First Bytes - LabVIEW
Today’s Session
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Introduction to LabVIEW
Colors and computers
Lab to create a color picker
Lab to manipulate an image
Visual Programming
Image Manipulation
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LabView
• LabVIEW is a graphical programming language
– as opposed to a text based programming language
such as Java or C++
– originally developed to collect and analyze data from
instrumentation.
– can be used as a general purpose programming language
• There are similarities
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must think about what the problem is
what is the program suppose to do?
must plan a solution
must implement and test the solution
• The difference is what you do when implementing
solution.
– typing vs. working with icons
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Colors and Computers
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Computers store numbers.
How to store colors?
Color models
RGB
Look at source code for a web page
– search for “color”
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Image Manipulation
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How Many Colors
• If the encoding of an image allows red,
green, and intensity values of 0 – 255
there are
• 256 * 256 * 256 = 16,777,216 possible
colors
• 1 byte per color per pixel
• 3 bytes total per pixel, 24 bits
• a.k.a. 24 bit image
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Image Manipulation
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Exercise
• Complete LabVIEW program to create a
color picker
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Image Manipulation
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Loading Images VI
• Block Diagram of VI that allows user to
load jpg images from a file and displays
the image
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Image Manipulation
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Image Data
• The image cluster contains a
lot of data
• The heart of the image is an
array of ints
– each int only uses 1 byte or 8
bits
– represents a number from 0 –
255
• three ints in a row represent
the red, green, and blue
intensity for 1 pixel
– elements 0, 1, 2 are for the pixel
at row 0, column 0, the upper left
corner
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Image Manipulation
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Image Data
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Image Data
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Image Manipulation
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RGB Colors
• What color is that pixel at the top left
corner? Looks very black
• Unbundle image to get at image array
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Image Manipulation
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RGB Colors
• First three elements of
image array are 27, 26,
and 5
• Intensity of red from 0 to
255
– 0 is none, 255 is maximum
• a little red, a little green,
almost no blue
• very close to black, all
three 0
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Image Manipulation
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Viewing a Single Color
• Developed a VI to do this in an early lab
• a single function exists
Controls and indicator
added.
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Image Manipulation
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Sample Single Colors
Black.
Moss?
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Image Manipulation
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Altering Images
• Some programming tools allow individual pixels
or areas to be affected, recolored.
• We will look at altering image by affecting all
pixels in the image
• need to work with the color data
• can work with the array of colors from image
• OR “unflatten” the image data to a 2d array
– go from an array of 1 dimension (like a list) to an
array with 2 dimensions, like a table
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Image Manipulation
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Unflatten Image Function
• Most interested in the 24-bit pixmap
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Image Manipulation
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Unflattening the Image
Image Wire
Displaying value in element 0,0
Shown as a hexadecimal number,
base 16.
1B = red component, 1 * 16 + 11 * 1 = 27
1A = green component, 1 * 16 + 10 * 1 = 26
05 = blue component, 0 * 16 + 5 * 1 = 5
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Image Manipulation
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Image Manipulation
• Program already done to pull out red,
green, and blue components
• Now make changes such as
– swapping
– brighter
– darker
– remove one color channel
– invert
– posterize
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Original
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Result
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