（ 1999 ），上海科學技術出版社。 (Simple
Chinese)
3 . 張繼、陳德昌、林惠蓉、張文光，中國中藥材真偽鑑別圖典（ 1 ）
（ 2004 ），廣東科技出版社（ Simple Chinese ）
4 . 中華人民共和國國家藥典委員會，中華人民共和國藥典ㄧ部 (2005) ，化學
工業出版社 (Simple Chinese)
5 . 原思通，醫用中藥飲片學（ 2001 ），中華人民共和國人民衛生出版社。
(Simple Chinese)
6 . Meng FH , Li YB , Xiong ZL , Jiang ZM , Li FM .(2005) Osteoblastic
proliferative activity of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. Phytomedicine. 2005
Mar;12(3):189-93.
7 . Yin XX , Chen ZQ , Dang GT , Ma QJ , Liu ZJ .(2005) Effects of
Epimedium pubescens icariine on proliferation and differentiation of human
osteoblasts. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2005 Feb;30(4):289-91.
8 . Chen KM , Ge BF , Ma HP , Zheng RL .(2004) The serum of rats
administered flavonoid extract from Epimedium sagittatum but not the extract
郭綜合
院
itself enhances the development of rat calvarial osteoblast-like cells
in 醫
vitro.
蘇 士 銘 醫 師 11
Pharmazie. 2004 Jan;59(1):61-4.
Reference:
9 . Li J , Yu S , Li T , Pang S .(2002) In vitro study of the effects of Epimedium on
osteoclastic bone resorption in various oral mineralized tissues. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi
Xue Za Zhi. 2002 Sep;37(5):391-4.
10 . Jiang YN , Mo HY , Chen JM .(2002) Effects of epimedium total flavonoids
phytosomes on preventing and treating bone-loss of ovariectomized rats. Zhongguo
Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2002 Mar;27(3):221-4.
11 . Chiu JH, Chen KK, Chien TM, Chiou WF, Chen CC, Wang JY, Lui WY, Wu
CW.(2006) Epimedium brevicornum Maxim extract relaxes rabbit corpus cavernosum
through multitargets on nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling pathway.
Int J Impot Res. 2006 Jul-Aug;18(4):335-42. Epub 2006 Jan 5.
12 . Zhang G, Qin L, Hung WY, Shi YY, Leung PC, Yeung HY, Leung KS.(2006)
Flavonoids derived from herbal Epimedium Brevicornum Maxim prevent OVX-induced
osteoporosis in rats independent of its enhancement in intestinal calcium
absorption.Bone. 2006 Jun;38(6):818-25. Epub 2006 Jan 18.
13 . Chen KK, Chiu JH.(2006) Effect of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim extract on
elicitation of penile erection in the rat.Urology. 2006 Mar;67(3):631-5.
14 . Zhang G, Qin L, Hung WY, Shi YY, Leung PC, Yeung HY, Leung KS.(2006)
Flavonoids derived from herbal Epimedium brevicornum Maxim prevent OVX-induced
osteoporosis in rats independent of its enhancement in intestinal calcium
郭綜合醫院
absorption.Bone. 2006 Jun;38(6):818-25.
蘇 士 銘 醫 師 12
藥理作用1.對性功能的影響
動物實驗 增加小鼠性器官體積及血睪丸酮含量
雄性小鼠給淫羊藿提取物或煎劑後，前列腺、精囊和提肛肌的
重量增加[7]，
血漿睪丸酮含量升高、睪丸組織增生、睪丸分泌增加。[8]
淫羊藿 能促進睪丸間質細胞睪丸酮的基礎分泌和 cAMP的生
成。[9]
雌性大鼠給淫羊藿煎劑後，垂體前葉、卵巢和子宮的重量明顯
增加，卵巢 HCG/LH 受體特異結合力明顯提高。[10]
臨床研究 改善陽痿
用淫羊藿及菟絲子治療陽痿 52 例，配合按摩及煎水坐浴，總
有效率為92%。[11-12]
用一配方含淫羊藿、枸杞子、冬蟲夏草、白芍和懷牛膝治療療
郭綜合醫院
陽痿28例，總有效率為 86%。[13]
13
蘇士銘醫師
藥理作用1.對性功能的影響
恢復男子性功能
用淫羊藿、仙茅、刺五加治療男子性功能下降32例，
顯效21例，改善7例。[14]
減低外陰白斑的症狀
取淫羊藿研末，以魚肝油軟膏適量調勻，塗於患處，
患者療效顯著。[15]
改善經間出血
用淫羊藿治療12例，每例療效均滿意。[16]
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2.對心血管系統的影響
動物實驗 增強心肌收縮力
體外及體內實驗証明，淫羊藿煎劑能增加蟾蜍心肌細胞收縮力。用戊巴
比妥鈉造成蟾蜍人工心衰後，注入淫羊藿煎劑，可使心肌張恢復。家兔
靜脈注射淫羊藿煎劑，心肌張力增加。[17]
增加心輸出量
家兔靜脈注射淫羊藿煎膏( 1g 生藥/kg)或淫羊藿 (1mg/kg)，前者心輸出
量增加，後者心輸出量下降。[18]
增加冠脈流量
淫羊藿煎劑及淫羊藿提取物分別對離體豚鼠及家兔心冠脈流量有增加作
用。[19-20]麻醉犬靜脈注射淫羊藿水浸膏片中提取的非氨基酸或淫羊藿
水溶液，可使冠脈流量明顯增加。[21-22〕淫羊藿注射劑亦能增加豚鼠冠
脈流量，對抗垂體後葉素所致的冠脈流量減少。[23]
心肌缺血的保護作用
淫羊藿煎劑、淫羊藿水溶液及淫羊藿非氨基酸提取物對大鼠心肌缺血均
有保護作用。[21,22,24]
降血壓
淫羊藿煎劑給家兔、大鼠及貓靜脈注射，均呈降壓作用。[7]腎型高血壓
大鼠灌服淫羊藿提取物，血壓明顯下降，但停藥後血壓回升。[25]
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2.對心血管系統的影響
促進血小板聚集
離體及在體實驗証明，淫羊藿煎劑及淫羊藿多糖可促進血小板聚集及降
低紅血細胞壓積。[26]
降膽固醇及甘油三脂
實驗性高脂血症家兔灌胃淫羊藿煎劑，β-脂蛋白、總膽固醇及甘油三脂
水平下降。[27]
臨床研究 減輕心絞痛症狀
在兩項獨立的臨床研究中，冠心病患者分別經過淫羊藿片及淫羊藿浸膏
片治療後，大部分患者心電圖有明顯改善，心絞痛情況也得到改善。
[28-29]
在另一項臨床研究，冠心病患者給肌肉注射淫羊藿注射液，患者心電圖
得到改善，大部份有心絞痛、胸悶、心悸和氣短者，情況得到一定改善。
[30]
高血壓者血壓
用淫羊藿浸膏片治療高血壓115例，有效率達78%，血壓下降幅度為
10.7kPa/5.33kPa (80/40mm Hg)。[31]
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3.對免疫系統的影響
提高/恢復巨噬紅胞吞噬功能
小鼠皮下注射淫羊藿多糖或淫羊藿黃酮，使巨噬細胞吞噬率提高。[33]對抗
淋巴細胞血清造成的免疫功能低下小鼠，淫羊藿能使其巨噬細胞吞噬炭粒
的能力恢復到正常水平。[36]
刺激IL-2產生
淫羊藿多糖在較低濃度時 (100μg/ml and 1000μg/ml) ，可增強人體淋巴細
胞產生的IL-2的活性。相反，在較高濃度時 (2500μg/ml and 5000μg/ml)，
淫羊藿多糖對IL-2的產生有抑制作用。[37]
增加骨髓細胞的DNA生成及細胞繁殖
淫羊藿煎劑能顯著提高陽虛小鼠骨髓細胞的繁殖(72%)及DNA 生成。[25]
臨床研究
減輕白細胞減少症的症狀
有氣虛症狀的白細胞減少症患者22例，服用淫羊藿沖劑(15g/包)，第1週每
日3包，第2週起每日2包，共治療30-45日，22例中堅持服藥者14例，其中
治癒3例，有效5例，無效2例。[38]
改善維持性血液透析患者生存質量
用淫羊藿對透析患者進行治療4個月，患者感染發生率有下降趨勢，外周血
淋巴細胞個素2的活性明顯增強，體力、睡眠、食欲和男性患者的性功能有
所改善。[39]
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3.對免疫系統的影響
動物實驗 增加抗體生成
小鼠皮下注射淫羊藿總黃酮、淫羊藿多糖及淫羊藿 ，可使綿羊紅細胞
(SRBC) 和免疫小鼠血溶血素抗體水平或脾臟抗體生成增加。[32-34]
調節淋巴細胞的繁殖
小鼠分別皮下注射淫羊藿總黃酮或淫羊藿多糖，每日一次，連續給藥七
日，均可顯著促進淋巴細胞轉化。[32-33]
淫羊藿多糖能使小鼠淋巴細胞對植物血凝素(PHA)刺激增加。[32]
50%淫羊藿乙醇提取液可明顯抑制絲分裂原誘發的小鼠淋巴細胞增生反
應。其抑制反應隨藥物濃度增加而加強。給環璘 酸洗胺超適劑量免疫小
鼠皮下注射淫羊藿多糖，可促進超適劑量環璘 胺誘導的 Ts 細胞產生，
增強對受體鼠抗體生成的抑制。相反，當環璘 胺超適劑免疫小鼠皮下注
射淫羊藿 ，Ts 細胞產生減弱，使受體鼠抗體生成水平升高。[34]
給醋酸強的松龍造成陽虛模型的小鼠灌胃淫羊藿煎劑，可明顯增加淋巴
細胞的 3H-TdR 摻入及轉化，紅細胞溶血素及血凝抗體滴度。[35]
給抗淋巴細胞血清造成的免疫功能低下小鼠灌胃淫羊藿煎劑，可使免疫
功能低下小鼠脾臟淋巴細胞數量、脾空斑形成細胞反應恢復到正常水平。
[36]
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4.對呼吸系統的影響
動物實驗 抗哮喘作用
一項用貓作模型的實驗發現，淫羊藿提取物能完全抑
制由電流刺激回歸喉神經而引起的咳嗽。在另一項以
豚鼠作實驗模型的研究顯示，淫羊藿能舒緩組胺引導
的哮喘。[25]
臨床研究 治療慢性氣管炎
用單味淫羊藿丸治療1066例，總有效率為74.6%。[40]
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5.抗病毒作用
動物實驗 抗菌及抗毒作
淫羊藿對白色葡萄球菌、金黃色葡萄球菌、奈氏卡他
球菌、肺炎雙球菌、流感嗜血桿菌、脊髓灰白質炎病
毒、ECHO 病毒6、9型及柯薩奇病毒A9、B4、B5 型
等均有抑制作用。[7,25,41]
臨床研究 對治療病毒性心肌炎較維生素Ｃ有效
用淫羊藿浸膏片，每次7-10片，每日3次，同時用維生
素C3g加入10%葡萄糖溶液500ml內靜脈滴注，共治療
36例，與單用維生素C治療的25例比較，前者顯效率
為69.44%，後者為40%。[43]
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6.其他
6.其他 在動物中的抗氧化作用
淫羊藿水提液對大鼠心、肝、腦和腎勻漿過氧化脂質的生成有顯
著的抑制作用。[44]
給急性衰老小鼠模型灌胃淫羊藿黃酮，能顯著恢復小鼠T和B淋巴
細胞增殖反應，明顯提高小鼠肝臟總超氧化物歧化下霨(SOD)的
活性，減少肝組織過氧化脂質的形成，減少心、肝等組織的脂褐
素形成。[45]其他研究顯示，淫羊藿具兒茶酚胺抗拮作用。
在動物中的降血糖作用
正常大鼠或實驗性高血糖大鼠灌胃淫羊藿提取物，有降血糖作用。
[25,46]
配合其他中藥去治療神經衰弱
分別用3%淫羊藿煎劑離子透入法、淫羊藿提取物、淫羊藿黃酮及
淫羊藿治療104、138、61及29例，總有效率為85.6%, 89.9%,
93.4%及89.6%，患者的失眠情況也有改善。[47-48]
郭綜合醫院
蘇士銘醫師
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用法及劑量
用法及劑量 煎劑：6-15g，可一次增至。[4]
不良反應、副作用及注意事項 若長期服用，可導致頭
暈、嘔吐、口乾、口渴及、流鼻血等不良反應。小鼠
被灌服大劑量時可引起呼吸停止及反射亢進，甚至痙
攣。[49]
陰虛內熱者不適合服食淫羊藿。[50]
郭綜合醫院
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參考資料
1.A pharmaco-metabonomic study on the therapeutic basis and
metabolic effects of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. on
hydrocortisone-induced rat using UPLC-MS. (eng; includes
abstract) By Li F, Biomedical Chromatography: BMC [Biomed
Chromatogr], 2007 Apr; Vol. 21 (4), pp. 397-405;
2.Effects of icariin on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis action
and cytokine levels in stressed Sprague-Dawley rats. (eng;
includes abstract) By Pan Y, Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
[Biol Pharm Bull], 2006 Dec; Vol. 29 (12), pp. 2399-403;
3.Epimedium brevicornum Maxim extract relaxes rabbit corpus
cavernosum through multitargets on nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine
monophosphate signaling pathway. (eng; includes abstract) By
Chiu JH, International Journal Of Impotence Research [Int J Impot
Res], 2006 Jul-Aug; Vol. 18 (4), pp. 335-42;
4.Flavonoids derived from herbal Epimedium Brevicornum Maxim
prevent OVX-induced osteoporosis in rats independent of its
enhancement in intestinal calcium absorption. (eng; includes
abstract) By Zhang G, Bone [Bone], 2006 Jun; Vol. 38 (6), pp. 81825; PMID: 16413840
5.Effect of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim extract on elicitation of
penile erection in the rat. (eng; includes abstract) By Chen
郭 綜KK,
合醫院
Urology [Urology], 2006 Mar; Vol. 67 (3), pp. 631-5;
蘇士銘醫師
23
參考資料
6.Osteoblastic proliferative activity of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. (eng; includes
abstract) By Meng FH, Phytomedicine: International Journal Of Phytotherapy And
Phytopharmacology [Phytomedicine], 2005 Mar; Vol. 12 (3), pp. 189-93;
7.On-line concentration by field-enhanced sample injection with reverse migrating
micelles in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the analysis of
flavonoids in Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. (eng; includes abstract) By Wang S,
Journal Of Chromatography. A [J Chromatogr A], 2003 Oct 31; Vol. 1017 (1-2), pp. 27-34;
8.Effects of herbal preparation Equiguard on hormone-responsive and hormonerefractory prostate carcinoma cells: mechanistic studies. (eng; includes abstract) By
Hsieh TC, International Journal Of Oncology [Int J Oncol], 2002 Apr; Vol. 20 (4), pp. 681-9;
9.[Chemical constituents from the aerial part of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim.] (chi;
includes abstract) By Gao B, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi =
China Journal Of Chinese Materia Medica [Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi], 1996 May; Vol.
21 (5), pp. 290-2, 319;
10.[Determination of the content of icariine in four Chinese patent medicines containing
Epimedium brevicornum Maxim] (chi; includes abstract) By Li Z, Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue
Xue Bao = Journal Of West China University Of Medical Sciences = Huaxi Yike Daxue
Xuebao / [Bian Ji Zhe, Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao Bian Wei Hui] [Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue
Xue Bao], 1995 Mar; Vol. 26 (1), pp. 66-9;
11.Determination of total flavonoids in Epimedium brevicornum maxim by differential
pulse polarography. (eng; includes abstract) By Xu LX, Yao Xue Xue Bao = Acta
Pharmaceutica Sinica [Yao Xue Xue Bao], 1989; Vol. 24 (8), pp. 606-10;
郭綜合醫院
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A pharmaco-metabonomic study on the therapeutic
basis and metabolic effects of Epimedium
brevicornum Maxim. on hydrocortisone-induced rat
using UPLC-MS
Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. (EbM)treated rats with a pathologic
condition similar to the 'kidney deficiency syndromes' in traditional Chinese
medicine and its therapeutic basis. UPLC-MS technique was used for the
development of chemical profile of EbM. and endogenous metabolite profiles
of rats pre- and post-hydrocortisone interfered and treated with this herbal
medicine. The comparison among profiles was performed with a statistical
technique, principle component analysis (PCA). Significant difference in
endogenous metabolite profiles was observed in the intervention rats and
the abnormality of metabolism recovered towards the normal level after
administration withEbM extract. Four active constituents of. were found into
the blood circulation of kidney-deficient rats and two of their metabolites in
the urine. This work suggests that the metabonomic approach is a potentially
powerful tool to explore the therapeutic basis and to clarify the possible
action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.
Li F; Lu X; Liu H; Liu M; Xiong [Biomed Chromatogr] 2007 Apr; Vol. 21 (4), pp. 397-405.
郭綜合醫院
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25
Effects of icariin on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis action and cytokine levels in stressed SpragueDawley rats.
Icariin is one of the major active flavonoids constituents of Epimedium
brevicornum MAXIM (Berberidaceae). Icariin and E. brevicornum have a
wide range of pharmacological activities. Abnormality in the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is considered to be a key neurobilogical factor in
major depression, and cytokines have a close relationship with the activation
of the HPA axis. In the present study, the aim was to determine whether
icariin possesses an antidepressant-like activity, and to explore the effects of
icariin on the HPA axis and cytokine levels in chronic mild stress (CMS)
model of depression in Sprague-Dawley rats. Icariin significantly increased
the sucrose intake of CMS-treated rats from week 3. 不但增加(CRF)
and cortisol 而且降低IL-6 and TNF-alpha It not only
attenuated the CMS-induced increases in serum corticotropin-releasing
factor (CRF) and cortisol levels, but also reversed the abnormal levels of
serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor-necrosis-factor alpha (TNF-alpha) to
the normal in the stressed rats. These results suggested that icariin
possessed an antidepressant-like property that was at least in part mediated
by neuroendocrine and immune systems.
Pan Y; Zhang WY; Xia X; Kong [Biol Pharm Bull] 2006; 29 (12), 2399-403.
郭綜合醫院
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Epimedium brevicornum Maxim extract relaxes rabbit corpus
cavernosum through multitargets on nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine
monophosphate signaling pathway.
Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (EbM) has been reputed to have sexual
stimulation effects on males. The study is aimed to test the hypothesis that EbM
extracts relaxed the corpus cavernosum (CC) smooth muscle through activation of
multitargets on nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling
pathway. Water extract of EbM and its subfraction (EP-20) were prepared and
standardized by high-performance liquid chromatography. Isolated rabbit CC strips
were mounted in organ baths and isometric tension was recorded in the presence or
absence of specific inhibitors related to NO/cGMP signaling such as L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ,
a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) or phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE 5) inhibitors. cGMP level
was determined in EP-20-treated CC strips. The results showed that EP-20 enriched
the content of L-arginine in the process of purification and relaxed the CC smooth
muscle precontracted with phenylephrine (PE, 1 microM) in a concentrationdependent manner. Besides, EP-20 increased the amount of cGMP production in
rabbit CC tissues. Coincubation with EP-20 and L-NAME or ODQ significantly
decreased EP-20-induced relaxation whereas EP-20 increased sodium
nitroprusside-induced relaxation in PE-precontracted CC strips. Besides, EP-20
increased the potency and the duration of the relaxation effects caused by electrical
field stimulation. Finally, EP-20 could potentiate PDE 5 inhibitors in relaxation of PEprecontracted CC strips. We concluded that extract of EbM relax the CC smooth
muscle through multitargets in NO/cGMP/PDE 5 pathway and might bring into
perspective the treatment strategy for those patients with erectile dysfunction
邱文慧Chiu JH; Chen KK; Chien TM; Chiou WF; Chen CC; Wang JY; Lui WY; Wu. 郭 綜 合 醫 院
蘇士銘醫師
[Int J Impot Res] 2006 Jul-Aug; Vol. 18 (4), pp. 335-42.
27
Epimedium brevicornum Maxim extract relaxes rabbit corpus
cavernosum through multitargets on nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine
monophosphate signaling pathway.
Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (EbM) has been reputed to have sexual
stimulation effects on males.淫羊藿在男性性刺激頗有好名本文
主要目標是
The study is aimed to test the hypothesis that EbM extracts relaxed the corpus
cavernosum (CC) smooth muscle through activation of multitargets on nitric oxide
(NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway. Water extract of
EbM and its subfraction (EP-20) were prepared and standardized by highperformance liquid chromatography. Isolated rabbit CC strips were mounted in organ
baths and isometric tension was recorded in the presence or absence of specific
inhibitors related to NO/cGMP signaling such as L-N(G)-nitro-arginine methyl ester
(L-NAME), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, a guanylyl cyclase
inhibitor) or phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE 5) inhibitors. cGMP level was determined in
EP-20-treated CC strips. The results showed that EP-20 enriched the content of Larginine in the process of purification and relaxed the CC smooth muscle
precontracted with phenylephrine (PE, 1 microM) in a concentration-dependent
manner. Besides, EP-20 increased the amount of cGMP production in rabbit CC
tissues. Coincubation with EP-20 and L-NAME or ODQ significantly decreased EP20-induced relaxation whereas EP-20 increased sodium nitroprusside-induced
relaxation in PE-precontracted CC strips. Besides, EP-20 increased the potency and
the duration of the relaxation effects caused by electrical field stimulation. Finally, EP20 could potentiate PDE 5 inhibitors in relaxation of PE-precontracted CC strips. We
concluded
that
extract
of EbM
relax WF;
the Chen
CC smooth
through
multitargets
綜 合 醫 院 in
邱文慧Chiu JH;
Chen
KK; Chien
TM; Chiou
CC; Wangmuscle
JY; Lui WY;
Wu. 郭
NO/cGMP/PDE
5 pathway
might
bring into perspective the treatment
for
蘇 士 銘strategy
醫 師 28
[Int J Impot Res] 2006
Jul-Aug; Vol.and
18 (4),
pp. 335-42.
those patients with erectile dysfunction
Chen KK, Chiu JH, Chang LS. The effect of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim
extract on clitoral intracavernous pressure in the rabbit. Program and
abstracts of the 21st Annual Congress of the European Association of
Urology; April 5-8, 2006; Paris,France. Abstract 20.
Researchers from Taipei, Taiwan, focused on the traditional Chinese
medication Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (EbM) as a frequently used
oral agent to treat erectile dysfunction (ED).[1]
Pilot studies with intracavernosal administration of EbM in the rat
elicited penile erections. Nitric oxide (NO) is hypothesized to be
involved in EbM extract-induced penile erections. Since the clitoris is
from the same embryologic origin as the penis, the investigators
theorized that EbM might have an effect on clitoral intracavernosal
pressure (ICP). Using a 26-gauge needle, 300 micrograms (mcg)/0.2
mL and 3000 mcg/0.2 mL of EbM and saline controls were
administered intracavernosally to female New Zealand white rabbits.
There were significant dose-response effects of the different doses of
EbM compared with placebo: clitoral ICP increased from resting 8-10.3
± 2.3 mm Hg to 46-63.2 ± 5.7 mm Hg for 46-100 minutes with EbM,
and no effect was observed with the saline vehicle. The authors
suggest that this agent may show promise in treating female sexual
dysfunction (FSD). Most authorities, however, do not foresee any
intracavernosal application for EbM, with topical cream or gel being the
only acceptable local modality for future clinical use in women with
FSD.
郭綜合醫院
蘇士銘醫師
29
淫羊藿水抽提物舒張離體大白兔胸主動脈之活性研究
錢祖明，陳建志，邱文慧
INDUCTION OF VASORELAXATION IN ISOLATED
RABBIT AORTA BY EPIMEDIUM BREVICORNUM
MAXIM LEAF EXTRACTS
Tsu-Ming Chien, Chien-Chih Chen and Wen-Fei
Chiou (全文pdf)
郭綜合醫院
蘇士銘醫師
30
陰道高潮比陰蒂高潮重要
A German group presented the results of a study that looked at the significance
of NO in the control of human vaginal tissues.[2] The authors suggested that the
NO-cGMP signaling system in the vaginal tissues is not primarily acting through
smooth muscle relaxation and vaginal tumescence. Using vaginal tissues
obtained from 15 pre- and postmenopausal women, the researchers evaluated
the function of different NO-releasing drugs to counter endothelin (ET)-1 induced
tension. They observed increased NO activity localized predominantly to the
nerve trunks and arterioles traversing these vaginal sections in subepithelial
locations. This introduces a new concept in the study of FSD, ie, that the NOcGMP pathway might be primarily responsible for vaginal perfusion and
neurotransmission and may serve, to a minor extent, as a mechanism for
vaginal smooth muscle relaxation. Women who develop clitoral tumescence
alone do not necessarily enjoy a better sexual experience. This finding may help
explain the lack of benefit witnessed in the early sildenafil trials for the treatment
of FSD.
Development of effective pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of FSD will
undoubtedly surpass the success of PDE 5 inhibitor agents many fold.
Uckert S, Richter K, Nuser V, et al. Significance of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway in the control of human
vaginal tissue: a functional and immunohistochemical study. Program and abstracts of 郭
the綜
21st
合Annual
醫院
Congress of the European Association of Urology; April 5-8, 2006; Paris, France. Abstract 22.
蘇士銘醫師
31
Effect of Illicit (非法的被禁止的)Drug Use
on Sexual Function
1.
Cocaine is recognized to possess intense aphrodisiac effects initially, but most long-term
male users develop ED. The peripheral mechanisms involved in chronic cocaine use have
not been elucidated. Investigators sought to understand the cellular and molecular
mechanisms for impaired erectile function due to binge飲酒做樂 cocaine administration in a
rat model.[3] Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, the
control group, received vehicle (saline), and group 2 received intraperitoneal binge cocaine
injections (30 mg/kg for 3 times a day on 3 consecutive days per week for 3 weeks). After
triple-binge cocaine or saline injections, both groups underwent an in vivo, neurogenicmediated erectile response protocol. Plasma levels of ET-1 were assessed using enzymelinked immunoabsorbent assay. Using Western blot analysis, penile ET-A and -B receptors
(ETAR and ETBR) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression were
monitored. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was quantitated using the calorimetric tetramethyl benzidine method. This study demonstrated that chronic cocaine use in rats caused
impaired erectile function in vivo. The mechanisms responsible include increased plasma
ET-1 levels, increased ETAR expression, decreased eNOS expression and NO production,
and increased activity of tissue MPO. This animal study demonstrates that binge cocaine
administration does significantly reduce erectile function.
Kendirci M, Pradhan L, Trost L, et al. The mechanisms for diminished erectile function in an
animal model of binge cocaine use. Program and abstracts of the 21st Annual Congress of
the European Association of Urology; April 5-8, 2006; Paris, France. Abstract 9.
郭綜合醫院
蘇士銘醫師
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Effect of Illicit (非法的被禁止的)Drug Use
on Sexual Function
In a related clinical study from Italy, La Pera and colleagues[4]
postulated that premature ejaculation (PE) and other sexual disorders
might be important risk factors leading to substance abuse and
subsequent addiction. The researchers interviewed 86 former heroin
addicts and administered extensive questionnaires to elicit detailed
histories. They reported that 31.4% of participants used heroin to
improve sexual performance, mainly PE. Another 26.7% used drugs as
a relief for other sexual problems.
While this concept of drug addiction resulting from sexual dysfunctions
is controversial, these studies suggest that such issues be taken into
account while gathering the clinical history.
1. La Pera G, Cardieri A, Marianantoni Z, Peris F, et al. To what extent is
heroin used to relieve premature ejaculation and other sexual disorders?
Program and abstracts of the 21st Annual Congress of the European
Association of Urology; April 5-8, 2006; Paris, France. Abstract 175.
郭綜合醫院
蘇士銘醫師
33
Flavonoids derived from herbal Epimedium
Brevicornum Maxim prevent OVX-induced
osteoporosis in rats independent of its
enhancement in intestinal calcium absorption.
AIM: Factorial design was used to test our hypothesis
whether a group of flavonoids (FE) derived from herbal
Epimedium Brevicornum Maxim exerted its preventive
effects on estrogen-deficiency-induced osteoporosis
mainly through an enhancement in intestinal calcium
absorption.. CONCLUSION: The present study
suggested that FE inhibited bone resorption, stimulated
bone formation, and accordingly prevented osteoporosis
without hyperplastic effect on uterus in the OVX rat
model, which was however independent of an
enhancement in intestinal calcium absorption
Zhang G; Qin L; Hung WY; Shi YY; Leung PC; Yeung HY;
Leung Hong Kong, [Bone] 2006 Jun; Vol. 38 (6), pp. 818-25.郭 綜 合 醫 院
蘇士銘醫師
34
Effect of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim extract
on elicitation of penile erection in the rat.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect and mechanism of a Chinese medicine
(Epimedium brevicornum Maxim [EbM]) on elicitation of penile erection in the rat.
METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The penile intracavernous
pressure (ICP) was monitored. Intracavernous administration of different doses (30, 100,
300, 1000, 3000, 6500, and 10,000 microg/0.1 mL) of EbM extract and saline 0.1 mL
was done. Intracavernous NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (120 microg) was
administered, followed by EbM extract 300 microg 10 minutes later. EbM extract (20, 10,
and 10 microg) was stereotaxically delivered into the intracerebral ventricle,
paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and hippocampus, respectively. RESULTS:
After intracavernous administration of 30 or 100 microg EbM extract, no significant
change in ICP was noted. All other doses (300 to 10,000 microg) of EbM extract elicited
a significant increase in ICP, with the greatest peak at 99.7 +/- 0.3 mm Hg (resting 7.8
+/- 1.0 mm Hg) after application of 6500 microg EbM extract. No change in ICP occurred
with administration of L-NAME followed by EbM extract. Furthermore, intracavernous
saline or administration of EbM extract into the intracerebral ventricle, paraventricular
nucleus of the hypothalamus, or hippocampus was ineffective in inducing a significant
change in ICP. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that intracavernous
administration of EbM extract may elicit penile erection in the rat. Nitric oxide may be
involved in this penile erection-inducing effect. No central neural effect of EbM extract
may exist in the elicitation of penile erection
Chen KK; Chiu JH [Urology] 2006 Mar; Vol. 67 (3), pp. 631-5.
郭綜合醫院
蘇士銘醫師
35
Osteoblastic proliferative activity of
Epimedium brevicornum Maxim.
The effect of the extracts of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim.
was investigated on proliferative activity in vitro. The osteoblastlike UMR106 cells was employed as an osteoblast model. The
EtOH extract and the n-butanol fraction from the crude extract
were found to show proliferation stimulating activity. Three
flavonoid compounds (icariin, epimedin B and epimedin C)
were isolated from this fraction by activity-guided assay, and
the effects on cell proliferation were studied. Icariin produced
the most significant promoting effect on the proliferation in
osteoblast-like UMR106 cells. The results suggested that E.
brevicornum Maxim. extracts might have potential activity
against osteoporosis, and flavonoids such as icariin might be
郭綜合醫院
the active constituents stimulating osteoblasts.
Meng FH; Li YB; Xiong ZL; Jiang ZM; Li [Phytomedicine] 2005 Mar; Vol. 12
蘇士銘醫師
36
On-line concentration by field-enhanced sample
injection with reverse migrating micelles in micellar
electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the
analysis of flavonoids in Epimedium brevicornum
Maxim.
A simple and sensitive micellar electrokinetic capillary
chromatography (MEKC) method was developed for
the separation and determination of six flavonoids in
Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. Field-enhanced
sample injection with reverse migrating micelles (FESIRMM) was used for on-line concentration of the
flavonoids. An electrolyte containing 20 mM H3PO4,
100 mM SDS, 20% acetonitrile and 2% 2-propanol (pH
2.0) was chosen as the electrophoretic buffer. By
optimizing the stacking conditions, about 40-360-fold
improvement in the detection sensitivity was obtained
for the flavonoids.
Wang S; Wu Y; Ju Y; Chen X; Zheng W; Hu Z [J
Chromatogr A] 2003 Oct 31; Vol. 1017 (1-2), pp. 27-34.
郭綜合醫院
蘇士銘醫師
37
Chemical constituents from the aerial part of
Epimedium brevicornum Maxim.]
Six flavonoids were isolated from the aerial part of Epimedium
brevicornum and identified as
baohuo side I,
baohuoside II
2"' O-rhamnosyl icariside II,
sagittatoside B,,
ikarisoside F and
ikarisoside C
by means of UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FAB-MS spectral analysis,
they were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Gao B; Yu J; Xiao China Journal Of Chinese Materia Medica
郭綜合醫院
[Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi] 1996 May; Vol. 21 (5), pp. 290-2,
蘇 士 銘 醫 師 38
319.
[Determination of the content of icariine in
four Chinese patent medicines containing
Epimedium brevicornum Maxim]
A new HPLC method has been developed for analysis of
Icariine in four Chinese patent medicines. The symmetric
peak of Icariine and good resolution were gotten, when ODS
was used as analytical column (30 degrees C) MeOHKH2PO4 (pH = 2.7, adjusted with H3PO4) (57:43) as a
mobile phase; the detective wavelength was 268 nm. The
contents of Icariine in Bushen-qiangshen-wan, Guiling-ji,
Zhuang-gu-guanjie-wan and Qianliening-chongji were 0.105,
0.0995, 0.0566 and 0.313% respectively.
Li Z; Liu S; Qian G; Li PJournal Of West China University Of Medical Sciences
郭綜合醫院
= [Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao] 1995 Mar; Vol. 26 (1), pp. 66-9.
蘇士銘醫師
39
Taxonomic, genetic, chemical and estrogenic
characteristics of Epimedium species.
To understand the factors contributing to estrogenic properties of extracts
from the genus Epimedium L. (Berberidaceae), we performed taxonomic,
genetic and chemical characterization on 37 specimens from 18 species and
related these to estrogen receptor (ERalpha and ERbeta) bioactivity, as
measured by reporter genes in stable human cells. Strikingly, a genetic
cluster comprising six rare Epimedium species exhibited strongest ERalpha
and ERbeta activity, and this bioactivity was positively correlated with
content of trace flavonoid aglycones (kaempferol, apigenin, quercetin,
luteolin and breviflavone B). In contrast, there was no association between
estrogenic activity and the major flavonol glycoside constituents (icariin and
epimedin A-C). Although they exhibited equally strong ERalpha and ERbeta
activity, E. koreanum can be clearly differentiated from E. pubescens and E.
brevicornum by genetic distance and its significantly lower content of
epimedin C. Our morphologic, genetic, chemical and bioactivity profiling
provide the basis for the production of extracts with reproducible estrogenic
properties. Such reproducibility will be critical for the standardization of
Epimedium-based products
Singapore. Shen P; Guo BL; Gong Y; Hong DY; Hong Y;
Yong [Phytochemistry] 2007 May; Vol. 68 (10), pp. 1448-58.郭 綜 合 醫 院
蘇士銘醫師
40
Neuroprotective effects of icaritin against beta
amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured
rat neuronal cells via estrogen-dependent pathway.
Beta-amyloid protein (Abeta) is the hallmark of pathogenic neurotoxins which
contribute greatly to Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated cascade including severe
neuronal loss. In present study, icaritin, an active natural ingredient from a Chinese
plant, Epimedium sagittatum maxim, was investigated to assess its neuroprotective
effect against the toxicity induced with Abeta(25-35) in primary cultured rat cortical
neuronal cells as well as the underlying mechanisms. Abeta(25-35) induced neuronal
toxicity, characterized by decreased cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
release, and neuronal DNA condensation, which is associated with both the loss of
membrane potential and the alteration of the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins. The
phenotype alternation induced by Abeta(25-35) could be reversed by icaritin.
Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of icaritin mentioned above were estrogen
receptor dependent due to the blocking action induced by estrogen receptor
antagonist ICI 182,780 and well matched binding affinity with estrogen receptor by a
receptor-ligand docking experiment. mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular
signal-regulated kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059 weakened the protective effects,
which implied mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase
pathway may also be involved in and partly contributed to the neuroprotective effects
of icaritin
郭綜合醫院
Wang Z; Zhang X; Wang H; Qi L; Lou [Neuroscience] 2007 Mar 30; Vol. 145
蘇 士 銘 醫 師 41
(3), pp. 911-22..
Chinese herbal ingredients are effective immune
stimulators for chickens infected with the Newcastle
disease virus
4 Chinese herbal ingredients (CHI) were Astragalus
polysaccharide (APS), Isatis root polysaccharide
(IRPS), Propolis polysaccharide, and Epimedium
flavone at various concentrations. Two hundred 14-dold male White Roman chickens were randomly
divided into 10 groups. On the basis of the in vivo
doses used, Propolis polysaccharide and Epimedium
flavone were more potent than APS and IRPS in
promoting the humoral immune response in the young
birds (P < 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest
that appropriate doses of CHI can be used as novel,
effective immune stimulators for chickens.
Kong XF; Hu YL; Yin YL; Wu GY; Rui R; Wang DY;
郭綜合醫院
Yang [Poult Sci] 2006 Dec; Vol. 85 (12), pp. 2169-蘇 士 銘 醫 師
42
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蘇士銘
醫 師 45
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